• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2012

UV-irradiation is a major factor of photo-aged skin, by which pigmentation, wrinkles and laxity are increased. In addition, the epidermal barrier is disrupted, ultimately causing dryness in photo-aged skin. As an effort to search dietary sources for improving the dryness of UV irradiated skin, the dietary effect of red ginseng based functional foods on the epidermal level of ceramides, a major lipid maintaining epidermal barrier, was determined in this study. Albino hairless mice were fed either a control diet [group UV (UV-irradiated control)] or diets with 0.5% (group M0.5) or 1% (group M1.0) of red ginseng extracts mixed with Torilis fructus and Corni fructus (66.7% red ginseng) in parallel with UV irradiation for 5 wks. A normal control group (group C) was fed a control diet without UV irradiation for 5 wks. The epidermal level of ceramides in group UV was significantly lower than that in group C, in which ceramidase, an enzyme involved in ceramide degradation, was highly expressed. In group M0.5, the epidermal level of ceramide was significantly increased to the level even higher than in group C. In addition, protein expression of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), a key enzyme involved in de novo ceramide synthesis, was increased in group M0.5. However the epidermal levels of ceramides as well as of ceramidase protein expression in group M1.0 did not differ from those in group UV. In conclusion, we demonstrate that dietary supplementation of red-ginseng extracts mixed with Torilis fructus and Corni fructus at a level of 0.5% level in diet increased the epidermal level of ceramides coupled with the elevated expression of SPT protein.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2006

타원곡선 암호 시스템에서 유한체 연산은 핵심적인 부분을 차지하고 있지만 곱셈의 경우 연산 과정이 복잡하여 이를 위한 효율적인 알고리즘 및 하드웨어 설계가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 매우 큰 소수 m을 가지는 $GF(2^m)$상에서 효율적인 면적과 연산시간을 갖는 Radix-4 시스톨릭 곱셈기를 제안한다. 제안된 유한체 곱셈기는 표준기저 방식을 사용하였으며 수학적 정리를 통해 보다 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안하고 이를 VLSI 설계에 적합하도록 시스톨릭 구조를 이용하여 설계하였다. 제안된 구조는 기존의 병렬 곱셈기 및 직렬 곱셈기, 시스톨릭 곱셈기와 비교해서 효율적인 면적과 연산 시간을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 $GF(2^{193})$에서 동작하는 유한체 곱셈기를 설계하였으며, 하이닉스 $0.35{\mu}m$ 표준 셀 라이브러리를 사용하여 합성한 결과 최대 동작 주파수는 400MHz이다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2007

타원곡선 암호 시스템에서 유한체 연산은 핵심적인 부분을 차지하고 있지만 나눗셈 연산의 경우 연산 과정이 복잡하여 이를 위한 효율적인 알고리즘 및 하드웨어 설계가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 매우 큰 소수 m을 가지는 $GF(2^m)$상에서 효율적인 면적과 연산시간을 갖는 Radix-4 시스톨릭 나눗셈기를 제안한다. 제안된 유한체 나눗셈기는 유클리드 알고리즘과 표준기저 방식을 사용하였다. 수학적 정리를 통한 효율적인 알고리즘과 Radix-4에 맞는 새로운 카운터 구조를 제안하였고 이를 VLSI 설계에 적합하도록 시스톨릭 구조를 이용하여 설계하였다. 제안된 구조는 기존의 병렬 및 직렬 나눗셈기, Digit-serial 시스톨릭 나눗셈기와 비교해서 효율적인 면적과 연산 시간을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 $GF(2^{193})$에서 동작하는 유한체 나눗셈기를 설계하였으며, 동부아남 $0.18{\mu}m$ 표준 셀 라이브러리를 사용하여 합성한 결과 최대 동작 주파수는 400MHz이다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2003

Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT)와 역변환인 IMDCT는 서브밴드 및 변환 코딩 기법에서 시간 영역 에일리어징 제거(Time Domain Aliasing Cancellation)를 기반으로 하는 분석/합성 필터 뱅크로서 채택되고 있으며, MPEG 오디오 표준의 레이어-Ⅲ에서 가장 많은 연산 량을 필요로 한다 본 논문에서는 MDCT/IMDCT를 효율적으로 계산할 수 있는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 DCT를 이용하여 MDCT/IMDCT를 계산하는 알고리즘에 기반을 두고 있기 때문에, MDCT/IMDCT 계산을 위해 두 개의 DCT-Ⅱ를 이용한다. 더불어, 제안한 알고리즘은 4로 나누어지는 길이의 입력을 갖는 MDCT/IMDCT의 계산에도 적용할 수 있다. 제안한 알고리즘은 계산 복잡도 면에서 기존의 알고리즘들과 비교하여 적은 계산 량을 필요로 하며, 구조적인 면에서 병렬적인 구조로 나타낼 수 있기 때문에, VLSI 구현에 매우 적합하다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

The deteriorative effect of ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation on photosynthesis was assessed by the simultaneous measurement of O$_2$ evolution and chlorophyll(Chl) fluorescence in green pepper. UV-B was given at the intensity of 1 W$.$m$\^$-2/, a dosage often encountered in urban area of Seoul in Korea, to detached leaves. Both Pmax and quantum yield of O$_2$ evolution was rapidly decreased, in a parallel phase, with increasing time of UV-B treatment. Chl fluorescence parameters were also significantly affected. Fo was increased while both Fm and Fv were decreased. Photochemical efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm) was also declined, although to a lesser extent than Pmax. Both qP and NPQ were decreased similarly with increasing time of UV-B treatment. However, PS I remained stable. The addition of lincomycin prior to UV-B treatment accelerated the decline in Fv/Fm to some extent, suggesting that D1 protein turnover may play a role in overcoming the harmful effect of UV-B. The amount of photosynthetic pigments was less affected than photosynthetic response in showing decline in Chl a and carotenoids after 24 h-treatment. Presumptive flavonoid contents, measured by changes in absorbance at 270 nm , 300 nm and 330nm, were all increased by roughly 50% after 8 h-treatment. Among antioxidant enzymes, activities of catalase and peroxidase were steadily increased until 12h of UV-B treatment whereas ascorbate perxidase, dehydroascorvate reductase and glutathione reductase did not show any significant change. The results indicate that deteriorative effect of UV-B on photosynthesis precedes the protection exerted by pigment synthesis and antioxidant enzymes.

• 복식
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

The contents of this study are as follows. First, an academic understanding has been achieved by exploring the theoretical concept "allegory", and a new theoretical approached methodology has been sought. Second, an analysis-index of fashion illustration cases has been suggested based on the allegory theory of Craig Owens. Third, in order to draw the characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint and find out its feasibility, the case studies has been referred and the internal significance, external significance that combines different characteristics has been extracted. In regards to this study method, literature studies and case studies has been done in parallel with each other. This study was done in the following sequence: the establishment of the study system, the drawing of the allegory-associated concepts and the discovering the characteristics of aesthetic expressions. The results of this study on the expression characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint of Craig Owens are as follows. First, the borrowing of image, which is a characteristic of allegory, contains the meaning of uncertainty in the fashion illustration as it expresses the image-synthesis and forms a completely different meaning as the fixed meaning is dissolved and it is utilized as a photo-montage technique. Second, the inference of pictogram is the mixture of linguistic medium and visual medium. Fashion illustration utilizes the characters and transmits the fashion information visually and immanently. It has the characteristic of making the information into pictograms and the internal significances of mutual-text with communication function. Third, the uniqueness of location in the fashion illustration has the special nature of utilized mediums as it is used for advertising or publicizing. The fashion illustration from the viewpoint of allegory has the impermanency of existing only for a limited time and reflects the coincidence that gives the meaning of utilized location according to the season trend. Fourth, the cross-breeding is expressed as the mixture of various materials in the fashion illustration. The expressions made by the mixture of media, such as the use of computer graphic programs mixed together with various materials showed the trend of diversity and genre dissolution.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.86-94
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• 1978

