• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-43
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• 1997

This paper investigates empirically the relationship between various business portfolio properties (particularly technological properties) and chaebol's performance using data on the 50largest chaebols in Korea. In addition to the traditional indexes to measure diversification such as entropy index, we calculated inter-industry technological similarity using R'||'&'||'D expenditure data by industry and 1990 Input-output Table in korea, and obtained chaebol-level technological relatedness and internal transaction proportion from chaebols' business profile, inter-inustry technological similarity and 1990 input-output table. We applied factor analysis on 13 business portfolio property indexes and showed that they could be grouped into 3 dimensions. diversification scope, inter-business relatedness and degree of vertical integration. In this paper, using 50 largest chaebols' financial data (1989-1994), we analyzed empirically the effect of business portfolio properties on ROS(Return On Sales) which is conventional index for firm performance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness in not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business portfolio properties, we obtained three findings. First, only VI(Vertical integration) has a significant positive correlation with ROS. Second, when using TFP growth as an dependent variable, both TR(Technological Relatedness) and VI are significant and positively related to the dependent variable. Third, the interaction term between TR and VI is significant and negatively affects TFP growth, meaning that TR and VI are substitutes. These results suggest strategic directions on restructuring business portfolio. As VI is increased, chaebols will get more profit. A higher level of either TR or VI will increase TFP growth rate, but increase in both TR and VI will have a negative effect on TFP growth. To summarize, certain business portfolio properties such as VI and TR can be considered "resources" themselves since they can affect profit rate and productivity growth. VI and TR have a synergy effect of change in profit rate and productivity growth. VI increases ROS and productivity growth, while TR increases productivity growth representing a technological synergy effect.t.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.35-39
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• 1997

스키는 겨울철에 하는 옥외 스포츠로서, 때로는 -30 .deg. C 정도의 저온이나 강풍이 부는 한냉 환경하에서 행하여지는 경우도 있다. 이러한 한냉환경은 신체기능을 저하시켜서 불쾌감을 증가시키므로 의복의 중요성이 더욱 강조된다. 인간과 환경 사이에 놓여 있는 스키웨어는 그 시대의 세련된 패션성이 요구될 뿐만 아니라 운동기능성, 안전성, 내구성 그리고 쾌적성을 구비하지 않으면 안된다. 따라서 환경이 인체에 미치는 영향이나 인간의 생리적 메커니즘을 인식하므로서 비로서 쾌적한 스키웨어를 만들 수 있는 것이다. 다양한 형태의 삶을 추구하는 현대인들의 관심은 점차 여가 시간의 건전한 활용 및 스포츠에 집중 되고 있다. 이러한 사회적인 경향에 발 맞추어 신소재의 스키웨어의 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 예컨데 태양 광선을 흡수하는 세라믹 투입의 신소재의 개발과 체내에서 방출하는 열을 가능한 발산하지 않는, 두 가 지 기능을 합한 축열보온 소재의 스키웨어와 또 탁월한 방수. 방풍의 효과와 운동시 발생되는 수분. 열 배출 을 위한 투습의 능력이 있고 보온의 효과가 매우 높은 힐스포(HEALSPO) 코팅 소재를 사용한 스키웨어도 개발 되고 있다. 그리고 보온성과 심리적 만족감을 위한 원피스, 투피스, 쓰리피스 타입의 디자인 개발도 진행되 고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한냉하 운동시의 축열보온 소재 및 힐스포 소재와 같은 특수소재 스키웨어가 인 체에 미치는 영향을 다른 일반 소재와 비교 고찰하고, 스키웨어의 디자인에 대한 보온성의 효과를 검토하기 위하여, 저온환경에서의 피험자의 온열생리학적 반응을 측정하였다.한 신장/근력 팀의 경우보다 높은 에너지 소비량과 심박수를 보였다.찰한 결과, 세포독성 및 염색체 이상을 유발하지 않았다. 또한 동물약품으로 사용되는 치료용량 및 투약방법에 근거하여 10mg/kg 및 5, 2.5mg/kg을 1일 1회씩 4회 투여한 군에서도 암수에 상관없이 전 농도 군에서 염색체이상을 나타내지 않아 유전독성을 나타내지 않음을 관찰하였다. 특히 vitamin C와 E의 병용투여는 상승적으로 적용하여 간세포손상을 더욱 억제시킴을 알 수 있었다.mance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness is not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.406-413
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• 1997

