• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out in order to elucidate the effect of latex dosage and properties on aging behavior of coated paper. The coated paper with five different coating formulations were prepared and also four different latices were used. The coated paper were thermally aged at $105^{\circ}C$ for 14 days and the optical properties were measured. Increasing latex content increased the magnitude of reduction in brightness and whiteness. In addition, the variations in CIE a$^*b^*$ were larger with increasing latex dosage. Latex which has the lower gel content and the higher Tg showed the higher reduction in brightness and whiteness and much variation in CIE a$^*b^*$. However the particle size of latex didn't affect to thermal behavior of coated paper. These results indicate that latex which has higher Tg and lower gel content is the one of the main factors affecting aging behavior of coated paper.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of binder properties in pre-coating layer on the characteristics of top-coating layer and print mottle of coated paper. Four different latices were used as a binder in pre-coating layer, and coating color prepared with a same formulation was applied for top-coating. The properties and print mottle of coated paper were evaluated. It was found that glass transition temperature (Tg) was the important factor to control the properties of pre- and top-coating layer. PPS roughness of coated paper was decreased and paper gloss was increased with applying binder which has lower Tg. Properties of top-coating layer were affected by the binder used in pre-coating layer. Print mottle of coated paper was improved with using binder which has lower Tg in pre-coating layer. These results indicate that final printability and properties of top-coating layer can be improved with using suitable binder in pre-coating layer.

• Language and Information
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.35-53
• /
• 2001

As a subtype of English relative clause constructions, free relative constructions like what John ate in I ate what John ate exhibit complicated syntactic and semantic properties. In particular, the constructions have mixed properties of nominal and verbal: they have the internal syntax of sentence and the external syntax of noun phrase. This paper provides a constraint-based approach to these mixed constructions, and shows that simple constructional constraints are enough to capture their complexities. The paper begins by surveying the properties of the constructions. In discusses two types(Specific and nonspecific) of free relatives, their ,lexical restrictions nominal properties and behavior with respect to extraposition, piped piping and stacking Following these it sketches the basic framework of the HPSG(Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar) which is of relevance in this paper. As the main part, the paper presents a constraint- based analysis in which tight interactions between grammatical constructions and a rich network of inheritance relations play important roles in accounting for the basic as well as complex properties of the constructions is question.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 1996

This research was accomplished to evaluate possibility of using paper sludge for the raw materials of wood based panel products. The experimental panels were manufactured by four mixed ratios, the proportion of paper sludge to wood particle: 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50% (oven dry weight basis) and by three composition types, sludge-particle mixed board, three layered sludge-particle board and three layered particle board. They were tested mechanical (bending strength and internal bond) and physical properties (water absorption, thickness swelling and linear expansion). From the results they were shown that bending strength of mixed and three layered sludge-particle board were decreased with increasing of composition ratios of sludge. And the mechanical and physical properties of the boards of three layered composition types have superior to those of mixed composition type. Although composition ratios of sludge increased, the internal bond strength and dimensional stability of sludge-particle board not decreased quantitatively. We concluded that the mechanical and physical properties of three layered sludge-particle board were similar w those of three layered particle-board (control) made by our laboratory design. Therefore, it was recognized that paper sludge can be used as potential raw material in particle-board manufacturing industry.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2009

The effects of refining either SwBKP or HwBKP, and both of SwBKP and HwBKP on the physical properties of paper were investigated in order to elucidate if the non-conventional refining and blending method can be used for the optimizing the paper properties. The blending ratio of SwBKP and HwBKP was 15:85. The highest bulk was obtained with the refining of SwBKP only. Any differences of opacity were not observed in unfilled paper, while the highest opacity of PCC filled paper was obtained at same bulk when the only HwBKP was refined. However burst index and tensile index did not showed any differences in the relationship with bulk. Therefore this result can be applied to improve the opacity of paper without sacrificing of strength properties.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2014

The research was performed to investigate the weathering characteristics of fruit growth paper bags. The bags were used to cover fruits such as grapes and pears. And then they were collected after 30 and 60 days exposure at the orchard. The physical and optical properties of the bags tended to decrease with the exposure times. The larger change on the properties were found on the papers exposed for 30 days. The cover paper for pear showed the largest density changes. The air permeability were decreased with the exposure time in all bags. The cover paper for pear showed the very low values of air permeability. The mechanical properties of the fruit bags showed to be gradually decreased with the length of exposure time. The tear index showed the largest differences. The cover paper for pear showed the rapid decrease on the mechanical properties after 60 days of the exposure. The inner paper, however, showed the strength enough to cover the fruits. The precipitation showed more effect on the degradation of fruit growth paper bags than the light hours.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.66-70
• /
• 2009

Paper cultural heritages usually experienced the chemical and the physical deterioration because of various factors including preservation environment and the property of their materials. General restoration technology for paper cultural heritages is the lining. The application of the lining paper and the lining technology has varied depending on researcher's experiences. Therefore, each lining material and technology must be evaluated to develop a standard guide for preservation and restoration of paper cultural heritages. To date, various analysis techniques using lining paper, in terms of their materials, have been applied to analyses of causes and condition of damages, but it is difficult to develop a standard restoration treatment method of paper cultural heritages because it varies by their material. The Hanf, is made frrr the mulberry, is generally used for the lining in Korea.edt is required that the cr, in terms properties and general properties of Hanf, is used for lining papers, are evaluated to develop a standard guide for their restoration.ed this study, the general properties of several lining papers(Hanf), especially dimensave bility, were evaluated as part of the standardization of lining papers. The result have varied depending on the pulping chemical and the manufacturers. the basis weight, thickness and tensale strength of lining papers is bigger the paper treated by natural ash than the paper treated by sodium carbonate.ed case of formation, folding endurance, and dimensave bility, the paper treated by sodium carbonate showed better properties than those of the paper treated by natural ash.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 2011

Atmospheric plasma technology was utilized in order to modify surface characteristics of base paper for coating. Argon(Ar) and oxygen(O2) gases were used. It was found that contact angle of a water droplet was decreased with increasing voltage during plasma treatment, meaning that the hydrophilicity of paper surface was increased. On the other hand, the physical properties like roughness and optical properties such as gloss, brightness and opacity were not influenced by the plasma treatment. In conclusion, atmospheric plasma technology can be utilized to control hydrophilicity of paper surface without affecting physical properties of the paper.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
• /
• 1999.11b
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 1999

Recycling systems are usually designed with pulp quality targets based on cleanliness, or similar property. Achieving other specific fibre properties is rarely a goal of a recycling system, but fibre properties can be modified to suit specific end uses. Recycling line equipment choices impact n fibre properties, but these effects choices impact on fibre properties, but these effects tend to be less well documented than the effects on cleanliness or brightness.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.135-147
• /
• 2015

Owing to the notion of a normal adjacency for a digital product in [8], the study of product properties of digital topological properties has been substantially done. To explain a normal adjacency of a digital product more efficiently, the recent paper [22] proposed an S-compatible adjacency of a digital product. Using an S-compatible adjacency of a digital product, we also study product properties of digital topological properties, which improves the presentations of a normal adjacency of a digital product in [8]. Besides, the paper [16] studied the product property of two digital covering maps in terms of the $L_S$- and the $L_C$-property of a digital product which plays an important role in studying digital covering and digital homotopy theory. Further, by using HS- and HC-properties of digital products, the paper [18] studied multiplicative properties of a digital fundamental group. The present paper compares among several kinds of adjacency relations for digital products and proposes their own merits and further, deals with the problem: consider a Cartesian product of two simple closed $k_i$-curves with $l_i$ elements in $Z^{n_i}$, $i{\in}\{1,2\}$ denoted by $SC^{n_1,l_1}_{k_1}{\times}SC^{n_2,l_2}_{k_2}$. Since a normal adjacency for this product and the $L_C$-property are different from each other, the present paper address the problem: for the digital product does it have both a normal k-adjacency of $Z^{n_1+n_2}$ and another adjacency satisfying the $L_C$-property? This research plays an important role in studying product properties of digital topological properties.