• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5409-5413
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• 2013

Background: To assess the accuracy of ultrasound in differentiating endometrioma from ovarian cancer and to describe pattern recognition for atypical endometriomas mimicking ovarian cancers. Materials and Methods: Patients scheduled for elective surgery for adnexal masses were sonographically evaluated for endometrioma within 24 hours of surgery. All examinations were performed by the same experienced sonographer, who had no any information of the patients, to differentiate between endometriomas and non-endometriomas using a simple rule (classic ground-glass appearance) and subjective impression (pattern recognition). The final diagnosis as a gold standard relied on either pathological or post-operative findings. Results: Of 638 patients available for analysis, 146 were proven to be endometriomas. Of them, the simple rule and subjective impression could sonographically detect endometriomas with sensitivities of 64.4% (94/146) and 89.7% (131/146), respectively. Of 52 endometriomas with false negative tests by the simple rule, 13 were predicted as benign masses and 39 were mistaken for malignancy. Solid masses and papillary projections were the most common forms mimicking ovarian cancer, consisting of 38.5% of the missed diagnoses. However, with pattern recognition (subjective impression), 32 from 39 cases mimicking ovarian cancer were correctly predicted for endometriomas. All endometriomas subjectively predicted for ovarian malignancy were associated with high vascularization in the solid masses. Conclusions: Pattern recognition of endometriomas by subjective assessment had a higher sensitivity than the simple rule in characterization of endometriomas. Most endometriomas mimicking ovarian malignancy could be correctly predicted by subjective impression based on familiarity of pattern recognition.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 1998

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the low-dose(30mCi) I-131 ablation therapy for remnant thyroid tissue following total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods: Between March 1995 and December 1997, forty-eight patients were given ablative doses(30mCi) of I-131 after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer in the presence of I-131 uptake in remnant thyroid tissue. Effective ablation of remnant thyroid tissue was determined by following I-131 whole body scan. if remnant thyroid tissue remained, we repeated the same management at 6 months interval. Results: Thirty-eight(79.1%) patients had papillary, 8(16.7%) follicular, 1(2.1%) medullary and 1(2.1%) Hurthle cell type cancer. Forty-eight patients underwent total thyroidectomy, among those central neck dissection was performed in 35 cases, and modified radical neck dissection in 14 cases. Postoperative complication developed in 8 cases, which included 4 cases of transient hypoparathyroidism, 1 case of permanent hypoparathyroidism, 2 cases of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and 1 case of wound hematoma. There were significant remnant thyroid tissue in 46 cases(95.8%) of patients after total thyroidectomy, which could be ablated by low dose(30mCi) I-131. There were no statistical difference between operative procedures and number of treatment of I-131. Conclusions: These results suggested that repeated low-dose(30mCi) I-131 therapy would be needed, therefore, high -dose I-131 therapy could be considered as ablation therapy for the remnant thyroid tissue after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the incidence, manifestations, and outcomes of malignancy after pediatric kidney transplantation (KT) at our center over 30 years. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 155 patients under 18 years of age who underwent KT between January 1990 and February 2020 at Asan Medical Center. Results: Twelve patients (7.7%) were diagnosed with a malignancy after KT. Malignancy was diagnosed after a mean period of 6.4±5.9 years (median 4.6, range 0.5-20.6 years) after KT. Nine (75.0%) of the 12 cancer patients were diagnosed with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), and the other three had papillary thyroid cancer, mucoepidermoid cancer of the hard palate, and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, respectively. PTLD was diagnosed within a mean of 3.7±3.4 years (median 3.7, range 0.5-9.8 years) after KT. Five patients diagnosed with PTLD were cured without recurrence. Three patients with PTLD died from the disease, and one patient with mucoepidermoid cancer from a non-PTLD malignancy died after progression, despite surgical resection and chemotherapy. Three (33.3%) of the nine survivors progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after completing cancer treatment. No patient with post-transplant malignancy (PTM) experienced critical renal deterioration during cancer treatment. Conclusion: PTLD was the most common PTM, occurring at 5.8% of the pediatric KT patients after KT in our center. Careful follow up is needed particularly considering the risk of PTLD after KT in children.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

