• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.194-199
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a new locomotive mechanism using impulsive force for microcapsule-type endoscope. It has the compact size for movement in the colon and actuating mechanisms for hi-directional movement. The actuating mechanism resembles a pneumatic cylinder and consists of body, inertia mass(piston). spring. pneumatic source and calve. When valve is ON, the pneumatic impulsive force between piston and body drives them in two opposite direction. As the air in the body is passed away, the contrary movements are occurred by spring reaction. Therefore, the direction of body's motion is determined by the relative magnitude of two opposite impulsive forces, i.e., pneumatic and spring force. The effect of two impulsive forces can simply be controlled by On-Off time of solenoid valve.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.266-284
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• 2009

The challenges of rapidly growing numbers of mobile nodes in IPv6-based networks are being faced by mobile computing researchers worldwide. Recently, IETF has standardized Mobile IPv6 and Fast Handover for Mobile IPv6(FMIPv6) for supporting IPv6 mobility. Even though existing literatures have asserted that FMIPv6 generally improves MIPv6 in terms of handover speed, they did not carefully consider the details of the whole handover procedures. Therefore, in conventional protocols, the handover process reveals numerous problems manifested by a time-consuming network layer based movement detection and latency in configuring a new care of address with confirmation. In this article, we study the impact of the address configuration and confirmation procedure on the IP handover latency. To mitigate such effects, we propose a new scheme which can reduce the latency taken by the movement detection, address configuration and confirmation from the whole handover latency. Furthermore, a mathematical analysis is provided to show the benefits of our scheme. In the analysis, various parameters are used to compare our scheme with the current procedures, while our approach is focused on the reduction of handover latency. Finally, we demonstrate total handover scenarios for the proposed techniques and discussed the major factors which contribute to the handover latency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.2 s.19
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• pp.14-21
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• 2003

Frequency analysis of city gas pipeline was studied and then the method to give frequencies of failure by the third-party digging, corrosion, ground movement, and equipment failure which were known to be the major cause of risk of city gas pipeline. The failure by the third-party digging was analyzed by fault tree analysis and the failure by corrosion was analyzed by applying equation calculating remaining strength with time. The failure by ground movement was evaluated by applying modified model which was induced through weighing factors with basic failure rate model. The failure rate of equipment was calculated with both generic and specific data

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.160-163
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• 2001

Mirror movements in adult is usually accompanied with various clinical syndromes. But the pathogenesis of mirror movement is not clearly understood. A 20-year-old man visited with complaining of mirror movements in both hands, ophthalmoplegia and sensorineural hearing loss. He underwent through electromyography, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and functional magnetic resonance image. And we concluded that the mechanisms of his mirror movements were both ipsilateral innervated corticospinal tract and simultaneous activation of both motor cortex.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1823-1829
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• 2019

Background: Stroke patients have leg muscle weakness and impaired balance resulting in compensatory changes. To restore balance in these patients, functional training using postural strategy is needed. Objective: To examine the effects of ankle and hip strategy training on the center of pressure (COP) movement and limits of stability (LOS) in standing posture in stroke patients. Design: The study was an assessor-blinded and randomized-controlled clinical trial. Methods: Thirty patients were randomly assigned to an ankle strategy training group and a ankle/ hip strategy training group. Patients in the ankle strategy training group underwent ankle strategy exercise for 30 min, and those in the ankle/ hip strategy training group underwent 15 min of ankle strategy exercise and 15 min of hip strategy exercise. Both groups underwent training thrice a week for four weeks. Forward, backward, paretic side, and non-paretic side COP movements and LOS were measured using BioRescue. Results: After the intervention, except for the backward area in the ankle strategy training group, the COP movement area and the LOS were significantly improved in both the groups. In addition, these improvements were significantly higher in ankle/ hip strategy training group than that in the ankle strategy training group. Conclusions: Ankle strategy training in addition to hip strategy training improves COP movement (forward-backward, paretic side area, and non-paretic side area) and LOS in stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

