• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 1998

Diallel analysis was conducted with FI's derived from crossing in all combinations without reciprocals among six rice varieties; three tropical japonica and three temperate japonica varieties, with different traits associated with panicle and flag leaf. Epistasis was observed in the number of primary branches (PB) per panicle and of spikelets per panicle, while flag leaf length, flag leaf color, PB length and neck node thickness were explained with the additive-dominance model. The estimated genetic mode of flag leaf length and PB length was a positive complete dominance model with high heritability, and that of flag leaf color and neck node thickness was an incomplete dominance model. In particular, tropical japonica varieties with low-tillering and heavy-panicle appear to have higher number of dominant genes for flag leaf length and PB length than temperate japonica varieties.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2008

The detection, characterization and use of quantitative traits loci, QTL, have significant potential to improve the efficiency of selective breeding of species. Therefore, a population with 59 advanced backcross lines($BC_2F_5$), derived from a cross between IR64 and Tarome molaei, were studied in Tonekabon Rice Research Station of Iran in order to map QTLs for panicle length, number of grain per panicle, and panicle grain sterility in rice. The parental screening wtih 235 SSR markers in agarose and polyacrylamide gels revealed 114 markers with clear polymorphic bands. To search for QTLs associated with panicle length, number of grain per panicle, and panicle grain sterility, we constructed a genetic linkage map using 114 microsatellite markers. Positive and negative transgressive segregations were observed in $BC_2F_5$ lines for all traits. Using multiple interval mapping(MIM), a total of 20 putative QTLs were detected, of which eight were for panicle length, three for number of grains, and nine for panicle grain sterility. The maximum number of QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 1 and 2 with eight QTLs. These QTL markers could possible be utilized for marker-assisted selection.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2002

In order to obtain basic informations for selecting early maturing rice varieties which is suitable for early cropping before Alisma plantago in the southern part of Korea. Eleven rice varieties were grown from May to September in 1999∼2001 at Sunchon Youngieon Experiment Field and yield components and yield of plants were investingated. Early maturing rice cv. Jinbubyeo showed higher rough rice yield than any other varieties used in the experiment. It showed high yield components, culm length, panicle length, number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle and ratio of ripened grains. therefore, it was concluded that Jinbubyeo was the most suitable variety with high yield for the cultivation before Alisma plantago at the southern part of Korea. The heritability of culm length number of spikelets per panicle and rough rice yield were high and that of panicle length number of panicle per plant, ratio of ripened grain and 1,000 grain wt. of milled rice were low. The rough rice yield showed highly significant positive correlations with culm length, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicles and ratio of ripened grains.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2002

In order to obtain basic information for selecting early maturing rice varieties which is suitable for early cropping before Alisma plantago in the southern part of Korea. Six rice varieties were grown from May to August in 2002 at Youngjeon Experiment Field, Sunchon and yield components and yield of plants were investingated. Early maturing rice cv. Grubyeo showed higher rough rice yield than any other varieties used in the experiment. It showed high yield components, such as culm length, panicle length, number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle and ratio of ripened grains. Therefore, it was concluded that Grubyeo was the most suitable variety with high yield for the cultivation before growing of Alisma plantago at the southern part of Korea. The heritability of culm length number of spikelets per panicle and rough rice yield were high and that of panicle length number of panicle per plant, ratio of ripened grain and 1,000 grain wt. of milled rice were low. According to the result of path coefficient analysis, characters highly correlated with rough rice yield showed large direct effects on rough rice yield.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.414-421
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• 2008

We conducted a QTL analysis of agronomic traits using 117 $BC_3F_5$ and $BC_3F_6$ lines developed from a cross between Ilpumbyeo and Moroberekan. Genotypes of 117 $BC_3F_5$ lines were determined using 134 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 832 Moroberekan chromosome segments with 410 homozygous and 422 heterozygous, respectively, were detected, and the genetic distance of introgression segments ranged from 0.5 cm to 112.1 cm. A linkage map constructed using 134 SSR markers was employed to characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL). The 117 $BC_3F_5$ and $BC_3F_6$ lines were evaluated for seven agronomic traits at two locations in 2006 and 2007 and at one location in 2007. A total of 26 QTLs were identified for seven traits including days to heading, and the phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 9.2% to 24.2%. Moroberekan alleles contributed positive effects in the Ilpumbyeo background at eleven QTL loci including panicle length and spikelets per panicle. Five QTLs, two for days to heading and one each for culm length, panicle length and spikelets per panicle were consistently detected in every occasions indicating that these QTLs are stable. Among them, two QTLs, spp6 for spikelets per panicle and pl6 for paniclel length were localized in the similar region. Increase in spikelets per panicle at this locus might be due to the increase in panicle length, because both traits were associated with increase in spikelets per panicle and panicle length due to the presence of the Moroberekan allele. These Moroberekan QTLs might be useful in breeding programs to develop high-yielding cultivars.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 1985

