• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible impact factors(oral health level, oral health promotion behaviors, health level, health behaviors, and mental health) on oral health related quality of life using OHIP-14 of health allied college students. Methods: A total of 363 self-administered questionnaires were collected from university student in Seoul. To investigate the casual relationship between each variable presented in the research model, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA(Scheffe's test), man-whitney, kruskal wallis, multiple regression analysis were carried out by using SPSS ver. 21.0 Results: The study shows that the students reported mean score of OHIP-14 ($8.32{\pm}7.51$), of which physical pain was the highest score($1.88{\pm}1.45$) and social disability was the lowest score($0.69{\pm}1.13$). Multiple regression revealed that the score of OHIP-14 was shown to be significantly higher for the following people: who were get more self-reported symptom of periodontitis, halitosis, negative self-perceived general health and oral health, no received dental scaling treatment, and participants who had no experience awareness of distress in two weeks. The explanatory power was 18.2%. The most powerful factor regarding to self-reported symptom of periodontitis was shown to be negatively relations oral health-related quality of life. Conclusions: In order to enhance the students' life quality, there need to be considered for a comprehensive oral health-related quality of life program for the students through health education policy.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 1999

Purpose : Surveying the rates, severity, and variables influencing depression and their correlation between pain and depression in Korean cancer patients, we attempted to provide a basic database for the effective depression management program. Methods : The results of survey were colleted from 10 patients who were hospitalized at Seoul National University Hospital for cancer treatment from February to June of 1999. Factors of depression and the level of pain were examined by self-reported survey employing Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and an abridged version of Brief pain Inventory respectively. The purpose of this study and guidelines for the questionnaires were clearly explained to participating patients by Resgitered Nurses before answering the survey. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were compiled by reviewing their medical records in corporation with a family physician. The difference in the level of depression among patient groups was analyzed with the t-test and ANOVA, and the correlation between variables with Pearson correlation coefficient. Results : 1) 142 subjects comprised 79 male and 63 female, and their mean age was 51.86. 2) The mean scores of the worst pain for last 24-hours was 6.08(SD 2.23), the average pain for last 24-hours 4.44(SD 1.85), and the mean scores of pain at the time of survey 3.48(SD 2.25), while the mean scores of the least pain for last 24-hours 2.25(SD 1.83). 3) The mean BDI scores were 23.73(SD 0.99), and 55.6% of patients were evaluated to be in depression(cutting point 21). Scores of depression for cancer patients were higher than normal population. 4) The correlation between worst pain for last 24-hours and depression(r=0.252, P=0.002), average pain for last 24-hours and depression(r=0.225, P=0.007), present pain and depression(r=0.291, P=0.000) were significant. 5) Significant differences were found among groups of cancer patients with pain with respect to gender(t=3.59, p=0.000), level of education(F=4.063, P=0.009), ECOG(F=3.352, P=0.021). There was significant positive correlation between depression and pain(r=0.171, P=0.042). Conclusions : More than 50% of cancer patients with pain are suffering from depression. We have shown that the variables like the degree of pain, gender, level of education, ECOG, and age are significantly related to the depression in cancer patients. The findings of this study may be used for assessing high-risk patients in need of intervention and for planning effective therapeutic strategies for them after the routine assessment. Further study is necessary to investigate the cultural differences and the variables influencing on depression in Korean cancer patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.171-183
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of urinary incontinence in adult women and to identify factors related to life style and sexual intercourse that were related to incontinence. The sample consisted of 1,065 women living in Seoul or one of five provinces. Data for this study were collected from January 16 to June 23 using structured questionnaires. The Urinary Symptom Questionnaire developed by Jackson and a demographic questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage with an SPSS/PC$^{+}$ program. The major finding are as follows : 1. The distribution of age of subjects was as follows : 20-29(10.1%), 20-39(17.8%), 40-49(27.3%). 50-59(22.3%), 60-69(12.9%), 70-79(6.1%). 80-89(2.8%), more than 90(0.6%). The frequency of normal delivery, 0(155%), 1-2(36.0%), 3-4(29.2%), 5-6(13.0%). more than 7(6.3%). The rate of subjects with menopause was 40.8%. 2. It was reported that 50.7% of the subjects experienced urinary incontinence with stress, mixed. and urgency incontinence being 49.8%, 43.4%, 6.8% respectively. 3. The lower urinary symptoms and incidence with urinary incontinence were as follows : Daily frequency. 22.3%, nocturia. 40.8%, urgency, 71.2%, bladder pain 47.8%, unexplainned incontinence, 32.4%, noctural incontinence, 16.1%, and frequency of incontinence, 37.7%. In term of quantity of incontinence, drop/pants damp, 29.5%, dribble/pants wet, 20.5%, flood or soaking through to outer clothing, 1.7%, and flood or running down legs or onto floor, 0.2%. 4. The symptoms related to sexual intercourse and incidence of urinary incontinence were as follows : dry vagina, 39.1%, sex life trouble, 10.8%, pain during sexual intercourse, 27.4%, and urine leakage during sexual intercourse. 8.8%. 5. Life style problems related to urinary incontinence were as follows : fluid intake restriction, 20.0%, affected daily task, 24.5%. avoidance of placess and situations, 35.0%, interference in physical activities, 30.6%, interference in relationships with other people. 19.0%. interference in relationships with husband/companion, 8.1%, and time after attack of urinary symptoms, 76.9%. In term of the feeling about the rest of their lifves the women reported : perfectly happy, 11.3%. pleased, 16.9%. mostly satisfied, 20.2%, mixed feelings, 21.0%, mostly dissatisfied, 21.0%, very unhappy 8.5%, and desperate. 1.0%. In conclusion. this study was a preliminary study to provide nursing practices guidelines for incontinence in adult women. Nurse working with adult women should develop and provide adequate care for these women.n.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2016

