• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 1996

Parathyroid hormone(PTH) is known to stimulate bone resorption and to inhibit bone collagen synthesis. In contrast, as the evidence of stimulation of bone formation by PTH has recently been observed, the study on the role of PTH involved in osteoporosis draws remarkable attention. This study has dealt with the role of alkaline phoshatase(AP), a marker enzyme for bone formation and osteoblast action, Animals(BALS/cmice) were divided into three dietary groups(high and medium Ca and Ca-free) and hormones including PTH, calcitonin(CT), cholecalciferol(citamin D) were i.p. injected. AP in the serum and liver was measured using Sigma 221 alkaline buffer solutions containing 9mM of p-nitrophenyl phoshate. Enzume was reacted at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes and the reaction was stopped by 1.8ml of 0.1N NaOH and measured at 410nm. We found that serum and liver AP activity was increased by low dietary Ac. Compared to the control, and serum Ap activity was enhanced by PTH and vitamin D regardless of the dietary Ca. On the other hand, liver AP activity was inhibited by OTH and vitamin D at all levels of dietary Ca. CT inhibited the action of PTH and vitamin D in the serum. But, the inhibition of PTH and vitamin D action by CT was not observed in the liver, unlike in the case of serum.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.572-581
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 67 PHPT patients (22 men, 45 women; mean age, 56.0 ± 16.3 years; range, 18-83 years) from January 2015 to December 2018. The laboratory data, including the serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, were evaluated before MWA and again 2 hours, 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months after. Results: Complete ablation was achieved with all 72 hyperplastic parathyroid glands found on the 67 patients enrolled, 64 of whom were treated in one session and 3 were treated over two sessions. The technical success rate was 100%. The median follow-up time was 13.6 months (range, 10.0-31.1 months). The clinical success rate was 89.4%. The volume reduction rate was 79.4% at 6 months. Compared to pre-MWA, the serum iPTH, calcium, phosphorus, and ALP levels had significantly improved 6 months post-MWA (iPTH, 157.3 pg/mL vs. 39.2 pg/mL; calcium, 2.75 ± 0.25 mmol/L vs. 2.34 ± 0.15 mmol/L; phosphorus, 0.86 ± 0.20 mmol/L vs. 1.12 ± 0.22 mmol/L; ALP, 79 U/L vs. 54 U/L, respectively; all, p < 0.01). Hoarseness was a major complication in 4 patients (6.0%), but it improved spontaneously within 2-3 months. Conclusion: MWA is safe, feasible, and effective for the treatment of PHPT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2022

The initial co-transport and counter-transport permeate transport characteristics of calcium ion at epithelial cell membrane model in parathyroid which irradiated by high energy x-ray(linac 6 MV) was investigated. The epithelial cell membrane model used in this experiment was a polysulfonated copolymerized membrane of poly(PS-DVB: polystyrene-divinylbenzene). The difference of sorbed water in membrane, fixed carrier concentration(SO₃^2-), initial pH value, OH^- concentration were occurred at difference of Ca²⁺concentration and quantity of parathyroid hormone, respectively. The initial co-transport and counter-transport permeate flux of Cl^-, OH^-, Ca²⁺ on fixed carrier concentration(SO₃^2-) and initial pH value of irradiated membrane was found to be decreased than non-irradiated membrane. The initial co-transport and counter-transport permeate flux of Ca²⁺ on fixed carrier concentration (SO₃^2-), initial pH value, OH^- concentration in irradiated membrane were found to be decreased about 2.68 ~ 6.87 times, about 1.42 ~ 1.63 times, about 2.07 ~ 1.672 times than non-irradiated membrane, respectively. As a result, the quantity of parathyroid hormone was decreased at irradiated membrane than non-irradiated membrane. The decrease of parathyroid hormone was occurred at hypoparathyroidism and osteoporosis, parathyroiditis, and so on. As the parathyroid hormone in epithelial cell membrane model were abnormal, cell damages were appeared at cell.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.737-748
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• 1995

Osteoblast(OBL) cells were isolated from ICR Swiss neonatal mouse calvarial tissues and cultured in a CO2 incubator with minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 0.25g BSA. The cells were cultured for 7 days and were treated with bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH, 1-34) and calcitonin(CT). Enzyme activities related to mineral metabolism and other biochemical actions within the bone cells including protein phosphorylation were investigated. In other experiments using cultured calvarial bone tissues, hormones were treated for 24, 48, 72 or 96 hours. The activities of $\beta$-glucuronidase enzymes involved in bone collagen synthesis and mineral deposits were increased by 8% with bPTH and were inhibited with CT treatment, while those were 67% increase treated with bPTH and CT together. On the other hand, alkaline phophatase(AP) activities were inhibited by PTH hormone at all the time courses observed. Protein phosphorylation reaction in OBL was mediated by bPTH, cAMP and ionized Ca. Phosphorylation was observed in different cell fractions including homogenate, membrane and cytosol. The number of proteins phosphorylated by PTH, cAMP, and Ca were 10, 5, and 9, respectively. Most of the protein kinases(PKs) were existed in cytosolic compartment. In membrane fractions, two bPTH-dependent-PKs (70K, 50K Da) were observed of which 70K Da protein was also Ca-dependent. Most of the cAMP-dependent PKs were regulated via bPTH. 70K, 50K, 5K, 19K, 16K, 10.5K phosphoproteins regulated by Ca share the same pathways as those by bPTH-dependent proteins. Ca seems to regulate PK activities differently from cAMP.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-70
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• 1986

