• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.95-105
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• 2021

A prerequisite of a sound financial system is effective channeling of financial resources to efficient users; hence maximizing economic and societal welfare. To that end, the prevalence of bad loans in banks in emerging economies is a major policy concern. In an attempt to add to the growing body of literature explaining the interrelationship between macroeconomic and firm-specific factors, and non-performing loans (NPL), this paper examines data from 24 scheduled commercial banks in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2019. Macroeconomic factors as well as firm-specific factors related to profitability, capital strength, and efficiency are considered. Panel data regression analysis is performed to estimate pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects models. Following the necessary testing, it was found that the fixed effects model with robust standard error is appropriate. Results show that return on assets and inflation have a negative influence on NPL, but GDP growth has a favorable impact. The paper concludes by asserting that the evidence supports similar findings from studies both in Bangladesh and elsewhere and it is noted that a combination of these macroeconomic and firm-specific factors explains only a small portion of the total variation in NPL.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Purpose: This study empirically investigates what factors contribute to corporate value in the Korea New Exchange (KONEX) market and determines whether financial constraints contribute any effect on it. Research design, data and methodology: A fixed-effect panel regression model was utilized to analyze financial constraints on firm value for KONEX listed firms through the fiscal period from 2013 to 2020. Results: we find that firms' research and development, volatility, size, and sales growth give significant impacts to firm value, but the significance and direction are different. In addition, no significant relationship exists between the largest shareholder's equity ratio and firm value in all models. The debt-to-equity ratio did not show a significant relationship with corporate value. A significant negative relationship was found between R&D and corporate value in the entire sample. Volitility exhibited a positive relationship with corporate value in the entire sample and financially unconstrained companies. Firm size presented a significant negative relationship with company value in all models. Sales growth showed a significant negative relationship with corporate value in financially constrained companies. Conclusions: No difference is found between financially constrained and unconstrained companies in the KONEX market. We can infer that KONEX companies have a large difference with KOSPI or KOSDAQ. Further analysis is needed on the differences among these markets.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1301-1311
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• 2022

Global climate change brings environmental quality sensitivity, especially in developed countries. Developed countries use non-renewable energy sources intensively both in their own countries and in other countries, they make productions that cause an enormous rate of increase in CO₂ emissions and unsustainable environmental costs. This has increased the interest in environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of nuclear energy consumption and technological innovation on environmental quality in G7 countries using annual data over the period 1970-2015. The Panel Threshold Regression Model was used for the analysis. Empirical findings have indicated that the relationship between nuclear energy consumption and carbon emissions differs according to innovation for nuclear power plants. It was also concluded that nuclear energy consumption reduces carbon emissions more after a certain level of innovation. This result shows that the increase in innovative technologies for nuclear power plants not only increases energy efficiency but also contributes positively to environmental quality.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.89-112
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• 2016

In this paper, as a determining factor of the Environment Kuznets Curve hypothesis, we analyzed the impact of technological innovation. In this paper, in order to empirically validate the role of technological innovation to an inverted U-shaped Environments Kuznets Curve hypothesis, we utilize the 2SLS considering relationship between R&D and the GDP per capita. Also, using the Panel VAR (Panel Vector Auto Regression) model to analyze with what time lag R&D per capita has impact on the emissions of greenhouse gases per capita. Empirical results show that R&D per capita(proxy of innovation) is a important factor to explain Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, and that the external shock such as R&D per capita reduces greenhouse gas emissions per capita with about 3 time lag.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.515-522
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• 2023

Objectives: The pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exerted an unprecedented impact on the health of populations worldwide. However, the adverse health consequences of the pandemic in terms of infection and mortality rates have varied across countries. In this study, we investigate whether COVID-19 mortality rates across a group of developed nations are associated with characteristics of their healthcare systems, beyond the differential policy responses in those countries. Methods: To achieve the study objective, we distinguished healthcare systems based on the extent of healthcare decommodification. Using available daily data from 2020, 2021, and 2022, we applied quantile regression with non-additive fixed effects to estimate mortality rates across quantiles. Our analysis began prior to vaccine development (in 2020) and continued after the vaccines were introduced (throughout 2021 and part of 2022). Results: The findings indicate that higher testing rates, coupled with more stringent containment and public health measures, had a significant negative impact on the death rate in both pre-vaccination and post-vaccination models. The data from the post-vaccination model demonstrate that higher vaccination rates were associated with significant decreases in fatalities. Additionally, our research indicates that countries with healthcare systems characterized by high and medium levels of decommodification experienced lower mortality rates than those with healthcare systems involving low decommodification. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that stronger public health infrastructure and more inclusive social protections have mitigated the severity of the pandemic's adverse health impacts, more so than emergency containment measures and social restrictions.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.307-328
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• 2009

