• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.220-231
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• 2022

Building smart transportation services in urban cities has become a worldwide problem owing to the rapidly increasing global population and the development of Internet-of-Things applications. Traffic congestion and environmental concerns can be alleviated by sharing mobility, which reduces the number of vehicles on the road network. The taxi-parcel sharing problem has been considered as an efficient planning model for people and goods flows. In this paper, we enhance the functionality of a current people-parcel taxi sharing model. The adapted model analyzes the historical request data and predicts the current service demands. We then propose two novel online routing algorithms that construct optimal routes in real-time. The objectives are to maximize (as far as possible) both the parcel delivery requests and ride requests while minimizing the idle time and travel distance of the taxis. The proposed online routing algorithms are evaluated on instances adapted from real Cabspotting datasets. After implementing our routing algorithms, the total idle travel distance per day was 9.64% to 12.76% lower than that of the existing taxi-parcel sharing method. Our online routing algorithms can be incorporated into an efficient smart shared taxi system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2024

Due to the complexity of urban area, the city vehicle routing problem has been a difficult problem. The problem has involved factors such as parking availability, road conditions, and traffic congestion, all of which increase transportation costs and delivery times. To resolve this problem, one effective solution can be the use of parcel lockers located near customer sites, where products are stored for customers to pick up. When a vehicle delivers products to a designated parcel locker, customers in the vicinity must pick up their products from that locker. Recently, identifying optimal locations for these parcel lockers has become an important research issue. This paper addresses the parcel locker location problem within the context of urban traffic congestion. By considering dynamic environmental factors, we propose a Markov decision process model to tackle the city vehicle routing problem. To ensure more real situations, we have used optimal paths for distances between two nodes. Numerical results demonstrate the viability of our model and solution strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.509-516
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• 2017

In cadastral surveying, there are problems that no area error is allowed where numerical surveying is carried out, and allowable area error is specified irrespective of parcel shape where graphic surveying is carried out. In this research, we derived a general formula of parcel area error necessary for grasping these two problems. The calculations using the derived formula showed that where the coordinate error of the boundary point is set to 5cm+10ppm practically, then even a small parcel of $100 m^2$ includes non-negligible area error of $0.71m^2$. And, it is found that the area error specified by the current egulation is based on a rectangular parcel of 1:5 aspect ratio. These results show that the area error of polygon parcel can be determined by a single formula by specifying the coordinate error of the boundary points, and can be used to revise the current regulations that can be applied uniformly regardless of surveying methods.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2017

This paper presents a sequentially combined method of determining location conditions, the number of unmanned parcel service box and their optimal locations. First of all, block, accessibility and main public facilities are considered as location conditions and then set-covering model and p-median model are adopted for deciding the number of unmanned parcel service box and optimal locations, respectively. A case study for a region composed of small housings and multiplex housings in Ansan is conducted to prove the validation and application of the proposed method. The result indicates that 2 unmanned parcel service boxes are necessary in specific public places. The research contributes to resonable choice of unmanned parcel service boxes, crime reduction relevant to delivery man impersonation and economic benefit due to parcel service industry growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.65-75
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• 2010

The objective of this paper is to quantify economic values of parcel service attributes (safety, reliability, quickness, and kindness and customer service) using the contingent choice method and to investigate impact factors (such as sex, age, and education), which influence choice of desirable parcel services. As empirical results, the marginal willingness-to-pay for multiple attributes of parcel service is calculated as about 2,349.6 KRW for the safety attribute, about 829.3 KRW for the reliability attribute, about 588.5 KRW for the quickness attribute, and about 358.8 KRW for the kindness and customer service attribute, according to the estimation model without covariates. The overall results indicate that the safety attribute ranks highest among parcel service attributes, followed by the reliability attribute, quickness attribute, and kindness and customer service attribute. These results can be useful in the decision-making process for establishing desirable pricing policies for parcel service.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

