• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.164-172
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment outcomes, prognostic factors, and survival of gastric cancer patients with bone metastases. Materials and Methods: Of 4,617 gastric cancer patients who were treated between 2001 and 2013, 176 patients with bone metastases were analyzed. Results: The incidence of bone metastasis was 3.8%. The most common histopathological subtype was adenocarcinoma (79%) with poor differentiation (60.8%). The median interval from the diagnosis to bone metastasis was 11 months. The median survival time after bone metastasis was 5.4 months. Factors that were associated with longer median survival times included the following: isolated bone metastasis (P=0.004), well-differentiated tumors (P=0.002), palliative chemotherapy (P=0.003), zoledronic acid treatment (P<0.001), no smoking history (P=0.007), and no metastatic gastric cancer at the time of diagnosis (P=0.01). On the other hand, high levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.86; P=0.015), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (HR: 2.04; P=0.002), and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 (HR: 2.94; P<0.001) were associated with shorter survival times. In multivariate analysis, receiving zoledronic acid (P<0.001) and performance status (P=0.013) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Smoking history, poor performance status, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and high levels of LDH, CEA, and CA 19-9 were shown to be poor prognostic factors, while receiving chemotherapy and zoledronic acid were associated with prolonged survival in gastric cancer patients with bone metastases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3881-3885
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• 2015

Obesity markedly increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Recently, the preventive effects of edible mushrooms on triglyceride elevation and visceral fat accumulation have been reported. Here, the effects of Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi) and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF; precancerous lesions) in the colorectums of mice fed a high-fat diet were examined. Eringi (ER) and Bunashimeji (BU) mushroom powder samples were used. Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received an intraperitoneal injection of AOM (10 mg/kg) once a week for two weeks, and were sacrificed and dissected at 6 weeks after the start of the experiment. After the initiation of the experiment, they received a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + ER (1 or 5% of diet), or HFD + BU (1 or 5% of diet). As a result, body and fat weights were significantly lower in the 5% ER and BU groups than in the HFD group. Liver triglyceride levels were also significantly lower in the 5% ER and BU groups. Total liver cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the 5% ER group. The numbers of ACF (especially large ACF) showed strong inhibitory effects in both ER and BU groups. Measurement of the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 labeling index in the colonic mucosa demonstrated more significant suppression in both ER and BU groups than in the HFD group. These results suggest that the simultaneous intake of ER and BU may inhibit colorectal tumorigenesis in HFD-fed mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6821-6832
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• 2013

Background: Soft-tissue sarcomas require tailored and multidisciplinary treatment and management. However, little is known about how sarcomas are treated and managed throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE was systematically searched using prespecified criteria. Publications (previous 10 years) that reported tumour characteristics, treatment patterns, survival outcomes, and/or safety outcomes of patients with soft-tissue sarcoma were selected. Exclusion criteria were studies of patients <18 years of age; ${\leq}10$ patients; countries other than Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, or Thailand; >20% benign tumours; sarcomas located in bones or joints; gastrointestinal stromal tumour; Kaposi's sarcoma; or not reporting relevant outcomes. Results: Of the 1,822 publications retrieved, 35 (32 studies) were included. Nearly all patients (98%, 1,992/2,024; 31 studies) were treated with surgery, and more studies used adjuvant radiotherapy than chemotherapy (24 vs 17 studies). Survival outcomes and recurrence rates varied among the studies because of the different histotypes, sites, and disease stages assessed. Only 5 studies reported safety findings. Conclusions: These findings highlight the lack of specific data available about soft-tissue sarcomas in the Asia-Pacific region. Better efforts to understand how the sarcoma is managed and treated will help improve patient outcomes in the region.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2014