Degree of heterosis and gene distributions of several agronomic characters of rice were studied with F$_1$ and F$_2$ generations of 9-parent partial diallel cross in 1983-1984. Degree of heterosis was greater in F$_1$ hybrids than F$_2$ hybrids for culm length, panicle length and number of panicle and the heterobeltiosis could be observed in culm length and number of panicle from several crosses. Incomplete dominance was exhibited by culm length, panicle length and number of panicle in F$_1$ and F$_2$ generations.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth characteristics and grain component of 10 collected colored rice cultivars to find out the possibilities of using the agronomically usefull characters to provide information for colored rice breeding and cultivation. The coefficients of variation of culm length, grains number, ripening rate, maturity time, and coat color of grain and seed were higher than those of other characters. The positive correlations were observed among heading dates, grain numbers per panicle, and 1000 grain weight, as well as between culm length and panicle length, panicle length and grain numbers per panicle, 1000 grain weight and darkness of seed coat color, while negative correlations were observed between heading dates and panicle numbers per hill, grain yield and seed coat color as well as among culm length, length, number per hill and seed coat color of brown rice, respectively. The first component of principal component analysis was consist of panicle numbers per hill, 1000 grain weight, and grain yield showing higher correlations among them which explained the variance of the sink size of respective cultivars. The second component of principal component analysis was consist of heading date, grain numbers per panicle and maturing date showing higher correlations among them which explained the variance of maturity of respective cultivars.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 1985

This experiment was conducted to study effect of cold water damage on some growth characters related to source and sink at reproductive growth stage in Jinan (sea level 303m). The cold water irrigation duration had irrigated 4, 8 and 12 days at panicle formation stage and reproduction division stage compared to perennial water irrigation. Cold water irrigation shortened culm length and panicle length and degree of panicle exsertion. The shortening effect appeared great at lower internodes when treated at panicle formation stage but at higher internodes when treated at reduction division stage. Cold water irrigation decreased the number of secondary branches and spikelets per panicle, and increased the number of degenerated spikelets being high degeneration when treated at panicle formation stage. Spikelet sterility and impediment of grain filling were affected by duration of cold water irrigation being great when treated at spikelet primodium differentiation stage and reduction division stage in particular. Grain weight was also reduced. Significant relationship existed between spikelets sterility, grain filling and yield. The degeneration of secondary branches and spikelets correlated with leaf area but spikelet sterility and yield with culm length, panicle length and panicle exsertion.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to study the physiological and ecological responses of agronomic characters related to source and sink relation in rice. Standard deviation and coefficient of variability of agronomic characters by individual tiller were greatly influenced by the lower internodes in the length of internode, flag leaf in the leaf blade, lower leaf blade in the leaf width, and the number and spikelets of secondary rachis branch in panicle. In relation to the parts of source and sink of rice plant and the number of spikelet in panicle, the number of spikelet was significantly correlated with the length and leaf area of second leaf blade, the length of second internode, and culm diameter of third internode. The correlation of the length of panicle with the length of internode and leaf blade was greatly influenced by the length of second leaf blade and second internode. The number of spikelet was increased with increasing the second rachis branch rather than first rachis branch. The content of total inorganic nutrients was greatest at leaf blade followed by leaf sheath and internode, and panicle.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.431-435
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to evaluate Korean red rices as useful genetic resource. Semi-wild red rices were collected from farmer's field of the Korean peninsula from 1988 to 1991. The collected red rices were classified into two groups according to length /width ratio of paddy rice and ecological characters. One was long grain red rice and the other was short grain red rice. Those were evaluated in yield components, culm length and panicle length. Mean number of panicles per hill of collected long grain red rices was 21.5 and that of short grain was 11.8. Number of spikelets per panicile of the long and short grain red rices were 86.1 and 108.7, respectively. 1000 grains weight of long grain was 20.1g and that of short grain was 20.2g. Spikelet fertility of long and short grain were 80.4% and 79.4%, respectively. Culm length of long grain was 103.6cm and that of short grain was 94.8cm. Panicle length of long and short grain were 22.1cm and 21.3cm, respectively. Number of panicles per hill, number of spikelets per panicle and culm length were significantly different between the two groups, however no differences, in panicle, length and seed fertility were found between the two groups.