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relation between key strike forces and musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS). Moreover, this study presents a key strike force measurement method to be used in a workplace setting. The correlation between key strike force characteristics and MSS was previously studied, but the measurement methods used either a single-key switch or force platforms applied under the keyboard. Most of the studies were conducted in a laboratory setting. The uniqueness of measurement methods in the current study is their ability to measure forces applied to a specific key in a workplace setting and to provide more information about specific key strike forces during typing. Methods: Twenty-four healthy computer workers were recruited for the study. The demographic questionnaire, and self-reported questionnaires for psychosocial status (General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work) and for detecting MSS were filled up, which later helped in dividing the participants into two groups (12 participants with pain and 12 without pain). Participants typed a predetermined text that utilized the instrumented keys multiple times. The dynamic forces applied to the keys were recorded and collected, using four thin and flexible force sensors attached to the preselected keys according to their location. Results: The results demonstrated that participants with high levels of MSS, specifically in the back and neck, in the last year exerted significantly higher key strike forces than those with lower levels of symptoms (p < 0.005). Conclusion: The key strike force exerted while typing on a keyboard may be a risk factor for MSS, and should therefore be considered in ergonomic evaluations and interventional programs.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to establish relationship between allergic diseases and functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents using objective criteria and questionnaires. Methods This study surveyed 237 children and adolescents who visited the department of Pediatrics of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Medicine Hospital from September 23rd, 2013 to December 26th, 2013. The Korean version of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and the Korean-translated Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III (QPGS-Rome III) were used. We analyzed the data by using PASW Statistics 18.0 with Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Linear by linear association. Results There was no significant difference between prevalence of allergic diseases and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Also, there was no strong relationship between the number of allergic diseases and the functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, some parts showed significant relationships - such as asthma symptoms ever and belch; asthma symptoms last 12 months and belch; allergic rhinitis diagnosis ever and belly aches and abdominal pain around and below the belly button; allergic rhinitis treatment last 12 months and belly aches and abdominal pain around and below the belly button; and atopic dermatitis diagnosis ever and irritable bowel syndrome (respectively; p=0.046, p=0.008, p=0.004, p=0.029, p=0.035). And as the number of allergic diseases increases, the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders are 19.4%, 31.3%, 41.7%, 31.0% respectively. Conclusions Although there was no significant relationship between allergic diseases and functional gastrointestinal disorders, some gastrointestinal symptoms were related to allergic diseases.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.138-152
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to provide a basic data of home health care nursing centered in the hospital by analyzing home health care needs. Data were collected from June 15. 2000 to June 23. 2000 through questionnaires taken by 208 patients to be discharge in a general hospital. The Home Health Care Need instruments used for collecting data was developed by the researcher. The data obtained were analyzed using frequency. percentage. mean. standard deviation. Chi-square test. t-test. one-way ANOVA. Pearson's correlation coefficients. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Factor Analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The perception of home health care nursing were 65.4% of subjects had never heard about home health care service and 2.4% of subjects knew about the methods & contents in detail. About the demands of home health care, 58.2% of the subjects were willing to use home health care and 41.8% weren't. 2. Regarding the areas of home health care needs. basic nursing care area was the highest. Education/ counselling, exercise/ hygiene. therapeutic nursing care was orderly. Injection and medication management of basic nursing care area were the highest. 3. In relation to characteristic-related diseases and home health care needs. as for the discharge type, the existence of sores, paralysis showed significant differences with home health care needs in the area of exercise/ hygiene(p<,05). Home health care needs in the area of therapeutic nursing care and exercise/ hygiene showed significant differences with the existence of pain. Home health care needs in the area of therapeutic nursing and basic nursing areas were significantly different in the use of catheter/ assistant instrument(p<.05). Home health care needs in the area of therapeutic nursing. exercise/ hygiene and basic nursing care showed significant difference with diagnosis(p<,05). In conclusion, awareness about home health care nursing were very low, home health care needs in the area of basic nursing was the highest. Home health care needs showed significant difference with discharge type, sores, paralysis, existence of pain, use of catheter/ assistant instrument and diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the influencing factors on presenteeism of nurses in Korea and Japan. Methods: The subjects were hospital nurses in Korea and Japan. Data of 1,618 nurses were collected from September 2007 to March 2008 by structured questionnaires. The response rate of subjects was 93.0% in Korea and 76.9% in Japan. The data was analyzed using SPSS 12.0 package. Results: The three major health problems of Korean nurses were 'shoulder, back and neck pain', 'fatigue or edema of foot' and 'gastrointestinal trouble'. The three major health problems of Japanese nurses were 'shoulder, back and neck pain', 'fatigue or edema of foot' and 'depression or anxiety'. 