• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.13-18
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• 2020

Purpose: Research and development of human capital in countries bring sustainable development to the nations. Especially for developing countries, the attraction of foreign direct investment not only brings economic growth to the country but also contributes to improving human capital. This study aims to assess the impact of foreign direct investment on human capital in ASEAN countries. Research design, data and methodology: With data collected from ASEAN countries from 1990 to 2019, panel data analysis is performed with revised model types (the Pooled OLS, Fixed effect model, Random effect model and regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors). Result: The results of the regression analysis show that FDI has a positive impact on human capital. At the same time, the study also found that public investment in education also positively affects human capital; the life expectancy factor does not affect human capital. Conclusions: With this research result, the authors also proposed a number of solutions to improve human capital by attracting FDI and improving the efficiency of investment for the education of ASEAN countries. Besides, public expenditure on education also plays an important role in raising human capital. Therefore, investment in education should be promoted further in the future.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

Purpose: This study extends previous empirical work on the threshold effects of institutions on the relationship between infrastructure and economic growth. It does so by using three sub-indices of institutions as the threshold variable in place of aggregate index. This is with a view to determining the roles of the sub-indices in the nexus between infrastructure and economic growth. Research design, data and methodology: The analysis is based on a dynamic panel threshold regression model using a panel data set comprising 41 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa over the sample period of 1996-2015. Data are obtained from Ogbaro (2019). Results: The study finds that infrastructure exerts significant positive effects on economic growth below and above the threshold values of the three sub-indices, with higher effects above the threshold values. Results also show that on average, the Sub-Saharan African countries are not able to satisfy any of the threshold conditions, which accounts for their poor growth experience. Conclusion: The study concludes that countries with weak institutions do not benefit maximally from infrastructure development policies. The paper, therefore, recommends that countries in Sub-Saharan Africa need to focus on improving their institutional patterns if they are to reap the optimum benefits from their infrastructure development efforts.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.89-112
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• 2016

In this paper, as a determining factor of the Environment Kuznets Curve hypothesis, we analyzed the impact of technological innovation. In this paper, in order to empirically validate the role of technological innovation to an inverted U-shaped Environments Kuznets Curve hypothesis, we utilize the 2SLS considering relationship between R&D and the GDP per capita. Also, using the Panel VAR (Panel Vector Auto Regression) model to analyze with what time lag R&D per capita has impact on the emissions of greenhouse gases per capita. Empirical results show that R&D per capita(proxy of innovation) is a important factor to explain Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, and that the external shock such as R&D per capita reduces greenhouse gas emissions per capita with about 3 time lag.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.95-104
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• 2020

This study examines the effect of fintech on retail banks stock return listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2016-2018 as today's new technology lead to the emergence of fintech companies playing the same role as retail banks in the financial industry. This study is conducted quantitatively using monthly data from January 2016 to October 2018 and uses fintech as independent variable, proxied by fintech funding frequency and fintech funding value. Data transformation is conducted due to data volatility. The data of fintech funding, both frequency and value, is transformed into standardized fintech funding and growth of fintech funding. The data is obtained from Crunchbase, while the data of stock returns is obtained from Investing. This study further analyzes the data using Fama French Three-Factor Model and panel data regression. We found that fintech has no significant effect on retail banks' stock returns listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2016-2018. The findings of the study provide some useful insights in understanding fintech companies' current position to retail banks in Indonesia. This study also suggests banking institutions, fintech companies, policy-makers, and others to take advantageous steps in building inclusive financial sectors.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2023

Objectives: We used the 2019 Korea Health Panel Annual Data to analyze factors related to visits to Korean medicine (KM) outpatient clinics among patients with mood disorders in Korea. Methods: Individuals aged 19 years or older, with depressive or bipolar disorders, and with a record of using Western medicine (WM) and/or the KM medical service were included. The 266 subjects were classified into the WM group or the integrative medicine (IM) group. The Andersen healthcare utilization model was used to analyze factors that potentially influenced the subjects' healthcare utilization. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors influencing the use of IM medical services. Results: Among the subjects, 75.56% (n=201) were in the WM group, and 24.44% (n=65) were in the IM group. Statistically significant differences were observed in residential areas, total annual income, the presence of disability, and the level of pain/discomfort between the two groups. Regression analysis found that residential areas and pain/discomfort were factors related to the use of IM services. Specifically, reporting "a lot" of pain/discomfort compared to "no" pain/discomfort showed a significant positive relationship with the use of IM (odds ratio=4.57, 95% confidence interval=1.79 to 11.70). Conclusions: This study was the first to analyze the status of KM medical service use and related factors among patients with mood disorders in Korea. The finding that the presence of pain/discomfort was positively correlated with the use of KM services is potentially related to medically unexplained physical symptoms or somatization phenomena.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.307-328
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• 2009

