• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 1993

Erotic acid함량이 높은 유채유(HEAR oil)와 erotic acid함량이 낮은 유채유(LEAR oil)에 대하여 팜유를 각각 30%, 50%, 70%의 비율로 단순혼합한 유채유와 ester 교환 혼합유채유를 제조하였다. 이들 혼합유채유의 혼합비율, 혼합방법을 달리한 때의 산화안정성을 알아보기 위하여 항온저장시($60\pm$2^{\circ}C$$)의 산값, 과산화물값, 유도 기간과 상대적항산화효과 및 요오드값을 측정하였다. 또한 혼합유채유의 튀김적성을 검토하기 위하여 거품형 성성을 측정하였다. 1) 혼합유채유는 팜유의 혼합비율이 증가됨에 따라 산값과 과산화물값이 매우 안정된 것으로 나타났으나, HEAR oil과 LEAR oil에 따른 차이는 거의 없었다. 또한, ester 교환 혼합유채유는 단순 혼합유채유보다 산값과 과산화물값의 초기값이 다소 높았으나 산패의 경향은 유사하였다. 2) 단순 혼합유채유는 유도기간이 HEAR oil의 유도 기간보다 약 2.4~4배 연장되었다. Ester 교찬 혼합유채유에서는 약 2~3.2배 연장되어 단순 혼합유채유의 유도기간이 다소 길어진 것으로 나타났다. 3) 혼합유채유의 요오드값은 혼합비율이 증가함에 따라 안정적으로 되었으나 혼합방법에 따른 요오드값의 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 보였다. 4) 팜유를 동량혼합한 경우가 가장 거품형성양이 많았으며, 혼합비율을 증가 또는 감소함에 따라 거품형성양은 감소되었다. 한편 ester교환 혼합유채유는 단순 혼합유채유보다 거품형성양이 약 28~40% 감소되었다. 이 상의 결과로 팜유 혼합유채 유는 HEAR oil과 LEAR oil보다 산화안정성이 매우 뛰어나며, ester교환으로 혼합할 경우 거품형성량이 감소될 수 있으므로 튀김유로의 사용효과가 우수할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2009년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.501-504
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• 2009

Sympathetic skin response (SSR) is defined as a minute change of skin potential after electrical stimulation. This test measures the change in voltage that originates from the surface of the skin and is attributed to sudomotor activity. The aim of this study was to define the criteria for validation of the responses. 40 normal subjects (20-73 years of age) with non-sympathetic dysfunction were tested and SSR was generated form all subjects. SSR latency was 1331.22${\pm}$177.51ms in the right palm, 1331.74${\pm}$156.42ms in the left palm, 1851.79${\pm}$220.99ms in the right sole, and 1874.10${\pm}$215.01ms in the left sole. And SSR amplitude was 595.83${\pm}$221.16${\mu}$V in the right palm, 605.33${\pm}$226.45${\mu}$V in the left palm, 291.76${\pm}$133.36${\mu}$V in the right sole, and 288.77${\pm}$129.70${\mu}$ V in the left sole. SSR latency and amplitude had no significantly difference between the right and the left side. SSR latency was consistently shorter (p<0.001) and SSR amplitude higher (p<0.001) in feet than in hands. SSR waveforms were P-type (32 subjects, 75%) and N-type (8 subjects, 25%), respectively. The SSR latency and amplitude in palms/soles were closely correlated with age (p<0.05) and height (p<0.05). The SSR test is one of methods assessing impairment of sympathetic fibers in peripheral neuropathy as well as a disorder of sympathetic system in other diseases and so our results from normal healthy subjects can be used as clinical criteria for SSR test.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2016

In recent years, there are a number of studies that have been carried out to explore the alternative for Mineral Oil (MO) as dielectric insulating fluid in transformers due to the increasing tight regulation on safety and environment. Vegetable oils have been identified as suitable candidate since it is biodegradable, non-toxic and high flash/fire points which ensure more in-service safety. Among the types of vegetable oils considered for transformers application are Palm Oil (PO) and Coconut Oil (CO). This paper presents an experimental study on the lightning breakdown voltages of PO and CO under non-uniform electric field based on needle-sphere electrodes configuration at 3 small gap distances. The type of PO used in this study is Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) Olein. The main focus of this study is to examine the lightning breakdown performance of RBDPO and CO under different test conditions and assess its suitability as dielectric insulating fluid in transformers. The effect of voltage polarities (positive and negative) and testing methods (rising-voltage, up-and-down and multiple-voltage) were investigated. The data obtained from all tests were analysed by Weibull distribution in order to determine the withstand voltages for each type of oils. It was found that the breakdown voltages of RBDPO and CO are comparable with MO under positive lightning impulse. Under negative lightning impulse, the breakdown voltage of MO is slightly higher than RBDPO and CO. There is no significant effect of testing methods and voltage polarities on lightning breakdown voltages of RBDPO and CO. Based on the statistical analysis, it is found that the breakdown voltages of RBDPO and CO at 1% probability are slightly lower than MO.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.439-449
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• 2014

