• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.451-457
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• 2021

Over the last decades, research has focused on the role of pleckstrin homology (PH) domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPPs) in regulating cellular signaling via PI3K/Akt inhibition. The PKB/Akt signaling imbalances are associated with a variety of illnesses, including various types of cancer, inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and diabetes, demonstrating the relevance of PHLPPs in the prevention of diseases. Furthermore, identification of novel substrates of PHLPPs unveils their role as a critical mediator in various cellular processes. Recently, researchers have explored the increasing complexity of signaling networks involving PHLPPs whereby relevant information of PHLPPs in metabolic diseases was obtained. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of PHLPPs on the well-known substrates and metabolic regulation, especially in liver, pancreatic beta cell, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in relation with the stated diseases. Understanding the context-dependent functions of PHLPPs can lead to a promising treatment strategy for several kinds of metabolic diseases.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate value of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) as a negative oral contrast agent in MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Materials and methods : Forty-eight patients with suspected biliary tract or pancreatic diseases and six healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. All MR images were obtained using a 1.5 T MR unit. MR-CP using fat-suppressed half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) and turbo spin echo (TSE) techniques were performed and reconstructed with maximal intensity projection (MIP). To determine the most optimal concentration of SPIO to obliterate the high signal intensity of water, a phantom experiment was conducted with various concentrations of SPIO-water mixture. Two radiologists evaluated pre- and postcontrast MRCPS. The contrast enhancement was assessed on the basis of loss of signal intensity in the stomach and duodenum. Results : In the phantom experiment, a significant increase of percentage of signal intensity loss (PSIL) occurred in concentration of 22.4 ugFe/ml (Feridex1 ml diluted with water 500 ml). Postcontrast MRCP showed an improved image quality compared with precontrast images. The rate of improvement in the diagnosis of diseases of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct was 25% (12/48). Conclusion : In patients with suspected biliary tract and pancreatic diseases, the SPIO is useful as a negative oral contrast agent for MRCP and provides an improvement of image quality.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2018

Quercetin and resveratrol are known to have beneficial effects on the diabetes and diabetic complication, however, the effects of combined treatment of these compounds on diabetes are not fully revealed. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the combined antidiabetic action of quercetin (QE) and resveratrol (RS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To test the effects of co-treated with these compounds on diabetes, serum glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, oxidative stress biomarkers, and ions were determined. Additionally, the activities of hepatic glucose metabolic enzymes and histological analyses of pancreatic tissues were evaluated. 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups; normal control, 50 mg/kg STZ-induced diabetic, and three (30 mg/kg QE, 10 mg/kg RS, and combined) compound-treated diabetic groups. The elevated serum blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and dyslipidemia in diabetic rats were significantly improved by QE, RS, and combined treatments. Oxidative stress and tissue injury biomarkers were dramatically inhibited by these compounds. They also shown to improve the hematological parameters which were shown to the hyperlactatemia and ketoacidosis as main causes of diabetic complications. The compounds treatment maintained the activities of hepatic glucose metabolic enzymes and structure of pancreatic ${\beta}-cells$ from the diabetes, and it is noteworthy that cotreatment with QE and RS showed the most preventive effect on the diabetic rats. Therefore, our study suggests that cotreatment with QE and RS has beneficial effects against diabetes. We further suggest that cotreatment with QE and RS has the potential for use as an alternative therapeutic strategy for diabetes.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: Open cholecystectomy is becoming obsolete and laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the treatment of choice in gallstone diseases. Difficult gallbladders are encountered whenever there is a frozen calot's triangle, obliterated cystic plate, or both. Rather than converting to open procedure, there has been a growing preference for laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) during difficult gallbladders. This study aimed to assess the advantages, indications, and viability of LSC in difficult gallbladders. Methods: The study included patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, from January 2021 to January 2023. Data of the patients who underwent LSC for difficult gallbladders included demographics, comorbidities, operative time, conversion to open cholecystectomy, length of hospital stay, and complications. LSC was classified into three types depending on the part of the gallbladder remnant. Results: A total of 728 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Among them, 41 patients (5.6%) were attempted for LSC. However, one patient was converted to an open procedure and the rest 40 underwent LSC. LSC was divided into 3 types, 4 patients underwent LSC type I, 34 patients underwent type II, and 2 patients type III. The average operating time and postoperative length of hospital stay were 86.2 minutes and 2.1 days, respectively. Two patients had surgical site infection. No patient had a bile leak and none required intensive care unit care. Conclusions: LSC is a safe and feasible option for use in difficult gallbladders.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease requiring liver transplantation (LT). The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and posttransplant courses of seven LT recipients with PFIC. Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study of patients with PFIC who underwent LT from January 2013 to June 2020. Results: Two and five patients were diagnosed with PFIC type 1 and type 2, respectively. For all seven patients, age of PFIC onset was at birth. Jaundice was present in all cases. Mean pretransplant total and direct bilirubin levels were 16.1 ± 8.1 mg/dL and 12.4 ± 6.2 mg/dL, respectively. Median patient age and body weight at LT were 10 months and 7 kg, respectively. Types of donors were mothers of patients in four and deceased donors in three. All five patients with PFIC type 2 recovered uneventfully. One patient each with PFIC type 1 underwent retransplantation due to graft failure or died due to multi-organ failure. Overall graft and patient survival rates at five years were 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Bile salt export pump immunohistochemical staining showed normal canalicular expression in two patients with PFIC type 1, focal loss in two patients with PFIC type 2, and total loss in three patients with PFIC type 2. Conclusions: LT is currently the only effective treatment for PFIC-associated end-stage liver diseases. It is mandatory to perform regular follow-up due to the risk of complications including steatohepatitis, especially for patients with PFIC type 1.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1232-1240
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• 2023