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon malignant tumor of the salivary glands that is difficult to diagnose. It grows slowly and shows distant metastasis rarely. We experienced a case of recurrent ACC in the parotid gland with cardiac metastasis and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. The 29-year-old man had been suffering from severe multiple bones and joints pain for 2 months. Ten years earlier, he underwent superficial parotidectomy due to a right subauricular mass. The mass was diagnosed with ACC. After surgery, the tumor recurred twice. Then the patient was diagnosed with cardiac metastasis via positron emission tomography-computed tomography and trans-thoracic echocardiography. He also had hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with multiple bone metastasis. He was given palliative radiotherapy and conservative treatment. ACC in the parotid gland with cardiac metastasis and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy has not yet been reported in literature. From this case, it is recommended to evaluate multiple distant metastasis in the ACC of the parotid gland when joint and bone pain are present.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3459-3463
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in Cambodia, a low income country in South-East Asia. The Sihanouk Hospital Centre of Hope (SHCH) is a charity hospital set up by an international non-governmental organisation, HOPE Worldwide. In 2008, SHCH partnered with AmeriCares, a global health organisation to set up and deliver a breast cancer programme to provide education, diagnosis and treatment for women with breast cancer. The objective of this study is to characterise the presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of women treated under this program. Materials and Methods: A total of 215 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer from 1 March 2008 until 31 March 2011 were studied. Age at diagnosis, tumour size, histological type, tumour grade, ER, lymph node involvement, treatment modalities (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy) were recorded. Data on mortality at 3 years were obtained whenever possible. Results: The median age was 47 years old. Some 77.8% were diagnosed with stage 3 and 4 lesions, and 78.5% underwent mastectomy, of which 28.4% the intent was palliative. Of those whose ER status were known, only 48.3% were ER positive. Only 6 patients could afford chemotherapy while only 1 patient had radiotherapy. Hormone therapy was provided free for those who were ER positive. The overall survival rate at 3 years was 39.1%. Conclusions: Breast cancer presents at a late stage, and because treatment is suboptimal, survival is poor in Cambodia. A more aggressive approach to early detection and treatment needs to be developed to improve outcome from this potentially curable disease.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.331-335
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• 1993

From January 1981 to December 1991, forty patients with localized advanced carcinoma of the pancreas were treated at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital. The treatment protocol consisted of two split course external radiation therapy with each 2000 cGy over two weeks separated by two week rest period. Intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was administered on the first three days of each radiotherapy course. Twenty three of these patients were treated by maintenance 5-FU or FAM (5-FU, adriamycin, mitomycin) chemotherapy. Median survival was 9 months and the 2-year survival rate was $10.0\%.$ Good prognostic indicators were good performance status, palliative bypass surgery and tumor located in the head of pancreas.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.319-330
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• 2017