2012년 신재생에너지공급의무화제도 시행으로 국내 목재펠릿 수요가 급증하고 있으나, 현재 우리나라의 목재펠릿 자급률은 10% 수준에 머물러, 급증하는 수요를 충족하기 어려울 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 안정적인 공급과 가격이 보장될 수 있는 새로운 바이오매스의 발굴을 통하여 목재펠릿에 대한 폭발적인 수요를 대체하는 일은 우리뿐만 아니라 세계적으로 시급한 과제라 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 분석결과 고체 팜 바이오매스 중 대표적인 EFB (empty fruit bunch)와 MF (mesocarp fiber)의 2012년도 연간 발생량(함수율 10% 기준)이 말레이시아와 인도네시아에서 각각 약 2,800만톤과 2,000만 톤으로, 두 지역에서만 연간 총 4,800만 톤이 발생되는 것으로 추정된다. 연료적 특성에 있어서도 EFB의 발열량이 목재의 90% 수준을 상회하므로 목재펠릿을 대체할 수 있는 우수한 바이오매스 에너지자원이라 할 수 있다. 다만, 높은 회분함량으로 인하여 주택이나 온실의 난방용으로는 부적합하지만 발전용이나 산업용으로는 충분히 사용가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1165-1169
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• 2002

Palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of oil palm seeds after extraction of their oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of PKC on growth performance and blood lipids in rats. A total of 64 Sprague-Dawley (8 weeks of age) male rats were assigned individually to four treatments with different levels of PKC in the diet: 0, 15, 20 and 25%. No differences (p<0.05) were found in daily feed intake (6-8 g/day), body weight, growth rate and epididymal fat weight for all the dietary groups. Plasma protein and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol (TG) were higher (p<0.05) for 20% PKC fed rats than the control rats. Conversely, the plasma cholesterol and TG and VLDL-phospholipid (PL) concentrations of the control rats were higher (p<0.05) than those of PKC fed rats. The VLDL-protein, total cholesterol, free cholesterol (FC) and cholesteryl ester (CE) were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the treatment groups. Rats fed PKC had greater (p<0.05) ratios of total surface to core lipid components [(FC+PL)/(CE+TG)] than control rats. The results reflect dissimilarities of VLDL particle size between PKC treatment and control rats, where the plasma of the PKC treated rats contained more lipid rich VLDL. In conclusion, there was no adverse effect on growth performance when inclusion of PKC up to 25%. However, fibre content may affect the plasma lipid concentrations.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shoulder external rotation on muscle activities of the scapular upward rotators during arm elevation. METHODS: Nineteen healthy subjects with no medical history of shoulder pain or upper extremity disorders were recruited for this study. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the muscle activities of the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UP), lower trapezius (LT) and infraspinatus (IS) muscles during arm elevation. The EMG activities were recorded while the subjects performed $90^{\circ}$ arm elevation with three different arm positions; palm down (PD), neutral position (NP), and palm up (PU). While seated in a chair, the subject was asked to raise the upper extremity in the sagittal plane in random order. Subjects performed $90^{\circ}$ arm elevations in three trials at each arm position. The mean EMG activity normalized by the maximal voluntary isometric contraction was analyzed across three arm positions. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA and the post hoc Bonferroni tests were used to determine the differences in muscle activities among the three arm positions. RESULTS: The EMG activities of the SA and IS were significantly greater in the PU condition than in the other conditions during arm elevation. No significant difference was noted between the NP and PD conditions during arm elevation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that shoulder external rotation (palm up position) can be used to activate the SA. Therefore, we recommend a scapular protraction exercise in the palm up position for strengthening the SA.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2015