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is known to exert its effects on bone cells through the mediation of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Orthodontic forces have also been shown to alter the cAMP content of paradental cells, particularly the alveolar bone osteoblasts. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether a combined orthodontic treatment-PTH administration regimen would have an additive effect on cAMP content in paradental cells in sites of periodontal ligament (PDL) tension. Seven groups of 4 one year old female cats each were treated for 1,3,6,12,24 h, 7 and 14 d by tipping one maxillary canine. PTH was administered twice daily, 30u/kg. Maxillary horizontal sections were stained immunohistochemically for cAMP and the degree of cellular staining intensity was determined microphotometrically as per cent light transmittance at 600nm. Alveolar bone osteoblasts, progenitor cells, PDL fibroblasts and cementoblasts in tenion sites were measured and the data were analyzed statistically by a mixed model analysis of variance. PTH administration increased the cAMP staining of nonorthodontically treated paradental cells in comparison to cells untreated by force or hormone. Cells in PDL tension sites of PTH-treated cats demonstrated significantly darker cAMP staining than cells in non-orthodontically-treated sites. Osteoblasts demonstrated the greatest response in terms of cAMP elevation, while in PDL fibroblasts orthodontic force did not increase cAMP levels above those measured in non-stretched hormonally-treated cells. These results demonstrate that PTH increases cAMP levels in paradental cells, particullarly in osteoblasts, and that the effects of PTH and orthodontic forces on paradental target cells may approach additivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.677-684
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• 1999

This study has dealt the effect of Ca regulating hormones and dietary Ca levels on Ca metabolism. Animals(BALB/c mice) were divided into three dietary groups(high and medium Ca and Ca free) and hormones including parathyroid hormone(PTH), calcitonin(CT), cholecalciferol(Vit D) were i.p. injected. After feeding experimental diets for five weeks, mice were anaethetized and sacrificed by heart puncture. We found that femur growth of mouse was slightly increased by high dietary Ca without showing statistical significance comparing to low dietary Ca group. The combination of PTH and CT showed the same effect when dietary Ca was high. At the same time, total mineral retention in bone was most affected by dietary Ca. In general, high Ca diet elevated Ca level in the serum. When dietary Ca was low, PTH stimulated Ca release from the bone into the serum, which was shown to be inhibited by CT treatment. Comparing to the control, PTH, Vit D and CT together tended to inhibit serum Ca level at high and medium dietary Ca. PTH and Vit D inhibited Ca reserve in the liver at all dietary levels of Ca. Both PTH and Vit D stimulated bone Ca retention when dietary Ca was low, but this effect was reversed when dietary Ca was high. When PTH, Vit D and CT were administered together, bone Ca level was greatly enhanced at low dietary Ca than at high dietary Ca, which suggests that these hormonal cooperation is needed for proper bone density maintenance especially when dietary minerals are not sufficient.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 1999

The relationship between acute pancreatitis and hyperparathyroidism has been described extensively in the past. Despite the rarity, the clinical progression of pancreatitis associated with hyperparathyroidism has been known to be so rapid and severe that it may cause death. When, furthermore, the pancreatitis is caused by hyperparathyroidism, the recovery from disease can be hardly expected unless the hyperparathyroidism is corrected. We present a case of acute pancreatitis in a 68-year-old man that have been caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. The clues of hyperparathyrodism were hypercalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone, but he showed subtle or negative symptoms of hypercalcemia. After the excision of parathyroid adenoma, serum calcium level returned to normal and the symptoms and function of pancreas were recovered.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.494-502
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• 2018

