• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.131-145
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• 1995

This paper presents a method for solving project planning problem which the opinions of experts greatly disagree in each activity processing time. Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are used to represent activity times of experts. And we introduce a pessimistic project planning with major TFNs and an optimistic project planning with minor. TFNs, and illustrate the approach using a combination of the existing composite and the comparison methods, which is used to solve the complex project planning problem.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.22-39
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the school location and site planning direction for land use planning of public land development. And this research proposed the direction of small park in school. So this research present the implication on urban planning and design for architecture, park-school complex. This study perform the relationship analysis on location of school and park. The result follows as this : 1) land use planning : Location and space of park-school must be checked in advance. Schools and parks are placed together. The park is located south of the school. 2) school site planning : Small field for dynamic activity is needed in school. The character of small park in school is relationship of educational programs. 3) management : CCTV is installed at school. Bright lights are placed in school. This result will be used in decision-making-process of land use planning, public land development construction, urban design and city policy.

• 국토계획
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of neighborhood sports activity facilities on the exercise time and subjective health level using the National Sport Participation Survey data(2013-2015) in Seoul, Korea. We conducted path analysis including exercise time, subjective health level and various environmental factors. From the survey data, we extracted individual's characteristics including subjective health and exercise time. In addition, we calculated physical environment variables of neighborhood units. The results of this study are as follow. First, most of moderating variables such as gender, age, income and job showed expected relationships with exercise time or subjective health level. Second, the perceived level regarding neighborhood sports facilities such as public sports facilities had a strong positive association with exercise time and subjective health level. Third, the area of public sports facility, neighborhood park and the number of schools had positive effects on the exercise time and subjective health level. Lastly, land use mix and the number of intersections showed a positive effects on exercise time. To sum up, the results indicated that public sports facility, neighborhood park and perceived environment on neighborhood sports facility are critical factors of residents' exercise time and subjective health level.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.359-366
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• 2013

Although many research efforts have been conducted to address the effect of crew members' work skills (e.g., technical and planning skills) on work performance (e.g., work duration and quality) in construction projects, the relationship between skill and performance has generated a great deal of controversy in the field of management (Inkpen and Crossan 1995). This controversy can lead to under- or over-estimations of the overall project schedule, and can make it difficult for project managers to implement appropriate managerial policies for enhancing project performance. To address this issue, the following aspects need to be considered: (a) work performances are determined not only by individual-level work skill but also by the group-level work skill affected by work team members, each member's role, and any working behavior pattern; (b) work planning has significant effects on to what extent work skill enhances performance; and (c) different types of activities in construction require different types of work, skill, and team composition. This research, therefore, develops a system dynamics (SD) model to analyze the effects of both individual-and group-level (i.e., multi-level) skill on performances by utilizing the advantages of SD in capturing a feedback process and state changes, especially in human factors (e.g., attitude, ability, and behavior). The model incorporates: (a) a multi-level skill evolution and relevant behavior development mechanism within a work group; (b) the interaction among work planning, a crew's skill-learning, skill manifestation, and performances; and (c) the different work characteristics of each activity. This model can be utilized to implement appropriate work planning (e.g., work scope and work schedule) and crew management policies (e.g., work team composition and decision of each worker's role) with an awareness of crew's skill and work performance. Understanding the different characteristics of each activity can also support project managers in applying strategic work planning and crew management for a corresponding activity, which may enhance each activity's performance, as well as the overall project performance.

• 시스템엔지니어링워크숍
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• 통권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2003

In this study, we have analyzed the cost of korea high-speed railway system. The predicted cost in planning phase and adjustment data to 5th year are collected. Then, predicted cost is compared with adjustment in year/item/system base. We make a project history table for criteria to review project history and research & development activity. We have developed CBS(cost breakdown structure) and allocated adjustment data to them. It is shown that cost prediction related to research & development activity in planning phase is relatively correct.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2001

Due to the increasing complexity to handle conflicts and interruptions caused by resource failures and rush orders, shop control is obliged to redesign its organization according to the changing demands of the manufacturing control. These demands are leading to the development of decentralization and gradually to their permanent optimization. As a result, a powerful modeling method which can be adapted efficiently is required. The use of agent theory enables specific modeling of the relevant shop planning activities. The planning activities are modeled in a so-called activity modeling through the definition of three classes of agents; Plan Agent, Manufacturing System Agent and Control Agent as well as the description of the cooperative relationship among these agents. On the basis of the activity model the agent-based shop control method is developed which emphasizes the distributed problem-solving and the cooperation with relevant agents.

• 농촌계획
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

Urban parks are progressing but are in chaos in the twenty-first century. Therefore the purposes of this study are to consider critically and classify the new paradigm of urban parks. Urban parks are one of the space products, and progressing aspects can be divided into three parts; supply, demand and market aspects. In the abstract, urban parks' progress represents process, openness or voidness, general and cultural ecology, productivity, experience program, identity or sense of place, carriers of urban regeneration, urban infrastructure, community space, multi-layered activity, active space, communication with urban space, tool of low carbon strategy and consilience. But urban parks have come under increased criticism about the long period development on trees growth, covering open space, limitation of general and cultural ecology, production, activity programs, identity and community space, visible urban regeneration, economic validity, urban sprawl, not using as the low carbon strategy, and finally negative consilience with contiguous fields. We collected these critical consideration about progressing urban parks, and proposed urban agricultural park as one of the alternative urban parks. This is closely connected with sustainable region development, low-carbon society, local food, well-being, Lohas paradigm and amenity of urban life.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.75-88
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• 1987

