• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of agronomic characters, their path coefficients in 2, 3 and 4-year old ginseng plants, and to provide a useful information for ginseng breeding. Correlation coefficients between stem fen변h, number of leaves and number of Iraflets in 2-year age, and stem diameter and leaf length in 3-year age showed highly significant correlation with number of fruits and root weight in 4-year age. The path coefficient analysis indicated that stem length and number of leaflets might give indirect effects on root weight regardless of plant age. On the other hand, stem length and number of leaflets in 2-year age and, stem diameter and leaf length in 3-year age showed direct effects on root weight in 4-year old ginseng. These results may be used for selection of high-yielding ginseng plants. Key words Selection information, correlation and path coefficient analysis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.552-562
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides are the unique and bioactive components in ginseng. Ginsenosides are affected by the growing environment and conditions. In New Zealand (NZ), Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng) is grown as a secondary crop under a pine tree canopy with an open-field forest environment. There is no thorough analysis reported about NZ-grown ginseng. Methods: Ginsenosides from NZ-grown P. ginseng in different parts (main root, fine root, rhizome, stem, and leaf) with different ages (6, 12, 13, and 14 years) were extracted by ultrasonic extraction and characterized by Liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Twenty-one ginsenosides in these samples were accurately quantified and relatively quantified with 13 ginsenoside standards. Results: All compounds were separated in 40 min, and a total of 102 ginsenosides were identified by matching MS spectra data with 23 standard references or published known ginsenosides from P. ginseng. The quantitative results showed that the total content of ginsenosides in various parts of P. ginseng varied, which was not obviously dependent on age. In the underground parts, the 13-year-old ginseng root contained more abundant ginsenosides among tested ginseng samples, whereas in the aboveground parts, the greatest amount of ginsenosides was from the 14-year-old sample. In addition, the amount of ginsenosides is higher in the leaf and fine root and much lower in the stem than in the other parts of P. ginseng. Conclusion: This study provides the first-ever comprehensive report on NZ-grown wild simulated P. ginseng.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1990

인삼의 조직에 Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 15834와 A4을 감염하여 형질전화체를 얻었다. 이는 인삼에서처럼 무균식물을 얻기어려운 경우 leaf disk 방법으로 모상근을 유도할 수 있었다. 모상근의 ginsenoside(Rg2,Rg1,Rf,Rd,Rc,Rbl, and Rb2)는 HPLC에 의해 定量하였으며, 진탕배양한 모상근의 ginsenoside의 함량은 0.34-1.19% 건량이었다. 이러한 결과는 재배 인삼과 배양 인삼의 ginsenoside의 함량에 비해 좋은 성과라고 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2016

Background: Wild ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer, is an endangered species of medicinal plants. In the present study, we analyzed variations within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cluster to gain insight into the genetic diversity of the Oriental ginseng, P. ginseng, at artificial plant cultivation. Methods: The roots of wild P. ginseng plants were sampled from a nonprotected natural population of the Russian Far East. The slides were prepared from leaf tissues using the squash technique for cytogenetic analysis. The 18S rDNA sequences were cloned and sequenced. The distribution of nucleotide diversity, recombination events, and interspecific phylogenies for the total 18S rDNA sequence data set was also examined. Results: In mesophyll cells, mononucleolar nuclei were estimated to be dominant (75.7%), while the remaining nuclei contained two to four nucleoli. Among the analyzed 18S rDNA clones, 20% were identical to the 18S rDNA sequence of P. ginseng from Japan, and other clones differed in one to six substitutions. The nucleotide polymorphism was more expressed at the positions 440-640 bp, and distributed in variable regions, expansion segments, and conservative elements of core structure. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed conspecificity of ginseng plants cultivated in different regions, with two fixed mutations between P. ginseng and other species. Conclusion: This study identified the evidences of the intragenomic nucleotide polymorphism in the 18S rDNA sequences of P. ginseng. These data suggest that, in cultivated plants, the observed genome instability may influence the synthesis of biologically active compounds, which are widely used in traditional medicine.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1985

인삼의 소엽, 장엽, 식물체 전엽면적의 간역추정방법을 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6년생 인삼엽을 이용하여 조사하였딘 바 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 엽면적과 엽장(L)$\times$엽폭(W)이 소엽위치 및 년생에 관계없이 모든 소엽에서 상관계수가 가장 컸다. 2. 1매의 중앙소엽으로 장엽면적, 식물체 전엽면적 추정이 가능하였으며 추정식은 1년생과 2년생이상과 달랐으나 2연생이상에서는 그들간에 차이가 없었다. 3. 엽면적계산식은 1년생에서 중앙소엽면적 A=0.64LW, 장엽면적 A'=A/0.38, 2년이상에서 A=0.60LW. A'=A/0.32, 주당엽면적 A"=A'$\times$장엽수였다. 4. 20% 투광하에서 생육한 인삼의 엽면적 추정도 관행일복하(투광량 5%)에서 자란 인삼엽에서 유도된 식으로 가능하였다.능하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.244-247
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• 2010