This study aims to investigate the patterns and causes of the marital duration. Data used for this study are ten waves of Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS) in 1998~2007, in which the final sample consists of 2,397 households. The Life-table method is used for describing the overall patterns of marital duration by birth-cohorts and different education groups, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model is used to identify significant factors on the marital duration. The results show that among the all respondents, the 0.79% has divorced or separated within five years after marriage, 2.12% within 10 years, and 5.84% within 20 years, respectively. In addition, the Cox regression results show that the marital duration is significantly affected by the birth-cohorts of respondents and their spouses, education level, earning of spouses, co-residence with parents, and household income. This implies that the hazard rate of marital disruption is higher for younger cohorts, individuals with lower education and economic status, persons living with parents-in-law, compared to their counterparts. Thus, it is necessary to implement social welfare policies applicable for these persons.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the leading price between Jeju and Wando's oliver flounder producer price and to analyze the dynamic effect of the regional producer price using the panel VAR model. In the process of analysis, it was confirmed that there are unit roots in the monthly data of Jeju and Wando's oliver flounder producer price. So, in order to avoid spurious regression, the rate change of producer price which carries out log difference was used in the analysis. As a result of the analysis, first, the panel Granger causality test showed that the influence of the change rate of producer price in oliver flounder in Jeju was slightly larger than that in Wando, but it was found that each region all leads the change rate of the producer price in oliver flounder. Second, the panel VAR estimation showed that the rate change of producer price in Jeju and Wando a month ago had a statistically significant effect on the change rate of producer price of each region. Third, the impulse response analysis indicated that other regions are affected a little more than the same region in case of the occurrence of the impact on the error terms of the change rate of produce price in Jeju and Wando oliver flounder. Fourth, the variance decomposition analysis showed that the change rate of producer price in the two regions was higher explained by Jeju compared to Wando. In conclusion, it is expected that the above results can not only be useful as basic data for the stabilization of oliver flounder producer price and the establishment of policies for easing volatility but can also help the oliver flounder industry operate its business.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.491-497
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• 2018

This study analyzes the relationship between R&D input and performance using panel data from the defense industry. A research model is established based on the R&D logic model, and the study sample consists of a strongly balanced panel data (n=351) empirically analyzed using panel linear regression. Results identified that defense improvement expenditure has a positive influence on the R&D input, and R&D input positively affected patents using a 5-year time lag. In addition, R&D input positively impacts economic performance, including sales and profit. Hence, the major finding includes R&D inputs have statistically significant effects on economic outcome and the R&D logic model featuring a time-lag.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of broadband access, education level, population numbers, and investment on the unemployment rate in Indonesia. Research design, data, and methodology: This study uses panel data from 34 provinces from 2016 to 2019. The analysis uses the fixed-effect model for panel data with the Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) estimation method. Results: Broadband access has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate. Mean years of school, population, and foreign direct investment also have a negative and significant impact on the unemployment rate. In contrast, the domestic direct investment variable has a positive and significant effect. Conclusion: The availability of broadband access in an area allows easier and faster access to information. The ease of access to such information can affect producing goods and services, encouraging innovation and employment growth, and reducing the unemployment rate. This research recommends that the government intensify the Indonesia Broadband Plan policy to accelerate the development and equitable distribution of broadband access in all regions of Indonesia.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.213-224
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• 2020

Purpose: This study is a descriptive and secondary analytical study that uses panel data to identify the factors of medication adherence to improve life care of hypertensive patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were 2,484 patients who were taking medication after hypertension using Korea Medical Panel 2015 data (β-version 1.0). Data analysis was performed using Chi-Square, Scheffe's test, and logistic regression using SPSS/win 22.0. Results: The level of medication adherence in patients with hypertension was 94.2%. The factors of medication adherence were gender and age in Model I of demographic factors, and the presence of disability, smoking, and drinking in Model II. Model III, which added drug use factors, was identified as drinking, drug duration, side effects, drug satisfaction, and payment of drug costs. Conclusion: In order to improve life care for hypertension patients, education and interventions on the importance of take medication and side effects of medications and how to take them will be needed in the early stages of diagnosis.