• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.523-538
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• 1997

서울대학교병원 치과 교정과에 내원한 6세 1개월에서 45세 8개월사이(평균 19세 6개월)의 부정교합자 205명(남 67명, 여 138명)을 대상으로 TMD 증상과 기여요인에 관한 설문조사와 Orthopantomogram, 경두개 방사선 사진(transcranial view)의 판독, 교정모형 검사 등을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Helkimo Anamnestic index는 Ai 0 $46.8\%$, Ai I $22.0\%$, Ai II $31.2\%$로 TND의 주관적 증상이 연령에 따라 증가하는 추세(p<0.001)를 보였으며 여성에서 높았다(p<0.05). 2. Orthopantomogram상 하악두의 이상소견은 flattening($4.4\%$)이 가장 많았으며 전체적으로 한가지 이상의 이상소견을 보인 경우는 $8.3\%$였다. 3. 목과 어깨의 동통(p<0.001) 이악물기, 입술을 깨무는 습관(이상 p<0.01). 두통(p<0.05)이 있는 경우 Ai가 높았다. 4. Angle II급에서 Orthopantomogram상 하악두 이상소견의 빈도가 높았고, 상악 대구치의 교모가 있을때 Ai가 높은 경향이 있었다(이상 p<0.05). 그외의 교합 요소는 TMD의 증상과 무관하였다. 5. 하악두 길이(Co'-Inc')와 하악지 길이(Co'-Go')가 짧고 하악두의 비율(Co'-Inc'/Co'-Go')이 낮을때, 그리고 좌우 하악지 길이 (Co'-Go'), 하악두 비율(Co'-Inc'/Co'-Go')이 다를때 Orthopantomogram상 하악두 이상소견이 많았다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2000

Prediction of the soft tissue changes following hard tissue movement is very important from the esthetic view point for patients who have orthognathic surgery. There are many cephalometric analysis of facial bone and soft tissue on the lower lip and chin region but few soft tissue analysis on the midface after mandibular setback surgery. This study was performed to obtain whether the mandibular posterior movement has influence on the midface and the predictable ratio of post-operative measurement values of the soft tissue changes following mandibular setback surgery. Fifteen patients (8 males and 7 females) who had undergone mandibular setback surgery were selected and analyzed the soft tissue movement on the upper lip and the cheek region. Post-operative changes of the soft tissue measurements after mandibular surgery were examined on pre- and post-operative cephalometrics and the ratio of changes were analyzed after drawing the reference line on the face with the barium sulfate solution. The reference lines were perpendicular to the intercanthal line from infraorbital foramen and lateral canthus. The results obtained were as follows : 1. There were tendancy of anterior movement of soft tissue adjacent the nose after mandibular surgery 2. There were incerased tendancy of the amount of anterior movement from the nasal crease to the cheek region. 3. The amount of anterior movement of the soft tissue was larger below the palatal plane compared with above the palatal plane in the cheek region. 4. The upper lip length was increased and moved posterior direction after mandibular setback surgery 5. The lower lip was moved posterior direction by posterior movement of the mandibular structure 6. Soft tissue of the midface around the nose moved anterior direction after mandibular setback surgery but there was no correlation between the amount of mandibular setback and the amount of the soft tissue changes

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 1979

This investigation was designed to compare the craniofacial and dental morphology of class III malocclusion with that of normal occlusin in children, and to determine the incidence of various class III craniofacial skeletal patterns. The material selected for this study consisted in standard lateral cephalograms of eighty two Korean children, forty one boys and forty one girls, aged 10 through 12 years, having class III malocclusion, and forty two Korean children, twenty boys and twenty two girls, with normal occlusion in the same age. Using the tracings of the standard lateral cephalograms, various angular and linear measurements were recorded, tabulated and statistically analyzed, and then the class III craniofacial skeletal morphology was divided into various patterns by the degree of SNA and SNB, which respectively were below, within or beyond the normal range of those of normal occlusion. The following characteristics of the craniofacial and dental morphology of class III malocclusion were observed. 1. The cranial base length of class III malocclusion was smaller than that of normal occlusion, and the small saddle angle was a characteristic figure of class III malocclucion. 2. Maxillary length of class III malocclusion was smaller than that of normal occlusion, and point A was retropositioned relative to cranial base but not PNS in class III malocclusion. Maxillary base inclination was not significantly different between the two, but occlusal plane to palatal plane was small in class III malocciusion. 3. The mandibular body length shown no difference between the two, but the mandibular body positioned anteriorly relative to cranial base in class III malocclusion. Ramus height, gonial angle, and mandibular effective length were large in class III malocclusion. Mandibular plane angle and joint angle had no difference between the two, and occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle was large in class III malocclusion. 4. Maxillary incisor inclination was not significantly different between class III malocclusion and normal occlusion, but mandibular incisors positioned and inclined lingually and consequently interincisal angle was large in class III malocclusion. 5. Class III malocclusion was divided into six categories of craniofacial skeletal pattern. The most common class III pattern was found to be one in which the maxilla was within the normal range of prognathism while the mandible extended beyond this range. The pattern in which the maxilla was below the normal range of prognathism while the mandible was within this range was approximately one fifth of the class III sample.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2022