It's crucial to control Alternaria blight and Anthracnose emerging mostly on ginseng leaves during the rainy season to increase the organic ginseng products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficay of lime-brodeaux spray on the ginseng leaves and evaluate the growth and yield of the ginseng, and the contents of ginsenoside and 70% ethanol extracts from 3-year-old ginseng variety, Cheonpoong. Lime-bordeaux sprayings were conducted in the ratio of 6-6 in June, 8-8 from July to September every 15 days. After June 10, the spraying have no effects on the growth leaf and stem, and there was no significant increase in chlorophyll contents. The ratio of intact leaf and root were distinctly increased because Alternaria blight and Anthracnose were decreased by spraying lime-bordeaux mixture. Root weight per plant and root yield were increased by 15%, and 62% in 3-year old ginseng, respectively, because the ratio of intact leaf and root were higher by using lime-bordeaux mixture. Furthermore, spraying of lime-bordeaux mixture is prone to increase the ratio of rusty root in ginseng. Spraying of lime-bordeaux mixture decreased both of the contents of ginsenoside and 70% ethanol extract by 13.7%, and 15.2% in 3-year-old ginseng, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2002

본 연구는 인삼에 존재하는 calcium oxalate 결정체의 분포 위치, 형태 및 미세구조에 관하여 밝히고자 광학현미경, 조직화학적 방법 및 주사 전자현미경적 방법 등을 사용하여 연구 하였다. 인삼의 결정체는 calcium oxalate의 성분으로 구성되며, 결정체는 몸통뿌리, 지근, 뇌두, 줄기, 장엽병, 소엽병, 꽃대 등 대부분의 기관에서 관찰되었다 특히 지상부는 잎에서,지하부는 뇌두에서 가장 많은 결정체가 관찰되었다. 인삼에 존재하는 결정체는 silver nitrate-rubeanic acid를 사용한 조직화학적 반응을 실시한 결과 calcium oxalate치 성분으로 확인되었다. 또한 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 삼각뿔 형태의 결정체가 다수 모여서 형성된 유형, 프리즘 형태의 소결정이 모여서 형성된 유형 및 얇은 판상의 소결정이 모여서 형성된 유형 등 3가지 형태로 구분 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 1989

The effects of orally administered ginseng leaf saponins(GLS) on the analgesic action of morphine, the development of morphine induced tolerance and physical dependence, and the hepatic flutathione contents in mice were investigated. GLS antagonized the analgesic action of morphine and inhibited the development of morphine induced tolerance and physical dependence. It also inhibited the decrease in hepatic glutathione level induced by multiple injections of morphine.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.337-340
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• 2008

Seedlings of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) were grown to full canopy establishment and then leaflet or leaf removal at different times applied to determine the effects on plant growth and performance. Leaf removal at 47, 57, 69 and 78 days after seeding resulted in 82.1, 59.8, 41.3 and 29.8% reduction, respectively, in root dry matter (economic yield) ; this indicates that leaf removal during the early root growth period causes greatest reduction in root yield. Removal of 1, 2, and 3 leaflets at 42, 52, 62 and 70 days from seeding reduced root weight at harvest (80 days from seeding) linearly, particularly at earlier removal dates. The perennating bud formed on all roots and was not influenced by treatment. This would suggest that if leaf loss occurs after canopy establishment the plant will re-grow the next year after the obligatory dormancy period.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.705-718
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• 2014

본 연구는 인삼점무늬병과 탄저병에 대한 친환경자재로 만들어진 친환경 살균제의 억제효과를 알아보기 위해서 수행을 했다. 인삼 점무늬병과 인삼 탄저병들은 인삼뿌리가 비대하기 시작하기 전에 낙엽을 시켜서 수확량을 크게 감소하는 주요한 병들이다. 천연칼슘, 녹차추출물, 홍삼박 술등은 A. panax에 의해서 유발된 인삼 점무늬병에 대해서 상당한 억제효과를 보였고 게 껍질 발효액과 익모초자연즙액은 C. gloeosporioides에 의해서 유발된 인삼탄저병에 대해서 큰 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이들 친환경 살균제는 치료효능보다 대체적으로 예방효능이 더 우수 하였다. 그러므로 이들 친환경 자재들은 인삼 유기재배포장에서 사용할 수 없는 화학농약을 대체하는 살균제로써 이용할 수 있고 그들의 억제효과를 극대화하기 위해 발병 전에 처리를 해야 한다.