The Legal Floor Area Ratio (L-FAR) has been used as a major urban planning tool for efficient management of land use, landscape, and density. The Developed Floor Area Ratio (D-FAR) in each parcel is realized by such physical and institutional factors as urban tissue, local characteristics, and zoning with the L-FAR. The Achieved Floor Area Ratio (A-FAR), the ratio of the D-FAR to the L-FAR, is the relationship between realized density and the intended/desired outcomes of the regulations. The A-FAR informs the efficiency of L-FAR and its effect on parcels, and is an indicator of the demands of real estate developments under the zoning regulation. This study used detailed data of each parcel's characteristics, including parcel size, road width, and the number of roads bordered by a parcel, to identify the influencing factors on A-FAR. This analysis confirmed that the parcel size has a non-linear negative effect in the residential zone but a linear positive effect on A-FAR in the commercial zone. The width of the parcel's frontage in the commercial zone has a positive effect on the value, while in the residential zone the narrower width has higher A-FAR. In Seoul, the residential zone has higher A-FAR than the commercial zone, which means that the former has a relatively higher development pressure but a lower designated L-FAR. This result reflects that Seoul's residential zone absorbs the demand of commercial uses because of the significant permitting of mixed land use and has high-density residential buildings.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

Cadastral map is a public book that has been composed by continuous parcel having location, number, classification, boundary and an area based on Cadastral Law. A few years ago, cadastral map had been managed by form drawn on 2 dimension plane paper with 7 regular scales. Recently as computer systems are upgrading, cadastral map was able to have a chance to develope one step. Its type has been remade from raster to vector. In result, the cadastral map of vector type becomes to apply variously. Therefore, digital cadastral map has been ready a system to be use with multi-propose by KLIS(Korean Land Information System). In this research, it concretely want presentation of status using land more than original parcel on basic coordination cadastral map and KLIS(Korean Land Information System). The cadastral map is composed as parcel unit was applied by new presentation technique to "Model Research on One Parcel Presentation Technique for Land Status of Cadastral Map". The function of cadastral map on One Parcel Presentation Technique which is not only location relation of possession right and expression of states using land in 28 classifications demonstrated on the cadastral law but also used as foundation data of GIS construct business is developed by lines and classification of parcel to center around public sites of roads, rails, drains and rivers. especially, this research is composed of technique elevation and development of One Parcel Projection Technique of cadastral map in using object of roads among public sites.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2015

Shock and vibration inputs are transmitted from the transporting vehicle through the packaging to the fruit during the parcel delivery service. The vibration causes sustained bouncing of fruits against each other and the container wall. The steady state vibration input may cause serous fruit injury, and the damage is particularly severe if the fruits are bounced at its resonance frequency. The determination of the resonance frequencies of the fruits and vegetables may help the packaging designer to determine the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruits, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of the fruits when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. To analyze the vibration properties of the apples for optimum packaging design during transportation for parcel delivery service, random vibration tests were carried out. In the random vibration test, the resonance frequency and PSD of the apples in packaging system for parcel delivery service in the test were in the range of 13 to 99 Hz and $0.0143{\sim}0.0923G^2/Hz$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.2 s.73
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• pp.7-18
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• 2004

This study aims to present the establishment and necessity of the proper market segmentation by customer preference. In this study, benefit segmentation method was employed using conjoint analysis to measure price elasticity by segmented groups. It presents that the price elasticity is different by characteristic of customers using parcel service in this result. Benefit segmentation, therefore, may use some useful marketing tool when a parcel service company segments the market to provide better service.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2002

Lands along the coast may be submerged in high water because of erosion by sea water, collapsing by itself, excavation by animals, and by tidal movement. From a cadastral point of view, some mistakes in registering a parcel located along the coast may cause the parcel to seem to be collapsed. Therefore, geological, physical oceanographic, and cadastral and topographic investigation are necessary to verify that the submerged land in high water collapsed after it was registered. This paper presents a cadastral and topographic investigation for proving a parcel has collapsed under the sea after registered. In this study, cadastral records and the boundary on cadastral maps were examined carefully to find any errors in them. If the topographic maps were drawn when the parcel was registered, it is good proof of topography of the land at that time. Topographic maps drawn recently were compared to those in the 1900s and in 1970s. In conclusion, cadastral records and maps as well as topographic maps play an important role in proving whether lands along the coast were collapsed or not.