목적: 이 연구목적은 3차원 프린팅의치의 후경화후로 인한 의치의 체적변화를 평가하고자하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 상·하악 의치를 Exocad DentalCaD 프로그램을 이용하여 디자인하였으며, STL 파일로 추출하였다. DLP 방식의 치과용 3차원 플린터를 이용하여 상·하악 의치 STL파일을 상·하악 각기 10개씩 출력하였다. 출력된 상·하악 의치는 세척하였고, 후경화를 시행하기전과 후에 각 각 모형스캐너를 이용하여 스캔파일을 만들었다. 후경화 전후의 스캔된 의치파일을 중첩하여 변화를 평가하였으며, 의치상의 계측점사이의 거리를 측정하였다. 통계는 SPSS를 이용하였으며, 유의수준은 5%였다. 결과: 상악의치는 후경화 후에 전반적으로 수축하였으며, 후구개부위에서 가장 뚜렷한 변화를 보였다. 상악의치 전후방 (A-D, A-E, A-F)의 길이와 양측제1대구치사이(B-C)의 길이 감소가 통계학적으로 유의성을 보였다. 하악의치는 후경화 후에 전후방의 길이변화보다는 폭경의 변화가 비교적 뚜렷하였는데, 의치후방(A-M, A-D, A-E, A-L, A-H, A-I, H-I)과 설측(J-K, L-M)에서 통계학적으로 유의성있는 길이변화가 관찰되었다. 결론: 이 실험의 결과내에서, 3차원 프린터로 출력되는 상·하악 의치는 후경화 후에 길이와 폭이 모두 변화하였다. 결론적으로, 의치의 변형을 최소화할 수 있는 후경화 방법과 재료의 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.461-471
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• 2006

In order to achieve a satisfactory esthetic result of periodontal surgery or implant in maxillary anterior area, periodontists must be aware of normal alveolar bone anatomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of alveolar bone morphology to tooth shape and form. 78(mean age : 25 yrs) periodontally healthy volunteers participated in this study. Two maxillary central incisor and one lateral incisor were selected to study. With minimal local anesthesia, gutta-percha cone inserted to labial gingival sulcus of selected teeth just after bone sounding with periodontal probe. Metal ball (4mm diameter) attached to palatal fossa of central incisor. Then, periapical radiograph was taken according to long cone paralleling technique. After film scan, labial alveolar bone profile reproduced along interproximal bone and apical ends of gutta-percha cones on computer screen. By utilizing computer program, the distance from height of interproximal bone to the labial bone crest in central incisor-central incisor and central incisor-lateral incisor area was measured and converted to real distance by using vertical length of metal ball on film. After measuring crown length & width of central incisor, the 10 individuals ranked lowest GW/L ratio (crown width/length ratio) and the 10 ranked highest were selected as having a long-narrow(group N), or a short-wide(group W) form of the central incisors. Means of the distance from height of interproximal bone to the labial bone crest of group N, W were calculated and compared by means of independent t-test. The results were as follows: 1. Mean distance from the height of the interproximal bone to the labial bone crest was $3.5{\pm}0.7mm$ between two central incisor, and $2.8{\pm}0.6mm$ between central and lateral incisor. 2. Mean GW/L ratio of group N was 0.57, and group W was 0.8. Mean distance from the height of the interproximal bone to the labial bone crest of group N was higher than group W in both measured area(measurements of group N, W were $3.9{\pm0.2mm$ and $3.5{\pm}0.2mm$ between two central incisor, $3.0{\pm}0.2mm$ and $2.8{\pm}0.2mm$ between central and lateral incisor), but there were no statistically significant differences when the groups were compared. Within the limits of the present study, there was a tendency that subjects with long-narrow teeth have more scalloped alveolar bone profile than subjects with short-wide teeth in upper anterior area, but no statistically significant differences were found.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.855-864
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• 1998