목적 : 국소 재발한 진행된 갑상선 유두암의 치료로 수술 후 외부방사선의 역할을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 원자력병원에서 2000년 1월부터 2012년 2월까지 사이버나이프 혹은 외부방사선 치료를 받은 수술과 방사선요오드 치료 후 국소 재발한 진행된 갑상선 유두암 환자 13 명을 대상으로 하였다. 경과관찰 기간 동안 국소 및 부위 재발이 발생환 환자는 6 명이었다. 몇몇의 위험인자를 찾기 위해서 Kaplan-Meier method와 log-rank test를 이용하여 성별, 종양단계, 방사선 치료 전 수술 횟수, 방사선요오드치료 횟수, 수술 후 잔존 암의 여부, 원격전이에 대해 단변량 분석하였다. 결과 : 방사선 치료 후 평균 추적관찰기관은 53.8개월(범위, 36 ~ 108개월)이고 그중 남자는 4 명이었다. 1년, 2년의 무진행 생존률은 각각 76.9와 53.8%였다. 단병량 분석은 성별과 잔존 암여부(p = 0.0475 and p = 0.0475, 각각)에 따라 무진행 생존률이 진행한 그룹과 진행하지 않은 그룹 사이에 유의한 차이가 있다는 것을 보여줬다. 결론 : 외부 방사선 치료 전에 잔존 암이 없었던 환자의 100%에서 국소 및 부위 재발이 일어나지 않았다. 외부방사선 치료는 수술과 방사선요오드 치료에 반응하지 않는 환자 중 수술 후 잔존 암이 없는 경우에 효과적인 치료 방법이 될 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6715-6717
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to provide epidemiological and histological data of thyroid cancers in Togo. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of cases of thyroid cancers diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 (15 years) at the pathology laboratory of the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of $Lom{\acute{e}}$. All cases of review of a thyroid sample (biopsies, surgical specimens) were collected from the data records of that laboratory. Results: Thyroid cancers represented 1.1% (7930cases) of all cancers registered during the study period. Mean age was $45.4{\pm}0.3$ years and the proportion of females was 78.3%. We identified 92.4% carcinomas and 7.6% lymphomas. Carcinomas were well differentiated in 80 cases and were dominated by the papillary type (47 cases). Metastasis was observed in 13% of patients. The pTNM classification evaluated in 18 cases showed a predominance of grade I (13 cases). Lymphomas were dominated by lymphoma diffuse large B-cell (5 cases). Conclusions: This study is the first global standard for thyroid cancer pathology in Togo. The high frequency of follicular form suggests an unrecognized iodine deficiency. The improvement of the technical platform of the LAP (immunohistochemistry) will increase the diagnosis of rare forms of thyroid cancer.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2009

Urinary bladder cancer is diagnosed through urine cytology and cytoscopy with biopsy. An atypical urothelial cast is often found by voided urine cytology in a papillary urothelial cell carcinoma. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the significance of the evaluation of urinary nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) level and Sure Path Liquid-based cytology (SP-LBC) as compared to the examination of atypical urothelial cast in voided urine sediment for monitoring bladder cancer. From October 2007 to January 2008, we observed 3240 patients who visited the emergency laboratory of urology of Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital. Both NMP22 measurement and SP-LBC were performed in 31 patients who were positive in an atypical urothelial cast test. In particular, 26 men and 5 women were found to be atypical urothelial cast-positive persons. The average age for both men and women is 61.8. NMP22 test is positive in 23 of 31 cases (74.2%) from patients with atypical urothelial cast, while the test is negative in 8 of 31 cases (25.8%). The percentages of negativity, atypicality, suspicious malignancy, and malignancy in SP-LBC are 25.8% (8/31), 58.1% (18/31), 9.7% (3/31), and 6.5% (2/31), respectively. The relation of NMP22 positivity with the malignant degree in LBC is significant (P<0.01). Two malignant patients resulting from SP-LBC show the same results in histological examination. Overall, the study suggests the usefulness of NMP22 measurement and LBC as well as the examination of atypical urothelial cast for the diagnosis of early bladder cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2000

