• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2011

Background: Lidocaine patch (L5P) has demonstrated short-term efficacy in treating both acute surgical pain and chronic neuropathic pain with tolerable side effects. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is the mainstay of minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). Sufficient analgesia during PELD surgery makes the patient consider it real MISS. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of lidocaine patch in patients who underwent PELD under local anesthesia. Methods: L5P (L group) or placebo (P group) was randomly applied on the skin of the back covering the anticipated path of the working channel before 1 hour of surgery in 100 patients who underwent a single level PELD at L4-L5. Efficacy of the lidocaine patch was assessed by patient's numeric rating scale (NRS) of pain at each stage during the surgery and by a 5-scale grading of the satisfaction with the anesthesia of the operator and patients after surgery. Results: Mean NRS scores at the stages of needle insertion, skin incision, serial dilation and insertion of working channel, and subcutaneous suture were significantly lower in the L group than the P group. Postoperative operator's and patients' satisfaction scores were also significantly higher in L group than in the P group. There were subtle adverse effects in both groups. Conclusions: L5P provided better pain relief during PELD, especially at the stage of needle insertion, skin incision, serial dilation and insertion of working channel, and subcutaneous suture. It also provided higher patient and operator postoperative satisfaction, with only subtle adverse effects.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2000

Objectives : Yogaktong is the general term of lowback and sciatic pain. Simplely this is not for the syndrom or illiness but for the symptoms. In the field of western medicine, it's difficult to find out the cause and to be objective when the patient feel back and sciatic pain without HNP of L-spine. Methods : To get objective yogaktomg symptoms I did this study. This is the case study of 103 patients who felt yogaktomg, and had taken DITII(Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging) at department of acupuncture and moxibustion in Conmaul Oriental medical hospital from september 1, 1998 to august 30, 1999. Results : The temperature raised 53.4% at center of lowback. There is a temperature differance on both legs, in 70.73% of patients the pain side of leg is lower temperature than the other side. Conclusions : Generally, DITI of patients who have lowback and sciatic pain is shown increasing temperature in center of lowback, decreasing temperature in pain side of leg.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2010

Purpose : To evaluate effects of joint mobilization on the range of motion of chronic low back pain patients. Methods : The subjects were consisted of sixty patients who had non specific chronic low back pain(10 females. 10 males; mean aged 36.5). All subjects received modalities treatment with therapeutic massage for 10minutes and joint mobilization or manipulation for 10minutes per day and three times a week during 4 weeks period. The Multilevel Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire(MR-MDQ) was used to measure functional disability level. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure subjective pain level. Remodified Schober test(RST) was used to measure forward flexion range of motion of lumbar segment. Finger-to-Floor test(F-T-FT) was used to measure forward flexion range of motion of full spine of low back pain patients. All measurements of each patients were measured at pre-treatment and 4 week post-treatment. Results : The MR-MDQ, VAS, RCT and F-T-FT were significantly different within-subjects(p<.05), Conclusion : The manual therapy included therapeutic massage and joint mobilization found that improved chronic low back pain patients. Further studies are needed to including more subjects on long-term outcomes.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2019

Chronic orofacial pain is an umbrella term as a kind of painful regional syndromes to describe unremitting and prolonged pains in orofacial area. It is frequently characterized with the intractable pain without the proportionally corresponding tissue pathology over 3 months. Accordingly, it is difficult or almost impossible to establish the causally oriented treatment strategies in those cases, while multidisciplinary approaches were usually considered for preventing prolonged pain conditions from limiting daily life. Among a variety of approaches, pharmacological approach was clinically based on proper applications of several groups of drugs useful to relieve or alleviate pain. These drugs usually encompass several analgesics, muscle relaxants, anti-depressants, anticonvulsants and so on. Therefore, it is essential for dental clinician to be aware of the many peculiarities of these medications applied for management of chronic orofacial pain disorders. This review focused on the clinical considerations for the careful drug selection and application including dosages and adverse drug reactions.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 2022