본 연구의 목적은 한국인 여성 II급 2류 부정교합 환자의 측모두부 방사선계측사진상의 형태학적 특징을 평가하고, 같은 II급 2류 부정교합을 가진 백인과의 형태학적 차이를 비교하는 것이다. 연구자료는 초진시의 연구모형에서 II급 2류 부정교차과 4mm이상의 수직피개교합 및 영구치열을 가지는 환자로 제한하여 선정하였다. 그후 인종에 따라서 1군 (16명, 한국인 여성, 평균연령 :18세 2개월)과 2군 (20명, 백인여성, 평균연령 :14세 2개월)으로 분류하였다. 각 군의 측모두부 방사선계측사진의 투사도를 작성한 후 38항목을 계측하였고 평균 및 표준편차를 계산하였다. 군간의 비교를 위하여 independent t-test를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전치부 수직피개 교합량, SN to mandibular plane angle, Palatomandibular plane angle, FMA목은 1, 2 군간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 SN to palatal plane angle과 SN to occlusal plane angle항목은 1군이 크게 나타나서 2군에 비해 구개평면과 교합평면의 전하방 경사를 보였다. 그리고 ODI항목은 1군이 2군에 비해 과개교합 경향이 낮게 나타났다. 2. 하악체와 하악지의 길이 항목은 1, 2군간에 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않았으나, upper gonial angle항목이 1군이 2군에 비해 현저히 작아서 하악골의 반시계방향 회전 경향이 감소되었음을 나타내었다. 3. 전안면고경의 상하비율과 전후안면고경비율 항목은 1, 2 군간의 통계적 유의차가 없었다. 4. 전치부 수평피개 교합량과 하악골의 전후방위치 항목은 1, 2군간의 차이가 없었으나, 상악골은 1군이 2군에 비해 후방위치되었다. 5. 상하악 기저골에 대한 하악전치의 돌출도 항목이 1군이 더 크게 나타난 것을 제외하고는 상,하악 절치의 기준 평면에 대한 경사도와 거리 및 절치간각 항목은 1, 2 군간의 차이가 없었다. 6. 상악구치의 구개평면에 대한 수직거리 항목는 1, 2군간의 차이가 없었으나 하악구치의 하악평면에 대한 수직거리 항목은 1군이 크게 나타났으며, 이것과 교합평면의 전하방 경사와 감소된 하악골의 반시계방향 회전 경향이 관계있는 것으로 생각된다. 7. Ricketts의 심미선에 대한 상순과 하순의 돌출도 항목은 1군이 모두 크게 나타났다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.312-323
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• 2011