Objective: To investigate the imaging characteristics of large duct pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (LD-PDAC) on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients with LD-PDAC (63.2 ± 9.7 years) were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor morphology on CT and MRI (predominantly solid mass vs. solid mass with prominent cysts vs. predominantly cystic mass) was evaluated. Additionally, the visibility, quantity, shape (oval vs. branching vs. irregular), and MRI signal intensity of neoplastic cysts within the LD-PDAC were investigated. The radiological diagnoses rendered for LD-PDAC in radiology reports were reviewed. Results: LD-PDAC was more commonly observed as a solid mass with prominent cysts (45.7% [16/35] on CT and 37.1% [13/35] on MRI) or a predominantly cystic mass (20.0% [7/35] on CT and 40.0% [14/35] on MRI) and less commonly as a predominantly solid mass on CT (34.3% [12/35]) and MRI (22.9% [8/35]). The tumor morphology on imaging was significantly associated with the size of the cancer gland on histopathological examination (P = 0.020 [CT] and 0.013 [MRI]). Neoplastic cysts were visible in 88.6% (31/35) and 91.4% (32/35) of the LD-PDAC cases on CT and MRI, respectively. The cysts appeared as branching (51.6% [16/35] on CT and 59.4% [19/35] on MRI) or oval shapes (45.2% [14/35] on CT and 31.2% [10/35] on MRI) with fluid-like MRI signal intensity. In the radiology reports, 10 LD-PDAC cases (28.6%) were misinterpreted as diseases other than typical PDAC, particularly intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Conclusion: LD-PDAC frequently appears as a solid mass with prominent cysts or as a predominantly cystic mass on CT and MRI. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features of LD-PDAC to avoid misdiagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2005

