• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1986

Effects of temperature, pH, light-and-dark and degree of oxygen supply on germination of Papaver somniferum L. seeds were investigated. The optimum temperature of the germination was 2$0^{\circ}C$, but the germination was decreased as temperatures changed to the upper and lower. The largest elongation of both radicle and hypocotyl also occurred at 2$0^{\circ}C$. The best germination occurred at pH 7 but this decreased suddenly the above and below of that pH value. Although no effect of light-and-dark on the germination was, this was restricted under limited. oxyten supply in terms of underwater germination as compared with abovewater one.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.298-299
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• 2003

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.348.3-349
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• 2002

(－)-${\alpha}$-narcotine( 1 R.9S) is one of the major bases in Papaver somniferum L.. the sourse plant for opium. while (－)-${\beta}$-narcotine(1R.9R) is a synthetic phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid. Although some advanced methods for the preparation of $\alpha$-narcotine have been developed using modified Bischler-Napieralski cyclization. the facile synthesis of $\beta$-narcotine has not further been attempted. supposingly because of its no clinical efficacy contrary to $\alpha$-narcotine having an antitussive effect. (omitted)

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.186-186
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• 2002

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to developing orally administered analgesics and locally injected pharmacopuncture analgesics like opioids. Methods : Literary investigation on the origin of poppy (Papaver somniferum L) and other narcotics was conducted to examine the potential of developing orally administered analgesics and locally injected pharmacopuncture analgesics. Opium is a gum-like mass derived from air-dried white fluid of immature fruit of the poppy. Opium contains approximately 20 types of alkaloids including morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and others. Natural opioids and synthetic alkaloid derivatives are the constituents of opioid analgesics and their effects and side-effects depend on the peculiarities of receptors. An extreme caution is required in the selection of proper dosage, proper analgesic types, and indications for successful pain management. Results and Discussion : With the enactment of "Narcotic control protocol", herbs such as cannibis and poppy are no longer available for use by Korean medicine doctors, and these doctors are faced with difficulty in managing severe pain in the clinical environment. A systematic consideration is inevitable for overcoming the limitation on these analgesics.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2006

제주도의 저지대 길가 공터에서 채집한 나도양귀비 (Papaver setigerium DC.)와 해발 400-800 m의 길가나 목장 내에서 채집한 좀개불알풀 (Veronica serpyllifolia L.) 등 2종을 국내 미기록 귀화식물로 보고한다. 나도양귀비는 양귀비와 유사하지만 나도양귀비는 높이 30-70 cm, 원반형의 암술머리의 직경이 열매의 직경보다 작으며, 줄기, 잎, 꽃받침 등에 강모가 산생하는 점에서 쉽게 식별된다. 좀개불알풀은 방패꽃과 공통점이 많지만 본 종이 전체적으로 소형이고, 줄기 하부의 잎이 엽병을 가지며, 거치가 있다는 점에서 구분된다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2000

Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are a diverse group of natural products that include many pharmacologically active compounds produced in a limited number of plant families. Despite their complexity, intensive biochemical research has extended our knowledge of the chemistry and enzymology of many important benzylisoquinoline alkaloid pathways, such as those leading to the analgesic drugs morphine and codeine, and the antibiotics sanguinarine and berberine. The use of cultured plant cells as an experimental system has facilitated the identification and characterization of more than 30 benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic enzymes, and the molecular cloning of the genes that encode at least 8 of these enzymes. The recent expansion of biochemical and molecular technologies has creat-ed unique opportunities to dissect the mechanisms involved in the regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. Research has suggested that product accumulation is controlled by the developmental and inducible regulation of several benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic genes, and by the subcellular compartmentation of biosynthetic enzymes and the intracellular localization and trafficking of pathway intermediates. In this paper, we review our current understanding of the biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. We also summarize our own research activities, especially those related to the establishment of protocols for the genetic transformation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid-producing species, and the development of metabolic engineering strategies in these plants.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.361-366
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• 2005

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants, which is used as a sole commercial source of narcotic analgesic, morphine. The transformant of opium poppy we have established by infection of Rhizobium rhizogenes (formerly Agrobacterium rhizogenes) strain MAFF03-01724 showed aberrant morphology and altered opium alkaloid composition. The major alkaloid produced by this transformant was thebaine (16.3%, opium dry weight) instead of morphine. It is likely that this 'thebaine poppy' phenotype was caused by the integration of T-DNA(s) into the poppy genome DNA, and their inserted loci are of great interest. To gain an insight into the mechanism of nonnarcotic thebaine accumulation for the further approach toward the creation of 'codeine poppy' which produces codeine as a major alkaloid, the genetical and morphological analyses on the transformant was carried out. Here we report the results of the detailed analysis on the T-DNA inserted loci of T0 transfromant and the correlation between opium alkaloid composition and segregated T-DNA integration pattern in the self-pollinated T1 transformants.