This study aims to investigate the patterns and causes of the marital duration. Data used for this study are ten waves of Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS) in 1998~2007, in which the final sample consists of 2,397 households. The Life-table method is used for describing the overall patterns of marital duration by birth-cohorts and different education groups, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model is used to identify significant factors on the marital duration. The results show that among the all respondents, the 0.79% has divorced or separated within five years after marriage, 2.12% within 10 years, and 5.84% within 20 years, respectively. In addition, the Cox regression results show that the marital duration is significantly affected by the birth-cohorts of respondents and their spouses, education level, earning of spouses, co-residence with parents, and household income. This implies that the hazard rate of marital disruption is higher for younger cohorts, individuals with lower education and economic status, persons living with parents-in-law, compared to their counterparts. Thus, it is necessary to implement social welfare policies applicable for these persons.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.219-225
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• 2022

5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Weather (AR5) predicts that recent severe hydrological events will affect the quality of water and increase water pollution. To analyze changes in water quality due to future climate change, input data (precipitation, average temperature, relative humidity, average wind speed, and solar radiation) were compiled into a representative concentration curve (RC), defined using 8.5. AR5 and future use are calculated based on land use. Semi-distributed emission model Calculate emissions for each target period. Meteorological factors affecting water quality (precipitation, temperature, and flow) were input into a multiple linear regression (MLR) model and an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze the data. Extensive experimental studies of flow properties have been carried out. In addition, an Acoustic Doppler Velocity (ADV) device was used to monitor the flow of a large open channel connection in a wastewater treatment plant in Ho Chi Minh City. Observations were made along different streams at different locations and at different depths. Analysis of measurement data shows average speed profile, aspect ratio, vertical position Measure, and ratio the vertical to bottom distance for maximum speed and water depth. This result indicates that the transport effect of the compound was considered when preparing the hazard analysis.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.113-139
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to establish evaluation model that can explain marginal effects of baseball players of Korean Baseball Organization (KBO) on their team winnings in terms of productivity. We proposed econometric model with using variables that are provided from official homepage of KBO to overcome the complexity of mainly used productivity index: wins above replacement (WAR). Also, compare to the previous studies such as Scully(1974) or Krautmann(1999) that using limited indices of baseball stats, this study included 61 indices that are provided from official homepage of KBO. We estimated regression based WAR(RBWAR) by conducting panel regression with each team's statistics data of 2002 to 2014. As a results, RBWAR shows 0.869 correlation coefficient for batters and 0.882 for pitchers with WAR in 2014 that can be concluded that two indices shows similar results. From the results of estimation, we analyze the relationship between productivity and actual contract of free agent players in 2015 and it showed that teams have contracted reasonably.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-101
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• 2011

Using an establishment-level panel data drawn from the employment insurance administrative DB, this study investigates the relationship between elderly and youth employment in Korea. The primary focus of interest is whether or not the ageing of workforce and an increase in elderly employment have negative impacts on youth employment. In the regression using the full sample, we find the evidence that a movement in elderly employment and ageing workforce are positively related to youth employment. However, we do not find consistent evidence of the positive impact of the elderly employment on youth employment in the estimations using sub-samples divided by various criteria.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2017

Purpose - In this article, a dynamic model like a VAR is an appropriate choice for estimating the possible interrelationship between ownership structure and firm performance as a dynamic process. Research design, data, and methodology - Data of this work are collected from Chinese stock exchange including 350 Chinese-listed firms during the period of 1999-2012. We hypothesize that this interrelationship dynamically exists between ownership structure and firm performance. To examine the correlation, a panel Vector Auto-regression (PVAR) approach generated by GMM method is utilized to test the possible dynamic relation embedded in corporate governance. Another two dynamic analysis solutions such as orthogonalized impulse-response function and variance decomposition are also used simultaneously. Results - Findings of this study indicate the evidence that dynamically endogenous relationship exists between ownership structure and firm performance. Further, there is a dynamical correlation between investment and performance. Impulse response and variance decomposition illustrate that impact of a shock to variables themselves is the main source for their variability. Conclusions - The conclusion in this study is that there is a bidirectional and inter-temporal effect between proportion of ownership and corporate performance for a long run in accordance with impulse response function. Overall, our results suggest that corporate governance in China is more market oriented.