Objectives : Patrinia scabiosaefolia (PS) has long been as a remedy for treating infectious diseases in Korea. In the present experiments, the author examined the effects of PS on the cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK)-induced pancreatitis (AP) in rats. Methods : Male Wister rats weighing 200 to 250 g were divided into two group. Normal untreated group, in treatment with PS group; PS was administered orally, followed by $75{\mu}g/kg$ CCK subcutaneously three times, after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 days. In treatment with saline group, the protocol was the same as in treatment group with PS. The author determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic heat shock proteins(HSP)60, HSP72 and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results and Conclusion : PS was significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in CCK-induced AP. PS increased HSP60 and HSP72 compared with CCK-induced AP. Additionally, the secretion of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 the levels of amylase and lipase were lower than that of saline. These results suggest that PS may has a inhibitory effect against CCK-induced AP.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.631-649
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• 2010

Objective : The object of this study was to observe the effects of aqueous extracts of Chunglijagam-tang(CLJGT), which has traditionally been used in Korean medicine for treating various diseases, on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced rat diabetes and related complications: diabetic nephropathy, hepatopathy and hyperlipemia. Methods : CLJGT extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days at a dosage 50, 100 and 200mg/kg from 21 days after STZ treatment, and the changes on body weights, blood glucose levels, kidney and liver weights, serum BUN(blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, AST(aspartate transaminase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase), HDL(high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed with pancreatic malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH) contents. The results were compared with silymarin 100mg/kg. Results : Significant decrease of blood glucose levels, kidney and liver weights, serum BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, pancreatic malondialdehyde contents and significant increase of body weights, serum HDL levels, pancreatic glutathione contents were detected in CLJGT extracts 50, 100 and 200mg/kg administered groups as compared to the STZ control group. Conclusion : CLJGT extracts showed favorable effects on the STZ-induced diabetes and related complications mediated by their antioxidant effects as similar to silymarin. Therefore, it is expected that DBEH has potential for use in the management of diabetes and various diabetic complications.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2005

Objective : Patriniae Herba (PH) has long been used as a remedy for treating infectious diseases in Korea. In the present experiments, the author examined the effects of PH on the cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats. Methods : Male Wistar rat weighing 200 to 250 g were divided into three groups. Normal untreated group, in treatment with PH group; PH (1g/kg) was administered orally, followed by $75\;{\mu}g/kg$ CCK subcutaneously three times, after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 days. In treatment with saline group, the protocol was the same as in treatment group with PH. The author determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic HSP60, HSP72 and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods : Repeated CCK treatment resulted in the typical laboratory and morphological changes of experimentally induced pancreatitis. PH was significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in CCK-induced AP. Futhermore, the author demonstrated that PH increased HSP60 and HSP72 compared with CCK-induced AP. Additionally, the secretion of $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 the levels of amylase and lipase were lower than that saline. Conclusions : These results suggest that PH may has a inhibitory effect against CCK-induced AP.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 1983

In order to assess the diagnostic aid of serum gammaglutamyl transpeptidase values in hepatitis, obstructive jaundice and pancreatitis, four groups of 14 health dogs were subjected to the gastric intubatin of $CCl_4$(1.5ml/kg of body weight), the ligation of common bile duct, the ligation of pancreatic ducts and the injection of chloroform(0.2ml/kg of body weight) in the parenchyma of the pancreas. Some serum enzymes serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT), serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(SGOT), total bilirubin, amylase and lipase known to be indicative of hepatic and pancreatic diseases were monitored. In comparision of these enzymes, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGTP) valuers were determined in these dogs before and after the experimental procedures. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In $CCl_4$ intoxication gorup, there were no significant changes in serum GGTP activities(mean: 6.0~14.6 IU/L). 2. In bile duct ligation group, serum GGTP activities shelved marked increases, beginning at postsurgical day 1 and rose the highest mean value(342.7 IU/L) on day 12. Then the activities never approached to the base-line values. 3. After the ligation of pancreatic ducts and the injection of chloroform in the pancreas, serum GGTP activities did not rise throughout the experiment. 4. SGPT:GGTP ratio did not increase in bile duct ligation group, but increase markedly in $ccl_4$ intoxication group. 5. The results indicated that serum GGTP values or SGPT:GGTP ratio could provide valuable indicators for differential diagnosis between hepatobiliary obstruction and hepatocellular disease.