'Depression or anxiety' were considered the highest cause of presenteeism by nurses in both countries. The number of health problems was the most influencing factor on presenteeism by nurses in both Korea and Japan. Conclusions: These results imply that clinical nurses have a higher level of presenteeism. Therefore, administrators need to use job-related safety and health strategies to manage the presenteeism of nurses. It is desirable that those strategies will be specifically applied to gastrointestinal trouble management for Korean nurses and to depression management for Japanese nurses.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.366-374
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• 2012

In order to create a worker-friendly environment for institutional foodservice, facilities operating with a dry kitchen system have been recommended. This study was designed to compare the work safety and work environment of foodservice between wet and dry kitchen systems. Data were obtained using questionnaires with a target group of 303 staff at 57 foodservice operations. Dry kitchen facilities were constructed after 2006, which had a higher construction cost and more finishing floors with anti-slip tiles, and in which employees more wore non-slip footwear than wet kitchen (76.7%). The kitchen temperature and muscular pain were the most frequently reported employees' discomfort factors in the two systems, and, in the wet kitchen, "noise of kitchen" was also frequently reported as a discomfort. Dietitian and employees rated the less slippery and slip related incidents in dry kitchens than those of wet kitchen. Fryer area, ware-washing area, and plate waste table were the slippery areas and the causes were different between the functional areas. The risk for current leakage was rated significantly higher in wet kitchens by dietitians. In addition, the ware-washing area was found to be where employees felt the highest risk of electrical shock. Muscular pain (72.2%), arthritis (39.1%), hard-of-hearing (46.6%) and psychological stress (47.0%) were experienced by employees more than once a month, particularly in the wet kitchen. In conclusion, the dry kitchen system was found to be more efficient for food and work safety because of its superior design and well managed practices.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.675-688
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and the factors related to lifestyles in female college students with constipation. A survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaires. Two hundred ninety one subjects participated in this study. All respondents were divided into three groups based on their frequency of stool evacuation: 129 subjects (44.3%) comprised the normal group, 109 (37.5%) the mild constipated group and 53 (18.2%) the severely constipated group. Abdominal pain and ailment during evacuation were higher and the feeling of relief after evacuation was lower in the normal group than in the two constipated groups. The greater the symptoms of constipation, the more laxatives were taken. The prevalence of constipation was lower in students who lived at home than in those who lived in other types of residences. The more pocket money the subject had, the more complaints they had about constipation symptoms. Forty three percent of the subjects ate meals regularly. The less frequently they ate meals and the greater the rate of skipping breakfasts and dining-out, the greater were their constipation symptoms. Rice and most of the food items in the vegetable food group were consumed less frequently in the two constipated groups than in the normal group. The severely constipated group ate food items in the fat group less frequently than the normal and mildly constipated groups. The beverage intake of the normal group tended to be lower than those of the two constipated groups; the constipated groups consumed fruits and vegetable juices less frequently and coffee and tea more frequently. The severely constipated group ate the least number of food items in the vegetable & fruit and fat food groups. Therefore, dietary habits and factors related to lifestyles should be changed through nutrition education programs aimed at improving the symptoms of constipation in young women.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.24 no.67
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

A series of studies with collaboration of university, research institute, and labor union were conducted to examine the situation and severity of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at an automobile company which is one of the three major car companies in Korea. As the first part of the study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 4,000 employees at 2 different assembly sites and A/S centers over the country. The questionnaire was consisted of three parts; symptom survey, work environment information, and labor intensity survey. Among 4,000 questionnaires, 2,643 responses were considered for analysis. The result showed that 68.5% of the respondents complained pains on at least one part of the body and 48.8% on at least two parts of the body. After cross-sectional analysis of various information and risk factors such as severity of symptom, duration and frequency of pain, 31.5% of respondents were considered as at high risk of having MSDs. This high-risk rate showed similar result when compared with previous studies conducted at various manufacturing industries in Korea. Also the analysis of the work environment and job intensity survey supported the high-risk rate of MSDs.