The crop production technologies keep in improving and the cultivation becomes more standardization owing to the significant developments of various agricultural materials. The artificial soil and base system for root could be one of the major technologies for the modern cultivation especially for controlled horticulture. Although the perlite, cocopeat, and peat moss are the major components of the artificial soil and are broadly used for various application, there is a great need for the new alternative materials for overcoming the low nutrition and the possible shortage of raw materials. In this study, the application of oil palm EFB fiber as an alternative materials for artificial soil especially for the seeding pad components was evaluated. The changes in the structural properties and the functional properties such as moisture holding properties were compared by laboratory produced seeding pads with different mixture of oil palm EFB fiber. The addition of fibrillated EFB fiber resulted in the significant increase in durability of the seeding pad, which showed the possible application of EFB fiber to the seeding pad instead of the wood fiber (UBKP). The moisture holding properties and the germination condition characteristics of the EFB fiber showed the slight less than those of the cocopeat, which require more sophisticated study for improving the functional properties of seeding pad made of the EFB fiber.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2013

Powdered additive or organic filler is used to improve paperboard thickness and to reduce drying energy consumption in the Korean paperboard industry. In a previous study, we identified alternative non-lignocellulosic resources to wood powder, specifically brewers grain and oil palm frond powders, and verified that these materials had the same functionality as wood powder. The main drawback of the use of such additives, including both lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic resources, is the deterioration in paperboard strengths. Therefore, we carried out a basic study on the surface modification of brewers grain and oil palm frond powders to improve the strengths of paperboard. Surface modification was performed using various types of cationic and oxidized starches. The streaming current and zeta-potential of the two non-lignocellulosic powders were measured and CLSM images were taken to assess the surface modification.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1999

Background: Essential hyperhidrosis is a condition with excessive sweating, which may be localized in any parts of the body. Thoracic sympathectomy has been a surgical procedure for the management of hyperhidrosis. Methods: We studied 30 ASA I and II patients suffering from severe hyperhidrosis. Bilateral upper thoracoscopic sympathectomy of $T_{2-4}$ was performed in 30 patients under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with 2.5% thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine chloride 1 mg/kg and was maintained with enflurane 1~2 Vol% and $N_2O-O_2$ mixture adjusted to maintain $SpO_2$ greater than 96%. During anesthesia, invasive arterial pressure, heart rate, EKG, $SpO_2$ and capnography were monitored. Skin temperature was measured with thermister probes attached to the index finger of each hand. An increase in temperature after cautery confirmed success of the sympathectomy. Results: There were 14 men and 16 women whose ages ranged from 16 to 46 years old (mean age 22.2). Of these patients, 13 patients had complained of palm-sole hyperhidrosis, 9 of palm-sole-axilla hyperhidrosis, 4 of palm-sole-face hyperhidrosis and 4 of palm-sole-axilla-face hyperhidrosis. The provocative factors of excessive sweating were tension and stress from interpersonal relationships. There was positive familial history in 37%. The most common complication was compensatory hyperhidrosis in 23 patients comprising 76%. Other complication included peumothorax (4 patients), hemothorax (1 patient), ipsilateral Horner's syndrome (1 patient) and paresthesia of right arm (1 patient). The degree of satisfaction was graded as good, fair and poor with 15, 12 and 3 patients, respectively. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic sympathectomy with VATS is an efficient, safe and minimally invasive surgical procedure for essential hyperhidrosis.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2003

콩기름과 팜유로 튀긴 유과를 2$0^{\circ}C$와 5$0^{\circ}C$에 저장하면서 분석한 결과 콩기름으로 튀겨 5$0^{\circ}C$에 저장한 유과의 산가는 2주에는 0.78mg/g에서 4주에 9.35mg/g으로 급격한 증가를 하였으나 팜유로 튀긴 유과는 저장 6주까지 변화가 없다가 저장 8주에서 2.08mg/g을 나타내었다. 과산화물가의 경우 콩기름으로 튀긴 유과를 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였을 때 저장 4주까지 급격한 증가를 보이다 4주 이후 감소하였다. 저장 기간에 따른 지방산의 변화는 2$0^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우 저장 전과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만 5$0^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우 콩기름과 팜유 모두 palmitic acid, stearic acid 및 oleic acid는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였고 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid는 감소하였다. 또한 관능검사 결과 콩기름으로 튀긴 유과는 4주 이후 이취미가 발생하기 시작하여, 7주가 지난 후에는 이취미가 보다 강하게 발생하였지만 팜유로 튀긴 유과는 4주째에 이취미가 약간 발생하였으나, 그정도가 미미하였고, 8주째에도 이취미가 강하게 발생하지 않았다. 따라서 유과 튀김시 콩기름을 팜유로 대체한다면 종래 방법으로 제조된 유과에 비해 저장 기간이 증가할 것으로 사료된다.