Objectives: With the recent advances and increasing use of imaging techniques in examination of the neck, the incidence of incidentally discovered thyroid carcinoma has been increasing. This study was carried out to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of incidental thyroid carcinomas and to find optimal therapeutic strategies for these lesions. Materials & Methods: From Jan. 1988 to Aug. 1998, 1,053 patients were operated on for thyroid cancer, of whom 127(12.1%) had incidentally discovered thyroid cancers which were identified during routine health checkups(n=40), diagnostic procedures for unrelated medical conditions(n=39) and mass screening for thyroid cancer(n=48). The preoperative diagnosis was obtained by ultrasound-guided FNAB and the extent of surgery was determined based on frozen section examinations, as well as prognostic factors and gross findings at the time of surgery. Results: There were 6 men and 121 women with a mean age of 45.9 years. Histopathological diagnosis included papillary carcinomas(n=1l9), follicular carcinomas(n=6), poorly differentiated carcinoma(n=l) and medullary carcinoma(n=1). Thirty patients(23.6%) had multifocallesions. The mean diameter of the tumors was 1.1 cm(0.2-3.4 cm). Capsular invasions were found in 53 patients(41.7%) and nodal metastases in 41(32.3%). The surgical procedures used were: 90 less-than total thyroidectomies and 37 total thyroidectomies with central neck node dissection. Lateral neck dissection was added in 5 patients. According to TNM staging, 79 patients(63.2%) were at stage I, 15(12.0%) at stage II, 31(24.8%) at stage III and 0(0.0%) at stage IV. By AMES scoring system, 102 patients(81.6%) were in the low-risk group and 23(18.4%) in the high-risk group. And by MACIS scoring system, 103(86.6%) of 119 papillary thyroid cancer patients were less than 6. Conclusions: The clinicopathological characteristics of incidentally discovered thyroid carcinomas are similar to ordinary thyroid carcinomas. The treatment of choice should be individualized based on the particular clinical situation encountered, as in ordinary thyroid carcinomas.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2008

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that primarily affects the lung and lymphatic system of the body. Since Brincker first noted a statistically significant increase of malignant tumors among sarcoidosis patients, there have been several reports on simultaneously developed sarcoidosis and malignancy. A 30-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of multiple enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The patient had been well until approximately 10 days before admission, when he developed a cough. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) of the chest that were performed at the outpatient department revealed multiple enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Cervical lymph node biopsy revealed both non-caseating granuloma and metastatic papillary carcinoma, whereas the mediastinal lymph node showed only non-caseating granuloma. The thyroid gland surgical specimen showed papillary carcinoma. We report here on a case of a 30-year-old man who had sarcoidosis and thyroid cancer, and we include a review of the literature.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 1998

We have investigated the cervicovaginal smears in order to define the cytologic features of uterine adenocarcinomas. Total 22 cases were reviewed(12 cases from the Sanggye Paik hospital, Inje university and 10 cases from the Korea Cancer Center Hospital) from January 1992 to December 1997. Five cases were endometrial adenocarcinomas and the remaining 17 cases were cervical adenocarcinomas. Seventeen cases of cervical adenocarcinomas were divided into endometrioid(6 cases), endocervical(7 cases), mixed endometrioid and endocervical(1 case), papillary (2 cases), and adenosquamous(1 case) carcinomas. The background of endocervical adenocarcinoma was hemorrhagic or inflammatory. The tumor diathesis was less prominent than that of the squamous cell carcinoma. The prominent features of the endocervical type adenocarcinomas were large and loose clusters, large intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and prominent overlapping and peripheral palisading of nuclei. In contrast, the endometrioid adenocarcinomas showed small and compact clusters, and small intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The detection rate of endometrial adenocarcinoma was lower than that of the endocervical adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 1994

A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid Gland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal : follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. As a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11 % was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells.