• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2021

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the remanufacturing of mechanical parts using metal additive manufacturing processes in regards to resource recycling and carbon neutrality. DED (directed energy deposition) process can create desired metallic shapes on both even and uneven substrate via line-by-line deposition. Hence, DED process is very useful for the repair, retrofit and remanufacturing of mechanical parts with irregular damages. The objective of the current paper is to investigate the effects DED process parameters, including the effects of power and the scan speed of the laser, on deposition and residual stress characteristics for remanufacturing of mechanical parts using experiments and finite element analyses (FEAs). AISI 1045 is used as the substrate material and the feeding powder. The characteristic dimensions of the bead shape and the heat affected zone (HAZ) for different deposition conditions are obtained from the experimental results. Efficiencies of the heat flux model for different deposition conditions are estimated by the comparison of the results of FEAs with those of experiments in terms of the width and the depth of HAZ. In addition, the influence of the process parameters on residual stress distributions in the vicinity of the deposited region is investigated using the results of FEAs. Finally, a suitable deposition condition is predicted in regards to the bead formation and the residual stress.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.691-697
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• 2016

Remanufacturing refers to restoring a used product to an acceptable condition for resale in the market of remanufactured items. In this paper, we deal with the acquisition price and remanufacturing decision for remanufacturing systems in the case where the demand for the remanufactured product in a single period is known and the return quantity of the used product is determined by its acquisition price. The quality of the acquired used product is categorized into two classes, high and low, through inspection and different qualities incur different remanufacturing costs. The probability that the acquired used product is categorized as high class can be a constant or random variable. We derive the expected total cost functions, obtain the optimal solutions, and interpret the managerial meaning of the optimal solution for each case. The sensitivity of the optimal solution with respect to the variation of the inspection cost and uncertainty of the quality of the used product is investigated through numerical examples.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.11-23
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• 2018

The need for remanufacturing automotive parts is required due to the depletion of resources, rising raw material prices and strengthening environmental regulations. For remanufacturing, stable supply and demand of core must be accompanied. At present, remanufacturing companies collect cores through various routes, but the recovery rate of cores from the End-of-Life Vehicles is low. If we can systematically collect cores from hundreds of thousands of ELVs that were generated each year, the recovery rate of the core for remanufacturing will be further improved. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to establish a classification system for the ELV as a method for collecting the cores from the ELV. First, we selected the elements affecting the classification and determined the scope for the evaluation. The final rating classification is established by calculating the weights among the influence elements. Finally, through the case study, the dismantling grade of the actual ELV was evaluated to derive the second grade.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

In this paper, we report a case study on the common due-date assignment and scheduling problem in a paper remanufacturing system that produces corrugated cardboards using collected waste papers for a given set of orders under the make-to-order (MTO) environment. Since the system produces corrugated cardboards in an integrated process and has sequence-dependent setups, the problem considered here can be regarded as common due-date assignment and sequencing on a single machine with sequence-dependent setup times. The objective is to minimize the sum of the penalties associated with due-date assignment, earliness, and tardiness. In the study, the earliness and tardiness penalties were obtained from inventory holding and backorder costs, respectively. To solve the problem, we adopted two types of algorithms: (a) branch and bound algorithm that gives the optimal solutions; and (b) heuristic algorithms. Computational experiments were done on the data generated from the case and the results show that both types of algorithms work well for the case data. In particular, the branch and bound algorithm gave the optimal solutions quickly. However, it is recommended to use the heuristic algorithms for large-sized instances, especially when the solution time is very critical.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.54-62
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• 2014

This paper present a improved process for remanufacturing of LPG vaporizer through Failure Mode and Effect Analysis(FMEA). Based on the failure causes analysis and classification of faults that occur after the initial failure of LPG vaporizer remanufacturing, suggests improvements for high R.P.N. Derive the improvement for higher cumulative frequency of each process, proposes the overall improvement of a current process for establish a standard LPG remanufacturing process.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.257-260
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• 2007

In order to further improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the Ni-P coatings of electroless plating, electroless Ni-P/n-$Al_2O_3$ composite deposits were prepared by adding some nano $Al_2O_3$ Particles in Ni-P plating bath. The bath composition and proproties were studied in this paper. The orthogonal test was applied in order to get the new composite solution, taking the initial stable potential as evaluation standard and considering the elements correlation at the same time. The processing parameters have been optimized by single factor experiment in which the depositing speed was chosen as the evaluation standard. The results showed that the process is stable and the composite Ni-P/n-$Al_2O_3$ deposits werebright and smooth, whose hardness and corrosion resistance are much better than simple Ni-P coatings. Furthermore the surface appearance and structure of the composite Ni-P/n-$Al_2O_3$ coating were investigated by SEM and XRD method. It was proved that the coating surface is typical cystiform cells and its structure is amorphous. All test results ofcomposite coating showed that all various physical coating properties had been improved by adding nano-particles. The hardness of optimal coating is more than 600HV and increases to 1000HV after heat-treating, and its hardness is 20~50% higher than Ni-P coating. The rust points appeared in 200 hour by immersing the coating into the 10%HCl solution and the corrosive speed is $3{\times}10^{-3}mg/(cm^2{\cdot}h)$which was obtained after 300 hour. In the same condition Ni-P coating is $5.6{\times}10^{-3}mg/(cm^2{\cdot}h)$. The salt spray resistance of the layers can exceed 600h with the thickness $20{\mu}m$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.179-188
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• 2011

This paper outlines a systematic guideline for remanufacturing process using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method in order to estimate the reliability and quality of the remanufactured alternator. The method is just a tool to help, but the remanufacturer must determine the optimal remanufacturing process and specific inspection and production that will turn the alternator as-good-as new and place the product into the market with reliability and quality equal to a new product. FMEA is a method that is widely used in industry and has shown its value and effectiveness in the above remanufacturing case study. Actions taken often result in a lower severity, occurrence or detection rating. Redesign may result in lower severity and occurrence ratings while inserting validation controls and maintenance can reduce the detection rating. The revised ratings are recorded with the originals on the FMEA template form. After these corrective actions and revisions have been established, evaluation of the ranks can be repeated, until the redesign and control parameters comply with safety standards.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.565-565
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• 2004

Due to limitation of resources and increasing concerns about environment, reverse logistics has received growing attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose three types of reverse logistics networks based on reuse of returnable containers, materials recycling process and remanufacturing for parts reuse. First, the sender in the re-usable item network supplies containers for the recipient and orders either new containers from external supplier or returnable containers cleaned from the container depot. Second, the recycling center in the proposed recycling network collects either end of life products from customer or faulty goods from manufacturer, collected products are dismantled into materials and materials go into recycling process. Finally, the manufacturer in the proposed remanufacturing network has two alternatives for supplying parts: either ordering the required parts to external supplier or overhauling disassembled parts and bringing them back 'as new' conditions. In this product recovery environment, we build optimal order quantity models to minimize the total logistics costs related to reverse logistics network. The validity of the proposed model is investigated through comprehensive computational experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.591-598
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• 2019

Today, due to the development of the industrial society, the need for sustainable research and development for energy depletion and environmental protection is increasing. Among sustainable research, remanufacturing is an ideal way to meet environmental and economic aspects. In this paper, we investigated the End-of-Life Vehicle(ELV) in order to find the recovery method of the core which is the preceding stage of remanufacturing. The number of End-of-Life Vehicle is increasing year by year, but the core recovery rate from ELV is still low. Therefore, a methodology to determine the disassembly priority of each part is proposed to increase the core recovery rate. Based on the analysis Table through the disassembly process, the decision rule was selected and the weighted score evaluation Table was completed to complete the disassembly priority system. Finally, evaluation was made on gasoline vehicles to determine priorities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.77-86
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• 2012

We consider the capacitated lot-sizing and scheduling problem for a paper remanufacturing system that produces several types of corrugated cardboards. The problem is to determine the lot sizes as well as the sequence of lots for the objective of minimizing the sum of setup and inventory holding costs while satisfying the demand and the machine capacity over a given planning horizon. In particular, the paper remanufacturing system has sequence-dependent setup costs that depend on the type of product just completed and on the product to be processed. Also, the setup state at one period can be carried over to the next period. An integer programming model is presented to describe the problem. Due to the complexity of the problem, we modify the existing two-stage heuristics in which an initial solution is obtained and then it is improved using a multi-pass interchange method. To show the performances of the heuristics, computational experiments were done using the real data, and a significant amount of improvement is reported.