• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2009

Objectives : We tried to investigate the effects of Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture and Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture on human body with the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in adult man. As well as we tried to investigate how safe Panax Ginseng Radix and Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture on the the human being. Methods : We investigated on 44 healthy volunteers consisted of 16 subjects in Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture group, 13 subjects in Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture group and 15 subjects in Normal Saline. We ruled out subjects who wasn't stable by rest, with in the limit of normal heart beat(60-120cycle/min). Study form was a randomized, clinical trial. Each group was injected Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture, Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture and Normal Saline $0.2m{\ell}$ at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong). We measured HRV on 7 times : before and after injection per 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The SPSS 13.0 for windows was used to analyze the data by the paired t-test(in the group) and Anova test(among the groups) were used to verify the result. Results : 1. After Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture injection, SDNN was significantly high, pNN50 was significantly low, Ln(TP) was significantly high, Ln(VLF) was significantly high, Ln(LF) was significantly high at 30 minutes. 2. After Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture injection, Complexity was significantly low, Ln(VLF) was significantly high at 30 minutes. 3. HRV-index made a significant difference between the Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture and normal saline at 5 minutes(p=0.02). 4. There wasn's any pain the injected region and whole body, rubefaction, uredo, nausea, vomiting, colic, headache, dizziness within 24 hours. Measured data and mean value of Mean-HRV was within normal range. Conclusions : The results suggested that and Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture in healthy adult man tended to activate the vagus nervous system within normal range.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Panax ginseng Radix herb-acupuncture on c-fos expression in each area of the hippocampus of acutely ethanol-intoxicated rats. Methods : Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley tats were divided into untreated(normal), ethanol-treated(control), Panax ginseng Radix-treated(sample A), ethanol-and Panax gingseng Radix-treated(sample B) groups. Each group was evaluated by the changes of c-fos-positive neurons in each area of the hippocampus by using and image analyzer and microscope. Results : 1. In the CA1 area, the number of c-fos-positive neurons in the control group was diminished compared with the normal group. The number of c-fos-positive neurons in the sample B group had no marked difference from the control group. 2. In the CA2-3 area, the number of c-fos-positive neurons in the control group was diminished compared with the normal group, The number of c-fos-positive neurons in the sample B group was increased compared with the control group. 3. In the Dentate gyrus area, the number of c-fos-positive neurons in the control group was diminished compared with the normal group. The number of c-fos-positive neurons in the sample B group was increased compared with the control group. Conclusions : These results indicate that, c-fos expression in each area of the hippocampus was reduced in ethanol-intoxicated group. Treatment of Panax ginseng Radix herb-acupuncture increased this diminution. Panax ginseng Radix could be able to effect on the prevention of the amnesia and learning disability in alcoholism.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1974년도 학술대회지
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• pp.45-48
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• 1974

[ $\beta$-Sitosterol and oleanolic acid were isolated in a pure form from Radix Panax Ginseng, the genuine Ginseng drug, by column chromatography on Silicagel and aluminium oxide (Woelm). TLC indicates the presence of at least three other triterpene sapogenins.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1994

This study was aimed to find out the comparative effects between non-irradiated, and 5kGy-10kGy of gamma-irradiated Panax Ginseng Radix powder on the genotoxicity for identification of possibility of DNA damage causing cancer. Four different short-term mutagenicity tests were used: (1) Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay (Ames test) (2) Chromosome aberration test in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells. (3) Micronucleus test in ddY mouse (4) Somatic mutation and recombination test in the wing cells of Drosophila melanogaster.Gamma-irradiated Panax Ginseng Radix powder revealed negative results in these four mutagenicity tests. This means gamma-irradiated ginseng could be safe on the genotoxic point of view.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 1996

In a preliminary screening of plant extracts for the antigastritic and antiulcer actions in rats, the extracts of head of Panax ginseng Radix showed positive activity in HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesion. Among the systematic fractions of hexane, chloroform, butanol and water, the most potent butanol fraction reduced significantly HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesion at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg. In pylorus ligated rats, hexane and butanol fraction showed decreases in the volume of gastric secretion and acid output, of which effects were stronger in butanol fraction. Further assays with butanol fraction disclosed that it significantly suppressed the aspirin-induced and Shay ulcer. The butanol fraction at the intraduodenal dose of 500 mg/kg showed significant stimulation of mucus secretion.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2003

복강 내당능 시험과 MLD STZ 당뇨를 유발시킨 rat에서 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼의 항당뇨 활성을 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 복강 내당능 시험에서 백삼은 효과를 나타내지 못한 반면 홍삼과 화기삼은 대조군에 대하여 유의적인 변차를 나타내었다. MLD STZ로 당뇨를 유발시킨 SD계 흰쥐에 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼을 2주간 투여 후 혈당강하 활성을 비교한 결과 홍삼 투여군의 혈당이 가장 낮았으며 백삼과 화기삼은 비슷한 크기의 활성을 나타내었다. 2. 백삼과 홍삼, 화기삼은 모두 고혈당에 의한 체중 감소 현상을 개선시켰으며 각 투여군 간에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 3. 당뇨의 대표적인 증상인 다식 (多食)과 다음 (多飮)현상이 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼 투여에 의하여 개선되었으며 그 중 홍삼에 의한 효과가 가장 컸다. 4. 혈당강하 활성과 ginsenoside profile간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 PPT/PPD ratio가 가장 큰 홍삼의 혈당강하 활성이 백삼과 화기삼에 비해 높은 것으로 보아 PPT/PPD ratio가 혈당강하 활성의 key ratio가 아닌가 추측된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2005

Backgrounds: Intracerebral hemon-hage is one of the most devastating types of stroke. Ginseng radix, the root of Panax Ginseng, C. A. MEYER (Araliaceae), is one of the most famous medicinal herbs with various therapeutic applications. Objectives: In the present study, the effect of aqueous extract of Ginseng radix on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuronal cell death in rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: Step-down avoidance task, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used for this study. Results: The present results show that hemorrhage-induced lesion volume and apoptotic neuronal cell death in the striatum were significantly suppressed by treatment with Ginseng radix, resulting in enhancement of short-ten-n memory. Conclusions: We have shown that Ginseng radix has a neuroprotective effect on stroke, and aids the recovery from central nervous system sequelae following stroke.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 1996

To differentiate the quality of Korean ginseng from those of other habitats, the quantitative analysis of free amino acids(FAA) and total amino acids(TAA) in addition to ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 was carried out using amino acid analyzer and HPLC, respectively. FAA pattern in Korean ginseng was much different from that of Panax notoginseng. The difference in total content of FAA was also found that Korean ginseng contained 26.3-39.8mg/g while Panax notoginseng contained 6.5mg/g. This FAA content had a tendency to increase with the age of radix. The contents of FAA and TAA in Korean ginseng(6 years old) from Kumsan were shown to be the highest than other ginseng origins tested. The content in the 6 years Panax ginseng from China was about same with that of 4 years Korean ginseng of Kumsan. However, regarding to gisenoside Rbl and Rg1, which have been accepted as the characteristic components of Panax ginseng-Panax notoginseng showed considerably higher content than those of any other ginseng origin.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2002

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ginseng Radix (Panax ginseng C.A. MEY.), Zizyphi Spinosae Semen (Zizyphus spinosa HU.) and Rehmanniae Radix Preparat (Rehmannia glutinosa LIBOSCH.) on the serotonin- immunoreactivity cells in the Caudal raphe nuclei, Rostal raphe nuclei and hippocampus of the mouse brain. Methods : The mice were stressed by restraining for one hour and treated with herbal medicine by oral feeding. The mice were killed after one hour and observed by electron microscope after immunohistochemical staining. Results : In the caudal raphe nuclei of the medulla oblongata, the highest number of 5-HT immunoreactivity cells were observed at the Zizyphi Spinosae Semen-treated group, while the lowest level among the herbs treatment group was shown at the Ginseng Radix group. In the hippocampus, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were expressed significantly at the CA3 area while the lowest level of it was shown at the control group. In the midbrain, immunoreactive cells were expressed higher than other groups, while observed at the lowest level in the control group. Conclusions : The extracts of Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat and Ginseng Radix show a certain degree of effect on the change of serotonin immunoreactive neurons as an index of nerve disorder.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the application possibility of leaf and stem extract(LSE) from the mixture of leaf and stem of ginseng radix(Panax Ginseng CA Meyer). This study measured antifatigue effects by rota-rod test and swimming test. Also we examined the cell toxicity in normal liver and kidney cells, and acute toxicity in mice. Dropping times of LSE treated group decreased about 39-83% compared to the control group according to supplementation intake levels. Swimming time in LSE treated group increased compared to the control group at short and long supplementation. Negative effects were not found from the results of the cell toxicity. Also acute toxicity not shown. These results imply that the leaf and stem of ginseng radix could be used as possible food resources and functional food material and feed stuff.