Theophylline 鹽酸鹽의 結晶 및 分子 構造를 3次元的인 X-線 回折 data로부터 Patterson法에 의하여 決定하였고, Block-diagonal least square와 Fourier法으로서座標를 精密化하였다. 이化合物은 a = 14.01, b = 11.49, c = 6.77${\AA}$의 單位格子를 가지는 斜方晶系에 屬하는 結晶 이며 空間群은 $P_{na21}$ 이다. 743개의 觀測된 data에 대한 최종 R값은 12.2%이다. Theophylline 分子內 原子間 距離는 유사化合物에서 얻은 값과 거의 일치한다. 이들 原子는 同一平面을 이루고 있으며 HCl의 鹽素原子는 theophylline의 N(1) 原子와 3.06${\AA}$ 距離의 Cl${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$N(1), 水素結合을 이루고 있다. 모든 分子 는 대략 (001)과 (002)面上에 배열되어 있고 各分子間은 van derWaals force에 의해 三次元的 構造를 이루고 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.722-726
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• 2013

Freeze drying of a porous Cu-Sn alloy with unidirectionally aligned pore channels was accomplished by using a composite powder of CuO-$SnO_2$ and camphene. Camphene slurries with CuO-$SnO_2$ content of 3, 5 and 10 vol% were prepared by mixing with a small amount of dispersant at $50^{\circ}C$. Freezing of a slurry was done at $-25^{\circ}C$ while the growth direction of the camphene was unidirectionally controlled. Pores were generated subsequently by sublimation of the camphene during drying in air for 48 h. The green bodies were hydrogen-reduced at $650^{\circ}C$ and then were sintered at $650^{\circ}C$ and $750^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. XRD analysis revealed that the CuO-$SnO_2$ powder was completely converted to Cu-Sn alloy without any reaction phases. The sintered samples showed large pores with an average size of above $100{\mu}m$ which were aligned parallel to the camphene growth direction. Also, the internal walls of the large pores had relatively small pores. The size of the large pores decreased with increasing CuO-$SnO_2$ content due to the change of the degree of powder rearrangement in the slurry. The size of the small pores decreased with increase of the sintering temperature from $650^{\circ}C$ to $750^{\circ}C$, while that of the large pores was unchanged. These results suggest that a porous alloy body with aligned large pores can be fabricated by a freeze-drying and hydrogen reduction process using oxide powders.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.603-608
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• 2006

In activated macrophage, large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) are generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), resulting in acute or chronic inflammatory disorders. In Raw 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation, water extracts from the fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis, the root of Polygonum cuspidatum and Boswellia carterii inhibited the LPS-induced NO production in a parallel dose-dependent manner. To investigate the mechanism by which those extracts inhibits NO production, we examined the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in both mRNA and protein levels. We observed a significant change in the iNOS expression between LPS alone and LPS plus those extracts-treated cells. However, water extracts from Chaenomeles sinensis, Polygonum cuspidatum and Boswellia carterii did not inhibit COX-2 expression which was induced by LPS treatment in Raw 264.7 cells. These data suggest that water extracts from Chaenomeles sinensis, Polygonum cuspidatum and Boswellia carterii can modulate anti-inflammatory immune response, which may be in part associated with the regulation of NO synthesis through the regulation of iNOS expression in mouse macrophage cells.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권5C호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 동영상의 실시간 부/복호화를 위한 하드웨어 기반의 CAVLC 엔트로피 부/복호화기 구조를 제안한다. H.264/AVC의 무손실 압축 기법인 내용기반 가변길이 부호화(Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding)는 이전 표준의 기법과 다른 알고리즘을 채용하여 높은 부호화 효율과 복잡도를 가지고 있다. 이를 하드웨어 구조로 설계하기 위하여 메모리 재사용 기법을 적용하여 리소스를 최적화 하였으며, 지금까지 제시된 여러 엔트로피 부/복호화 구조 중 휴대용 기기에 적합한 성능 대비 리소스를 가지는 구조를 선택하고 이를 병렬 처리 구조로 설계하여 부호화 성능을 향상시켰다. 구현된 전체 모듈은 Altera사의 Excalibur 디바이스를 이용하여 검증하고 삼성 STD130 0.18um CMOS Cell Library를 이용하여 합성 및 검증하였다. 이를 ASIC으로 구현할 경우 부호화기는 150Mhz 동작주파수에서 CIF 크기의 동영상을 초당 300프레임 이상 처리하며 복호화기는 140Mhz 동작주파수에서 CIF 크기의 동영상을 초당 250 이상 처리할 수 있다. 본 결과는 하드웨어 기반의 H.264/AVC 실시간 부호화기와 복호화기를 설계하기에 적합한 하드웨어 구조임을 보여준다.