근전도(EMG:Electromyogram)를 사용하여 국부 근육 피로(Localized Muscle Fatigue)를 정량화으로 분석 하기 위해 널리 이용되고 있는 AR(Autoregressive)모델의 1차 계수, RMS(Root Mean Square), ZCR(Zero Crossing Rate), MPF(Mean Power Frequency), MF(Median Frequency)를 선택하여, 근육이 발휘하는 힘과 시간의 흐름에 따라 근육 피로의 정도를 민감하게 나타내는 매개변수를 규명하였다. 피실험자 10명의 좌우 척추세움근(Erector Spinae Muscle)을 대상으로 등장수축(Sustained Isometric Contraction)조건에서 허리의 신전(Extension)운동을 실시하였다. 이때 발휘해야 하는 힘의 수준은 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% MVC 로 정하였고 각 수준마다 20초 동안 근전도를 측정하 였다. 데이터 분석은 총20초 구간의 근전도를 0.5초 간격으로 나누어 매개변수들을 각각 구하고 분석을 실시하였다. 시간의 흐름에 대한 피로도 분석 결과, AR 모델의 1차 계수와 MPF가 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 낮은 수준의 %MVC에서는 AR 계수가, 높은 수준에서는 MPF가 민감한 반응 결과를 나타냈다. 그리고 근육이 발휘하는 힘의 정도를 분석하기 위해 주로 사용되고 있는 RMS 보다는 더 AR 계수가 모든 수준에서 뚜렷하게 차이를 보인 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 AR 모델의 1차 계수가 근육의 피로 정도와 힘의 수준을 다른 매개변수에 비해 더욱 민감하게 구별함이 입증되었다. 이러한 결과는 다른 분야에서도 근육 피로를 정량적으로 측정하는데 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 개인적 변이도를 고려한 확률 기법을 사용한다면 보다 정확한 근전도 분석이 이루어질 것으로 기대된다.있음을 알 수 있었다. 사료된다.의 결과는 자전거 에르고노미터의 결과가 트레드밀의 결과에 87.60%정도 나타났다.음을 관찰하였다. 특히 vitamin C와 E의 병용투여는 상승적으로 적용하여 간세포손상을 더욱 억제시킴을 알 수 있었다.mance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness is not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business portfolio properties, we obtained three findings. First, only VI (Vertical integration) has a significant positive correlation with ROS. Second, when using TFP growth as an dependent variable, both TR(Technological Relatedness) and f[ are signif

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.398-405
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• 1997

과거 8년간의(1985-1992) 통계에 의하면 정면과 측면 충돌시 구속 시스텡의 하나인 Airbag장착 차량의 사망자 및 중상자 수가 현저히 감소하고 있는 것으로 나타나고있다. 그 러나 최근 소비자로 부터의 Airbag에 관한 불만을 보고 받고 있다. 즉 구속효과를 발휘함에 있어 부수적으로 인체 부상을 유발하고 있다는 것이다. 사망내지는 심각한 부상은 방지하고 있으나 경미한 부상은 오히려 증가하고 또한 신체가 적은 여성 운전자나 6세 이하의 어린이 에게는 심각한 부상의 우려가 있다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 구속시스템의 총아인 Airbag 시스템의 심각한 부수적인 부상 보고를 입증하기 위하여 우리나라 어린이 6세 신체를 기준 으로하여 구속시스템을 착용하지 않았을 경우(실제로 많은 경우), seat belt만 착용시, Airbag만 작용시, 그리고 seat belt와 Airbag을 동시에 사용할 때를 컴퓨터 Simulation Package 이용 신체 dynamic을 모의실험 하였다. 실험결과, 기존에 알려진바와 같이 구속시스템을 사용하지 않았을 경우에 부상은 매우 컸다. 신체 사이즈가 작은 어린이 혹은 여성 운전자의 경우 Seat belt만을 사용한 경우는 Airbag만을 사용한 경우보다는 부상정도가 약간 경미하였으나 두 경우 모두 인체가 구속시스템의 구속 범위를 이탈하여 구속 시스템으로써의 역할을 충분히 하지 못하고 있었다. 특히 Seat belt와 Airbag을 동시에 사용하였을시에도 Airbag이 충분히 개선된 이후라도 신체 사이즈가 작은 경우에는 흉부부위에 의한 충격 흡수가 먼저 이루어지지 못하고, 머리에 먼저 Airbag이 접촉이 되어 충격 흡수 역할보다는 반동효과가 더 커서 머리 및 몸체가 뒤로 Rebound 하는 효과로 머리, 혹은 목의 신체 부상한계를 넘고 있어 큰 부상 내지는 사망에 이르고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 사료된다.의 결과는 자전거 에르고노미터의 결과가 트레드밀의 결과에 87.60%정도 나타났다.음을 관찰하였다. 특히 vitamin C와 E의 병용투여는 상승적으로 적용하여 간세포손상을 더욱 억제시킴을 알 수 있었다.mance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness is not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business portfolio properties, we obtained three findings. First, only VI (Vertical integration) has a significant positive correlation with ROS. Second, when using TFP growth as an dependent variable, both TR(Technological Relatedness) and f[ are significant and positively rel

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.15-32
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• 2016

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) has been the most essential organization in Asia. In spite of the world economic crisis, Southeast Asian countries have shown fast economic growth since 2000, and they have been actively expanding investments and trades especially with major countries. Research on competitiveness in ASEAN market has spawned an increasingly large literature, but empirical research on the determinants of Korea's export to ASEAN is limited. The purpose of this study is to draw out the determinant of Korean fisheries export to ASEAN by carrying out a panel analysis. For achieving such a purpose, pooled OLS, Hausman Test, Fixed Effect, Random Effect are performed. The last 20 years' data over the period of 1995 to 2014 concentrated on the ASEAN 6 countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam is used in this study. Amount of aquatic products export to ASEAN is used as the dependent variable; real exchange rate, real GDP, relative price level and GDP per capita are used as the explanatory variables and FTA as dummy variable. Empirical results show that fixed-effect analysis is the best model among all the models. As the fixed effect model shows, real exchange rate, real GDP, GDP per capita and dummy variable(FTA) play positive and statistically significant roles in fisheries export to ASEAN, while price variable plays a negative and statistically significant role to the dependent variable.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.243-274
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• 2012

