• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.814-817
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• 2004

It is a challenging task to make the paraplegic to walk with out the assist of the caregiver. So, we have developed various type of gait orthosis for paraplegic during the five years lately. The purpose of this study ultimately is energy consumption test of serveral type gait orthosis for developing the high efficiency gait orthosis. From the experimental results, the oxygen consumption rate were 6.9$\pm$3.3ml/kg in RGO gait, 5.3$\pm$1.3ml/kg in PGO, and 6.2$\pm$3ml/kg in HGO gait. The maximum hip flexion angle were 16$^{\circ}$ in RGO , 15$^{\circ}$ in PGO, and 47.5$^{\circ}$. in HGO. As a result It was found that. Hybrid Gait Orthosis need high energy consumption more than PGO for walking, but it is small weight and strengthened muscle.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2001년도 Bulletin of The 5th Asian Design Conference International Symposium on Design Science
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• pp.7.1-7
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• 2001

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop the FSR sensor suit that controls walking assist device for paraplegic patients. The FSR sensor suit was to detect user's intent and patterns for walking by measuring pressure on the palm and the sole of user's foot. It consisted of four modules: sensing pressure from palm, changing modes and detecting pressure on the palm/at the wrist, sensing pressure from the soles of user's foot, and host module that transmit FSR data obtained from sensing modules to PC. Sensing modules were connected to sensing pads which detect analog signals obtained from the palm or the sole of foot. These collect signals from the target regions, convert analog signals into digital signals, and transmit the final signals to host module via zigbee modules. Finally, host modules transmit the signals to host PC via zigbee modules. The study findings showed that forces measured at the palm when using a stick reflected user's intent to walk and forces at the sole of the user's foot revealed signals detecting walking state.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1361-1362
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• 2010

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2008

The aim of this study ultimately is verifying that PGO gait is more efficient than RGO fur paraplegics because the air muscle assists hip flexion power in heel off movement. The gait characteristics of the paraplegic wearing the PGO or RGO are compared with that of a normal person. PGO with air muscles was used to analyze the walking of patients with lower-limb paralysis, and the results showed that the hip joint flexion and pelvic tilt angle decreased in PGO. In comparison to RGO gait, which is propelled by the movements of the back, PGO uses air muscles, which decreases the movement in the upper limb from a stance phase rate of 79$\pm$4%(RGO) to 68$\pm$8%. The energy consumption rate was 8.65$\pm$3.3 (ml/min/Kg) for RGO, while it decreased to 7.21t2.5(ml/min/Kg) for PGO. The results from this study show that PGO decreases energy consumption while providing support for patients with lower-limb paralysis, and it is helpful in walking for extended times.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2002

One of the most common problems in cord injury is pressure sores. In the early stage of pressure sores, the wound can be covered by advancing or transpositioning a local myocutaneous flap. However, it can be a great challenge to treat end-stage paraplegic patient who underwent multiple prior flaps, where continuous treatment is needed to prevent recurrent pressure sore due to infection and metabolic drain. In these patients, a local myocutaneous flap may be very difficult for coverage of the wounds. Therefore, hemipelvectomy may be considered. The authors performed a hemipelvectomy on a 33 year-old male paraplegic patient who presented with multiple, large wounds seen in end-stage pressure sores. He had a compression fracture of the lumber spine 9 years ago during a motor vehicle accident. After a wide exicision of the wound, the anterior flap was used as a fillet-flap for reconstruction. On the sixth day postoperatively, secondary repair was done due to wound dehiscence and the postoperative results have been satisfactory thus far.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2005

This study was designed to apply the stimulation system developed in our laboratory to investigate how the stimulation conditions affect the muscle contractile characteristics in the isometric condition as well as during the FES standing/walking. Four paraplegic and ten healthy subjects participated in this study, and their knee extensors were voluntary contracted or electrically stimulated to measure the muscle force and the fatigue index for different waveforms of the pulse train. We also investigated different combinations of the electrode positions during standing/walking. It was confirmed that continuous and high-frequency stimulation causes faster fatigue than intermittent and low-frequency stimulation. Fatigue resistance was higher around the optimal muscle length than at a stretched position in healthy subjects, whereas the opposite was observed in paralyzed subjects. The paired t-test results with the level of significance at 0.01 indicated that the sinusoidal waveform generated the largest torque among the four typical waveforms. Although statistically not very significant, the sinusoidal waveform also generated, in general, the highest fatigue resistance at an intensity level below the supramaximal stimulation. One of the paraplegic subject who participated in the standing/walking program can now stand up for 1 minute and 50 seconds with the knee extensors, and walk for about 5 minutes at the speed of 12m/sec.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.32-43
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• 1996