본 연구는 동일한 환자에서 촬영한 측모두부계측방사선 사진과 전산화단층촬영 영상을 비교하여 미니 임플랜트 식립 시 측모두부계측방사선 사진을 통해 상악 구개부 골두께를 예측하기 위한 목적으로 시행되었다. 안모가 양호한 정상교합자 남녀 총 30명의 전산화단층촬영 영상을 3D model로 변환하고 측모두부계측방사선 사진과 동일부위의 골두께를 계측하기 위하여 프랑크프루트 평면에 대해 수직이고 상악 제2소구치와 제1대구치 인접면을 지나는 기준평면을 설정한다. 3D model에서 횡적으로 2 mm 간격으로 11개 부위의 구개부 골두께를 계측하고 측모두부계측방사선 사진과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 3D model에서 골두께는 남녀 모두 정중구개부위에서 가장 컸고 측방으로 멀어질수록 작아지다가 남성는 측방 6 mm 여성는 측방 8 mm 부위에서 가장 최소값을 보인 후 다시 커지는 양상이 관찰되었다. 측모두부방사선 사진상 골두께는 남성이 $4.21{\pm}1.03mm$, 여성은 $2.71{\pm}1.62mm$로 남성이 여성보다 유의성 있게 컸다. 측모두부계측방사선 사진상 골두께와 3D model에서 횡적인 부위별로 측정한 골두께는 남성은 정중구개부와 측방 2 mm 부위를 제외한 나머지 부위에서 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보였고 여성은 모든 부위에서 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 측모두부계측방사선 사진상 골두께와 3D model에서 상관관계를 보이는 부위에 대하여 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 이상의 횡적인 부위별 회귀분석을 통해 미니 임플랜트 식립 시 안전한 스크류의 길이를 결정하기 위한 골두께 예측에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.379-390
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and cephalometric characteristics of patients with anterior open bite and mandibular condylar resorption. Total of 45 subjects were recruited from the patients who visited the Department of Oral Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital in 2006 for treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction. After taking patient's history concerning temporomandibular joint dysfunction, clinical examination was performed and panoramic, transcranial, and lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained. The cephalometric data were compared to those of normal Korean population. The results were as follow: 1. Clinical characteristics 1) Female was 4.6 time more prevalent than male, and 82.2% of the subjects were in second and third decade. 2) Angle's Class I occlusal type was 51%, Class II was 29%, and Class III was 20%. 3) The mean value of the overjet and overbite were 3.2mm and -1.1mm, respectively. 4) Most of the patients had parafunctional oral habits. 2. Cephalometric characteristics 1) SNA showed no significant difference between condyle resorption and normal group. However, in female resorption group, SNB was lesser and ANB was greater than those in normal group. 2) SN-GoMe and FMA increased in resorption group. 3) Palatal plane angle did not show significant difference between resorption and normal group. 4) Total posterior facial height was significantly smaller and total anterior facial height showed no significant increase as compared with those of the normal group. 5) Mandibular body length did not show any significant difference between resorption and normal group.

• 치과방사선
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1978

A study was made to investigate a relationship existing in the dentoskeletal framework and the soft tissue profile around the face, and compare the sexual differences between boys and girls having the normal occlusion in the mixed dentition. The lateral cephalograms were composed of 67 boys aged 10.3 years and 68 girls aged 10.4 years, respectively. By means of the lateral cephalograms, both the hard-and soft tissue structures were simultaneously analyzed, measured and evaluated by introducing the several reference items: S-N plane, palatal plane, mandibular plane, N-A line and A-P line for the dentoskeletal structures and N’-P’line for the soft tissue, and the 21 measuring points for the both structures. The significant findings were as follows: 1. In general the boys showed the larger nasal component dimension than did the girls, but the length and height of nose(N’-Prn and NA-Prn) showed the significant sexual difference among those when evaluated statistically. 2. The lip-thickness was found to be minimal in the region of nasion, greater in the region of pogonion, and much greater in the region of point A in the both sexes, but the only thickness over point A(A-A’) showed the significant sexual difference statistically. 3. The upper and lower lip position were found to be located anteriorly to the esthetic line in the both sexes, but upper lip position showed the significant sexual difference when evaluated statistically. 4. The regions of nose and upper lip had a tendency not to be following the underlying skeletal profile.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

In order to understand the effects of all-trans-RA on palate development, RA was injected into the abdominal cavity of pregnant mice and then the embryos were taken in the following days and analyzed morphologically as well as molecular biologically. When RA was administered at the stage of E11 or E15, the overall craniofacial development was retarded. The length from jaw to eye was shortened, compared to that of normal group. When the E11 embryos were exposed to RA, cleft lip was also found along with the cleft palate. In vitro palate culture experiment also revealed that RA caused cleft palate. When RT-PCR was performed, early stage administration of RA at E11 inhibited the upregulation of Hoxa7 expression at E15 through E17. Whereas in control group, high level of Hoxa7 expression was detected in the palate of E15 to E17. In the case of Bax, the expression was decreased from E16, while remaining constant in control group. When TUNEL analysis was performed following the RA treatment at E15, TUNEL positive cells were detected in the mesenchymal cells as well as epithelial cells of palatal shelves of E16 and in E17 embryos. Whereas in normal control, TUNEL positive cells were observed mostly at the epithelium around the nasal cavity and oral cavity where rugae is made. These results altogether indicate that exposure to RA during palate development causes facial deformity including cleft palate and cleft lip by modulating the expression of homeotic genes such as Hoxa7 as well as an apoptosis-related gene, Bax, and thus malregulating the apoptosis.