Introduction: The extent of lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer is a topic of controversy among surgeons. This study was conducted to analyze the American National Cancer Database (NCDB) and conclude the optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: The NCDB for gastric cancer was utilized. Patients who received at least a partial gastrectomy were included. Patients with metastatic disease, unknown TNM stages, R1/R2 resection, or treated with a palliative intent were excluded. Joinpoint regression was used to identify the extent of lymphadenectomy that reflects the optimal survival. Cox regression analysis and Bayesian information criterion were used to identify significant survival predictors. Kaplan-Meier was applied to study overall survival and stage migration. Results: 40,281 patients of 168,377 met the inclusion criteria. Joinpoint analysis showed that dissection of 29 nodes provides the optimal median survival for the overall population. Regression analysis reported the cutoff ${\geq}29$ to have a better fit in the prognostic model than that of ${\geq}15$. Dissection of ${\geq}29$ nodes in the higher stages provides a comparable overall survival to the immediately lower stage. Nonetheless, the retrieval of ${\geq}15$ nodes proved to be adequate for staging without a significant stage migration compared to ${\geq}29$ nodes. Conclusion: The extent of lymphadenectomy in gastric adenocarcinoma is a marker of improved resection which reflects in a longer overall survival. Our analysis concludes that the dissection of ${\geq}15$ nodes is adequate for staging. However, the dissection of 29 nodes might be needed to provide a significantly improved survival.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.538-549
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to explore and compare the knowledge structure of pain management nursing research, between Korea and other countries, applying a text network analysis. Methods: 321 Korean and 6,685 international study abstracts of pain management, published from 2004 to 2017, were collected. Keywords and meaningful morphemes from the abstracts were analyzed and refined, and their co-occurrence matrix was generated. Two networks of 140 and 424 keywords, respectively, of domestic and international studies were analyzed using NetMiner 4.3 software for degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector community analysis. Results: In both Korean and international studies, the most important, core-keywords were "pain," "patient," "pain management," "registered nurses," "care," "cancer," "need," "analgesia," "assessment," and "surgery." While some keywords like "education," "knowledge," and "patient-controlled analgesia" found to be important in Korean studies; "treatment," "hospice palliative care," and "children" were critical keywords in international studies. Three common sub-topic groups found in Korean and international studies were "pain and accompanying symptoms," "target groups of pain management," and "RNs' performance of pain management." It is only in recent years (2016~17), that keywords such as "performance," "attitude," "depression," and "sleep" have become more important in Korean studies than, while keywords such as "assessment," "intervention," "analgesia," and "chronic pain" have become important in international studies. Conclusion: It is suggested that Korean pain-management researchers should expand their concerns to children and adolescents, the elderly, patients with chronic pain, patients in diverse healthcare settings, and patients' use of opioid analgesia. Moreover, researchers need to approach pain-management with a quality of life perspective rather than a mere focus on individual symptoms.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.3-23
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• 2022

Countries differ in their treatment expertise and research results regarding gastric cancer; hence, treatment guidelines are diverse based on evidence and medical situations. A comprehensive and comparative review of each country's guidelines is imperative to understand the similarities and differences among countries. We reviewed and compared five gastric cancer treatment guidelines in terms of endoscopic, surgical, perioperative, and palliative systemic treatment based on evidence levels and recommendation grades, as well as the postoperative follow-up strategies for each guideline. The Korean, Chinese, and European guidelines provided evidence and grading of the recommendations. The United States guidelines suggested categories for evidence and consensus. The Japanese guidelines suggested evidence and recommendations only for systemic treatment. The Korean and Japanese guidelines described endoscopic treatment, surgery, and lymphadenectomy in detail. The Chinese, United States, and European guidelines more intensively considered perioperative chemotherapy. In particular, the indications for chemotherapy and the regimens recommended by each guideline differed slightly. Considering their medical situations, each guideline had some diversity in terms of adopting evidence, which resulted in heterogeneous recommendations. This review will help medical personnel to comprehensively understand the diversity in gastric cancer treatment guidelines for each country in terms of evidence and recommendations.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2016

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis occurs in approximately 5% of patients with cancer. The most common cancers involving the leptomeninges are breast, lung cancer and melanoma. However, gastric adenocarcinoma has been rarely reported with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. The presenting manifestations are usually headache, visual disturbances and seizures. We report a case of leptomeningeal metastasis that presented as a gastric cancer. A 75-year old man was transferred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment after being diagnosed with adenocarcinoma through endoscopic biopsy during a regular health examination. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed AGC, stage IA (cT1N0M0), while an endoscopic examination showed AGC, Borrmann type 2. The patient is currently under observation after undergoing radical subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy and subsequent administration of oral chemotherapeutic agents. As an abdominal CT response assessment performed after surgery revealed new metastasis to the liver, the patient received palliative chemotherapy as recurrence was suspected. After receiving chemotherapy in the order of DP (Cisplatin + Docetaxel), FOLFIRI (5-FU + Leucovorin + Irinotecan), an abdominal CT response assessment showed complete response. Since decreased mentality maintained throughout the follow up period based on outpatient clinic, brain MRI was performed and revealed multiple leptomeningeal metastasis. The Patient died 2 days after the diagnosis.