The large scale rock falling had occurred on 22nd February, 2007 in the Cheongbuldong valley area of Seoraksan National Park, and the visiting pass had been closed for a while. Similar cases of rock falling have occurred in the latest years according to a great variety of crack, joint, weathering of solid rock and surface water caused by a recent climatic change in the Seoraksan National Park. In this study, rock falling energy was estimated and the movement of rockslide was analysed based on detailed investigation on large scale rockslides occurring at the spot 80 m high from the bottom of the valley. From analysing results, the effective management method for rock falling was proposed. The method could minimized the dangerous factors with no change of natural environment of the National Park.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.533-548
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of balancing interference on the mandibular movement and masticatory muscle activity. 5 subjects(male. average age of 24.3) without dysfuction in masticatory system were selected. The balancing interference was provided by construction of cast metal crown and onlay on the upper and lower first molars. Clinical examination, changes displacement and velocity, and muscle activity were recorded and analyzed by means of BioPak system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee Wisconsin. USA). The results were as follows ; 1. In clinical examination, various symptoms were reported by all subjects after application of interference. Almost symptoms were subsided after elimination of interference. 2. In the border movements in frontal plane, lateral border movement toward non-interference side was changed according to the interference after application of interference. Immediately after removal of interference, border movements' pattern was recovered as same as before experiment. 3. During gum chewing on the non-interference side, horizontal movement was decreased immediately after application of interference(p<0.05). 1 week after application of interference, horizontal movement was more decreased in 3 subjects and showed a chopping type masticatory stroke. But in 2subjects, horizontal movement was increased to avoid interference. 4. In EMG of the mandibular rest position, no significant changes were showed in the experiment period(p>0.05). 5. During gum chewing on the interference side, the activity of opposite temporal muscle was increased immediately after application of interference(p<0.05). 1 week after application of interference. The activity of ipsilateral temporal muscle and left and right masseter muscles was increased (p<0.05). 1 week after elimination of interference, increased muscle activity was recovered about the same level as before experiment. 6. During gum chewing on the non-interference side, 1 week after application of interference, the activity of ipsilateral temporal muscle was increased (p<0.05). 1 week after elimination of interference. increased muscle activity was returned about the same level as before experiment.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.19
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• pp.125-153
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• 2002

Because most of feminist researches on the media have been primarily concerned with women's roles and representations in main scream mass media, women's media as alternative media remain remarkably understudied. Thus this study explores women's media in relation to women's movement during the period of US military Government in Korea. There were five women's newspapers which were means of women's movement in this period. However, failing to attract enough appropriate revenues and resort to fund-raising, women's newspapers could nor be published a long time. And women's newspapers as means of women's movement had the defects in women's representations because women's movement lacked a certain degree of autonomy from the male-dominated political activities. In other words, women's newspapers maintained women's participation in political areas, but on the other hand they emphasized the women's role as mother and housewife.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.11
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• pp.2131-2137
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• 2008

In this paper, COP (center of pressure) during quiet standing and squat-and-stand movement was analyzed to compare the postural control of young and elderly subjects with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects (10 males: $21.8{\pm}2.6yrs$, 10 females: $20.4{\pm}0.3yrs$) and the elderly subjects (8 males: $75.5{\pm}4yrs$, 8 females: $72.3{\pm}3.5yrs$). Analysis parameters were the mean of the distance between the instantaneous COP and the average COP (COP distance) and the mean of the COP movement velocity (COP velocity) in both AP (anterio-posterior) and ML (media-lateral) directions. During quiet standing, the COP distance in ML direction of elderly females was significantly greater than that of elderly males and the COP velocity of elderly females in both ML and AP direction were significantly greater than those of all the other groups. During squat and stand movement, the COP distance of elderly females was not significantly different with that of the elderly males. However, the COP velocity of elderly females was significantly greater than that of all the other groups. The large lateral weight shift (COP distance) of elderly females during quiet standing may explain their greater fall rate. However, this does not apply to squat-and stand movement. In contrast, COP velocity results show that the elderly females' COP is rapidly trembling compared to that of elderly males during both quiet standing and squat and-stand movement. This results suggest that rapid trembling or postural sway may reflect the reduced postural control ability and the risk of falling.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.383-394
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effect of change of body posture on the rest position and the rotational torque movement of the mandible. Thirty dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and with natural dentition were selected for this study. Cervical inclination and the amount of the mandibular movement on protrusion, on left and right excursion, and on tapping in three body postures such as sitting position, supine position without pillow, and supine position with pillow were measured by goniometer, Cervical-Range-of-$Motion^{(R)}$, and mandibular tracking device, $BioEGN^{(R)}$ with $Rotate!^{(R)}$ program. The data obtained were classified and processed according to body posture and type of lateral guidance with SPSS windows program and the results were as follows: 1. There was significant difference among the three cervical inclinations by body postures. 2. Comparison of mandibular rest positions among body postures showed significant difference only for lateral distance in frontal plane, but comparison between before and after swallowing showed significant difference except for the lateral distance, vice versa. 3. Distance and amount of the rotational torque movement on protrusion and/or lateral excursions didn't show any difference by body posture. But by both body posture and lateral guidance type, there were slightly significant difference for some items. 4. A significant difference was shown for the rotational torque movement in frontal plane on tapping by body postures, for the lateral distance in frontal plane on sitting position by lateral guidance type, and for the rotational torque movement in frontal plane by both body posture and lateral guidance type.