Objective : The loosening of pedicle screws (PS) is one of the frequent problems of spinal surgery in the patients with osteoporosis. Previous studies had revealed that intermittent injection of teriparatide could reduce PS loosening by improving bone mass and quality when their patients took parathyroid hormone for a considerable duration before surgery. However, although the teriparatide is usually used after spine surgery in most clinical situations, there was no report on the efficacy of teriparatide treatment started after spine surgery. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the efficacy of teriparatide treatment started immediately after lumbar spinal surgery to prevent pedicle screw loosening in patients with osteoporosis. Methods : We included 84 patients with osteoporosis and degenerative lumbar disease who underwent transforaminal interbody fusion and PS fixation and received parathyroid hormone or bisphosphonate (BP) postoperatively. They were divided into teriparatide group (daily injection of $20{\mu}g$ of teriparatide for 6 months, 33 patients, 172 screws) and BP group (weekly oral administration of 35 mg of risedronate, 51 patients, 262 screws). Both groups received calcium (500 mg/day) and cholecalciferol (1000 IU/day) together. The screw loosening was evaluated with simple radiographic exams at 6 and 12 months after the surgery. We counted the number of patients with PS loosening and the number of loosened PS, and compared them between the two groups. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) preoperatively, and at 12 months after surgery. Results : There was no significant difference in the age, sex, diabetes, smoking, bone mineral density, body mass index, and the number of fusion levels between the two groups. The number of PS loosening within 6 months after surgery did not show a significant difference between the teriparatide group (6.9%, 12/172) and the BP group (6.8%, 18/272). However, during 6-12 months after surgery, it was significantly lower in the teriparatide group (2.3%, 4/172) than the BP group (9.2%, 24/272) (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of patients showing PS loosening between the teriparatide and BP groups. The teriparatide group showed a significantly higher degree of improvement of the bone mineral density (T-score) than that of BP group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the pre- and post-operative VAS and ODI between the groups. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the teriparatide treatment starting immediately after lumbar spinal fusion surgery could reduce PS loosening compared to BP.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2015

Purpose: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy has drawn attention, as an alternative to anti-resorptive drugs since PTH accelerates bone density by anabolic action. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of intermittent PTH administration on jaw bones of rat undergone bilateral ovariectomy. Materials and Methods: Nine female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. PTH group was ovariectomized (OVX) to induce osteoporosis and PTH $30{\mu}g/kg$ was administered 1 week after the surgery. In OVX group, ovariectomy was performed and only vehicle was administered by subcutaneous injection 3 times per week. Control group was subjected to sham surgery. The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after the surgery and specimens were obtained from ilium and upper and lower jaw bones. Histological investigation was carried out by using an optical microscope and micro-computed tomography was taken to examine structural property changes in each bone sample. Result: In the ilium, the bone volume ratio (bone volume/total volume, BV/TV) of PTH, OVX and control groups was $53.75%{\pm}7.57%$, $50.61%{\pm}12.89%$, $76.20%{\pm}5.92%$ (P=0.061) and bone mineral density (BMD) was $1.12{\pm}0.09$, $0.88{\pm}0.48$, $1.38{\pm}0.07g/cm^3$ (P=0.061). In the mandible, BV/TV of PTH, OVX and control groups was $64.60%{\pm}12.17%$, $58.26%{\pm}9.63%$, $67.54%{\pm}14.74%$(P=0.670) and BMD was $1.21{\pm}0.17$, $1.19{\pm}0.13$, $1.27{\pm}0.18g/cm^3$ (P=0.587). In the maxilla, BV/TV of PTH, OVX and control groups was $61.19%{\pm}8.92%$, $52.50%{\pm}11.22%$, $64.60%{\pm}12.17%$ (P=0.430) and BMD was $1.20{\pm}0.11$, $1.11{\pm}0.16$, $1.21{\pm}0.17g/cm^3$ (P=0.561). No statistically significant difference was found in any variables in all groups. Histological observation revealed that the ilium in OVX group demonstrated sparsely formed trabecular bones compared with other groups. However, upper and lower trabecular bones did not present significant differences. Conclusion: Intermittent administration of PTH appears to affect the microstructure of rat jaw bones, but statistical significance was not found. However, the measurements in this study partly implicated the possible anabolic effect of PTH in vivo.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2020

Purpose: Dental implant-associated medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw has been frequently reported in patients administered bisphosphonates (BPs) to prevent osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on peri-implant bone in the maxillae of ovariectomized rats systemically administered BPs. Methods: Thirty 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The OVX-ZP group included ovariectomized rats administered 60 ㎍/kg of zoledronate once a week for 6 weeks and 30 ㎍/kg PTH after implant installation. The OVX-Z group included ovariectomized rats administered 60 ㎍/kg of zoledronate once a week for 6 weeks and saline after implant installation, and the control group included rats that underwent a sham operation and were then administered saline. Rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after implant placement for histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (CT) analyses. Results: The average bone area percentage was greater in the OVX-ZP group than in the OVX-Z group (53.4%±4.0% vs. 28.9%±9.5%, P=0.01). The bone-to-implant contact ratio was 50.8%±1.4% in the OVX-ZP group and 16.9%±2.4% in the OVX-Z group (P=0.012). The average bone volume ratio as shown on micro-CT was 31.3%±19.8% in the OVX-ZP group and 19.4%±9.3% in the OVX-Z group (P=0.045). The OVX-ZP and OVX-Z groups displayed similar trabecular thickness (0.06±0.004 mm vs. 0.06±0.002 mm) (P>0.05) and trabecular separation (0.21±0.02 mm vs. 0.29±0.13 mm) (P>0.05). However, the number of trabeculae in the OVX-ZP group was significantly higher than that in the OVX-Z group (4.3±1.33/㎣ vs. 2.2±0.19/㎣) (P=0.024). Conclusions: The present findings indicate that intermittently-administered PTH can promote peri-implant bone formation and suggest that PTH administration may aid in effective treatment for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental implantation.