This research analyzes the determinants of Korea's trade using the Gravity model, Chow test and panel data anaysis. According to the pooled panel OLS analysis using the gravity model and Chow-test, Korea's trade patterns before and after the 2008 financial crisis are heterogeneous. Variables of basic gravity model, GDP per capita, distance, and population, identically showed positive and significant correlation with trade volume before and after financial crisis, but also equally showed the decrease in absolute value of coefficient. On the other hands, Overseas Direct Investments(ODI) variable showed the increase in absolute value of coefficient. But TCI was no longer significant. This research is significant in that it is able to show the strategy for the long term growth in Korea's volume of international trade through econometric analysis based on data of 55 trading partner of Korea.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-29
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• 2019

This paper examines the impact of a dual labor market structure on labor productivity using unbalanced panel data from 29 OECD member countries between 1990 and 2015. By applying a variety of regression models on the panel data (e.g., a pooled regression, a fixed effects model and a GMM), we explore how changes in worker-type composition among temporary, permanent and self-employed workers contribute to productivity growth. While it appears that our results differ slightly, depending on the econometric models, overall an increase in the share of permanent workers leads to a relatively higher increase in productivity growth. On the other hand, it is also seen that the effects of the share of temporary workers on labor productivity are considerably lower than that of permanent and self-employed workers. To sum it up, our findings indicate that an increase in temporary workers could have an adverse effect on labor productivity.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.199-216
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• 2023

Rapidly growing cross-border e-commerce exhibits different characteristics from traditional trade. This paper empirically investigates influencing factors of CBEC trade between Korea and foreign countries including product characteristics, such as product type and unit price. We construct panel data based on Korea's e-commerce export data by country and product and analyze it by the OLS, fixed effect, and random effect estimation. Our main findings can be summarized as follows: geographical distance still remained as an obstacle to the CBEC trade, product unit price, and durable consumer goods dummy variables positively affect e-commerce export of Korea, and capital goods dummy variables negatively affect e-commerce export. This research can help us understand the characteristics of cross-border e-commerce and can be used as a basis for future research using product-specific data.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1996.12a
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• pp.265-295
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• 1996

This paper investigates empirically the relationship between various business portfolio properties (particularly technological properties) and chaebol′s performance using data on the 50 largest chaebols in Korea. In addition to the traditional indexes to measure diversification such as entropy index we calculated inter-industry technological similarity using R&D expenditure data by industry and 1990 Input-output Table in Korea, and obtained chaebol-level technological relatedness and internal transaction proportion from chaebols′business profile, inter-industry technological similarity and 1990 input-output table. We applied factor analysis on 13 business portfolio property indexes and showed that they could be grouped into 3 dimensions, diversification scope, inter-business relatedness and degree of vertical integration. In this paper, using 50 largest chaebols′financial data (1989-1994), we analyzed empirically the effect of business portfolio properties on ROS (Return On Sales) which is conventional index for firm performance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness is not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business portfolio properties, we obtained three findings. First, only VI (Vertical integration) has a significant positive correlation with ROS. Second, when using TFP growth as an dependent variable, both TR(Technological Relatedness) and f[ are significant and positively related to the deepened variable. Third, the interaction term between TR and VI is significant and negatively affects TFP growth, meaning that TR and VI are substitutes. These results suggest strategic directions on restructuring business portfolio. As VI is increased, chaebols will get more profit. A higher level of either TR or W will increase TFP growth rate. but increase in both TR and VI will have a negative effect on TFP growth. To summarize, certain business portfolio properties such as VI and TR can be considered "resources" themselves since they can affect profit rate and productivity growth. VI and TR have a synergy effect of change in profit rate and productivity growth. VI increases ROS and productivity growth, while TR increases productivity growth representing a technological synergy effect.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.657-664
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• 2020

We investigate the impact of roads and highways within the provinces on the regional trade of China using the augmented Gravity Model and theory of modeling trade. We take a panel data covering 31 provinces of China over 20 years period (1998-2017) for the estimations. We apply ARMA-OLS model, fixed and random effects, and robust findings by Hausman test. The results imply that road and highway lengths within the provinces have a significantly positive impact on the value of the province-wise exports. The positive impact is due to the fact the increased coverage of roads and highways increase accessibility to resources and mobility of goods and services within the regions. Moreover, employment in the transportation sector, per capita GDP and population of the provinces also illustrate positive and significant influence on regional exports and trade. The impact of China's WTO accession on regional exports has been positive, while the financial crisis has had a negative impact. The year dummies show that, in the years following the financial crisis, China was able to regress from the external shock as trade within the provinces increased. The increase in exports after financial crisis is mainly due to the government policies and support to every province.