The purpose of this case study was to introduce functional electrical stimulation(FES) for paraplegic patients. FES provides the ability to rise from sitting to standing, maintenance of a standing position, and the ability to walk with a reciprocal gait. Six channels of electrical stimulation are sufficient for synthesis of a simple reciprocal gait pattern in these patients. During the double-stance phase, knee extensor muscles of both knees are stimulated, providing sufficient support for the body. Only one knee extensor muscle group is excited during the single-stance phase. The swing phase of the contralateral lower extremity is accomplished by eliciting the synergic flexor muscle response through electrical stimulation of afferent nerves. The transition from the double-stance phase to the swing phase is controlled by two hand switches used by the therapist or built into the handles of the walking frame for using by the patient. A twenty-five years old male was with a T9/T9 spinal cord injury due to a traffic accident and admitted to Yonsei Rehabilitation Hospital for comprehensive treatment. After 30 days of training using the Parastep(R) he was able to stand for 10 minutes. After 43 days, he was able to walk and at discharged he could walk for 100 meters.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 1994

In this paper, a DSP and microcomputer-based EMG controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) system, for restoring walking of paraplegics at the patients' own command, is presented. The above-lesion EMG is a time-varying nonstationary signal and its autoregressive (AR) parameters are identified by the nonstationary identification algorithm using a DSP chip. The identified AR parameters are used for the cloassification of the function and the control of the movement. The below-lesion response-EMG signal is used as a measure of muscle fatigue. This FES system is designed to measure muscle fatigue and control the stimulation intensity according to the amplitude of the response-EMG signal. While the automatic electrical intensity control is obtained by identifying the movement, the proposed FES system is suitable for the automatic control of paraplegic walking.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

목적 : 본 연구에서는 초기 마비환자 유형별 나타나는 신체조성 성분의 변화를 통한 생리학적 변화를 관찰하고 비교하여 재활치료 시행 전과 치료 중의 신체조성 성분의 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법 : 일부지역 대학의 남 녀 각 20명씩 편마비와 하지마비 모델로 구성하여 2011년 6월에 연구를 실시하였다. 마비 유형별 제작은 장애 체험복을 이용하였고 신체 조성의 성분 측정을 위한 도구는 체조성계를 사용하였다. 실험은 하루 동안 일상생활활동 수행 전, 후를 비교하였다. 일상생활활동 수행은 실내 외 이동, 일상적인 일(수업, 식사 등)로 구성하여 실시하였다. 사전에 동질성 검사를 실시하였고 대상자의 수에 대한 정규성 검사를 실시하였고 편마비와 하지마비의 사전 사후 신체조성 성분을 마비별 검사에서는 대응표본 T 검정을 실시하였으며 편마비와 하지마지의 사후 신체조성 성분 비교에서는 독립표본 T 검정을 실시하였다. 결과 : 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 편마비와 하지마비 모델간의 일상생활활동 전의 동질성 검사에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 편마비 모델의 일상생활활동 전 후의 생리적 변화 비교에서는 체수분, 기초 대사량에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 하지마비 모델의 일상생활활동 전 후의 생리적 변화 비교에서는 체수분, 기초 대사량에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 넷째, 편마비와 하지마비 모델간의 일상생활활동 후의 생리적 변화 비교에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 마비환자는 유형에 관계없이 초기에 체수분량과 기초 대사량이 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 치료사들은 마비 환자들은 치료 전과 치료 중에 이러한 생리학적 변화가 발생함을 인지하고 체수분과 기초 대사량의 저하로 인한 이차적 질환 유발의 예방이 필요하다.