The purpose of this survey was to measure the health Service activity of the public Health Nurses and analyze the related factors influencing to their activities. The subjects of this study were 75PHN in Health Centers, Chung Buk area and survey was conducted from 15th, October to 30th, November, 1986. The results of this study were as follows; 1. General characteristics of PHN : $\cdot\;45.3\%$ of total respondents was in 30-39 age group and their average age was 34.9. $\cdot\;85.3\%$ of them were married women. $\cdot$ Their educational level was almost Nursing High School and Nursing College $(98.7)\%$. 2. Total performance average of health service activities was 2.031. Among the 11 health service categories, health service planning (2.859) and administrative service (2.489) were the most active service area. And among the specific activity items about the health service categories, the highest performed activities were. 'record & report' in health service planning (3.333 : mean), 'case finding & enrolling' in prenatal care (2.627), 'examination of health condition; in postnatal care (2.497), 'personal counselling & education' in family planning (2.560) and 'vaccination & personal education' in well-baby care (2.480). 3. There were significant difference between the performed degree of activities in department of Health Center(P<0.01). The highest health service planning activity was performed by the nurses in TB clinic and maternal care activities were carried out by MCH Center nurses. 4. PHNs in MCH Center were more active than the nurses in Health Center, which services were especially maternal and well-baby care. Their total activity score was 2.302 while 1.860 was of the nurses in Health Center. There were significant difference between their activities (P<0.01).

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2019

본 연구는 여의도 한강공원에서 계획과 여가 활동이 만들어낸 공간변화 양상을 알아보고자 한다. 계획, 활동과 공간변화의 관계양상은 기든스의 구조화 이론을 통해 설명하였다. 연구 방법으로는 한강공원 계획서, 도면, 위성자료를 해석하고, 신문기사 자료를 통해 1차적으로 한강의 공간변화과정과 이유를 도출하고 대표적인 여가 활동과 시대상황을 통해 흐름을 확인하였다. 2차적으로 이론 적용을 통해 공간변화의 구조화 모식도를 도출해 냈다. 계획과 여가 활동으로 인한 여의도 한강공원의 공간변화 흐름은 다음과 같다. 1970년대 국회의사당과 아파트 생활환경 때문에 둔치의 체육 공간 필요로 여가 공간이 처음 만들어지고 전체 여가 활동 공간 구상이 있었지만 실현되지 않았다. 1980년대는 종합개발을 통해서 여가 활동공간이 계획으로 마련되었으며, 스포츠와 수상레저, 생활 체육 공간이 실제로 지어졌지만 이용 환경이 슬럼화 되었다. 1990년대는 법제도와 공간 규율, 공간 정비를 수정하면서 다양한 여가 활동이 공간화되었고, 1990년대 후반부터는 계획에 생태적 이슈가 나타났다. 2000년대는 두 번의 계획을 통해서 전반적인 공간 정비가 있었다. 문화, 생태 이슈로 계획이 만들어졌고, 실제 여가 공간은 대규모 활동을 따라 정비가 이루어졌다. 구조화 이론을 적용하여 상호작용, 양식, 구조화에 해당하는 요소를 여의도 한강공원의 여건에 맞추어 공간변화 구조화 과정을 도출하였다. 한강 공간변화 구조는 계획적으로 보았을 때 종합계획, 개별 공간변화가 미치는 영향이 비슷하게 나타났고, 공간의 흐름 면을 봤을 때는 종합계획은 관행적인 공공의 사업, 대규모의 활동 변화에 영향을 받았고, 개별 공간변화는 이용자의 활동과 의견에 많은 영향을 받았지만, 공간의 변화 결과에는 공공과 이용자 모두의 영향이 있었다. 한강의 여가 공간은 구조화이론에서 이야기하는 행위자로 인한 구조화가 반복해서 일어나 변화하고 있는 사회적 공간으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구는 한강 공원의 여가 활동 공간변화를 공간 계획 다양한 층위와 활동, 주체 영향 관계를 통해서 살펴보았다. 본 연구 내용을 통해서 여가 활동 공간을 계획하는데 한강 공원의 특성을 이해할 수 있는 자료로서 활용할 수 있는 연구가 되도록 하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2009

Natural dyes seem to be more profitable on human and environment, and recently they could be considered as a better alternative to synthesized dyes. The aim of the current work was to investigate the dyeing property and antimicrobial activity of commercial cotton fabrics dyed with kumazasa (usually called in japan) which is known as conventional japan bamboo leaves. Actually, the dyeability and antimicrobial property of dyed fabric with natural mordant/dyeing was compared with synthetic mordant/dye process. The results of this study obtained are as follows. The apparently colour of kumazasa leaves extract dyed fabrics showed with light green or slightly yellow-green. In colorfastness to washing, ${\Delta}E$ and K/S values of dyed fabrics with natural chitosan as mordant used was shown to be more excellent results, than was synthetic mordant used. However, the decrease rate was recorded nearly 50% when washing repeated 20 cycles. In result of antimicrobial effect for bacteria, the dyed fabrics didn't show the significant antimicrobial activity to the both dyed with and without mordant. Results of this investigation considered that low-cost, natural, bio-mordant are relatively effective in natural coloration.