Background: Coccygodynia is one of the chronic, refractory painful musculoskeletal disorders. Interventional procedures are applied to patients unresponsive to initial treatment in coccygodynia. This study aims to compare the treatment outcomes of ganglion impar block (GIB) and caudal epidural steroid injection (CESI) in patients with chronic coccygodynia. Methods: This study was a prospective randomized comparison study conducted between June 2019 and January 2021. Patients diagnosed with chronic coccygodynia were randomly divided into two groups: the GIB group and the CESI group. The severity of pain, presence of neuropathic pain, and quality of life were evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale, Leeds Assessment of the Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Scale, and Short Form-12 Health Survey (SF-12), respectively. Results: A total of 34 patients in each group were included in the final analyses. While there was a significant decrease in pain intensity in both groups in the 3-month follow-up, this decrease was more significant in the GIB group at the 3rd week. There was a significant improvement in the SF-12 physical score and the number of patients with neuropathic pain in both groups in the 3rd week, but this improvement was not observed in the 3rd month. Conclusions: Although GIB may provide more pain relief in short term, both GIB and CESI are useful treatment methods in coccygodynia unresponsive to more conservative treatments.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2000

Purpose: To show the results in term of pain and functional recovery in the mid-term follow up of total ankle replacement. Materials and Methods: We followed up 7 patients who had undergone total ankle arthroplasty during the periods between April 1990 and May 1997. They were evaluated after mean follow up of 3.6 years. Results: We reviewed these cases with regand to (in terms of) pain, function and alignment according to the Ankle-Hindfoot Scale designed by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. The average point was 78. Conclusion: Total ankle replacement especially unconstrained type seems good alternative to arthrodesis in selected cases of ankle arthrosis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.193-203
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• 2017

The implementation of national cancer screening has increased the detection rates of early gastric cancer (EGC) in Korea. Since the successful introduction of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the early 1990s, this technique has demonstrated improved short-term outcomes without compromising long-term oncologic results. It is associated with reduced pain, shorter hospitalization, reduced morbidity rates, better cosmetic outcomes, and equivalent mortality rates as those for open surgery. Laparoscopic gastrectomy improves patients' quality of life (QOL) and provides favorable prognosis. Single-incision laparoscopic gastrectomy (SILG) is one extremely minimally invasive method, theoretically offering improved cosmetic results, less postoperative pain, and earlier recovery after surgery than conventional multiport laparoscopic gastrectomy. In this context, SILG is thought to be an optimal method to promote and maximize patients' QOL in the acute postoperative phase. However, the technical difficulties of this procedure have limited its use. Since the first report describing single-incision distal gastrectomy in 2011, only 16 studies to date have evaluated SILG. Most of these studies have focused on the technical feasibility and safety of SILG because its long-term outcomes have not been reported. This article reviews the advantages and limitations of SILG.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.154-157
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• 2011

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is usually managed pharmacologically. It is not uncommon for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to suffer from PHN. It is difficult to prescribe a sufficient dose of anticonvulsants for intractable pain because of the decreased glomerular filtration rate. If the neural blockade and pulsed radiofrequency ablation provide only short-term amelioration of pain, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) with a low level of evidence may be used only as a last resort. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of PHN in patients with CKD. Methods: PHN patients with CKD who needed hemo-dialysis who received insufficient relief of pain over a VAS of 8 regardless of the neuropathic medications were eligible for SCS trial. The follow-up period was at least 2 years after permanent implantation. Results: Eleven patients received percutaneous SCS test trial from Jan 2003 to Dec 2007. Four patients had successfully received a permanent SCS implant with their pain being tolerable at a VAS score of less than 3 along with small doses of neuropathic medications. Conclusions: SCS was helpful in managing tolerable pain levels in some PHN patients with CKD along with tolerable neuropathic medications for over 2 years.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the early postpartum low back pain and pelvic girdle pain in the Korean medical hospital for 2-weeks. Methods: Fifty-one postpartum women who admitted for postpartum care in Korean hospital from December 3rd, 2011 to January 31st, 2012 had written out pain measurement questionnaires(SF-MPQ, VAS, ODI) three times for 2-weeks. SPSS 18.0 for Windows was used to analyse the data and the independent samples t-test, paired T-test were used to verify the results. Results: 1. Evaluation of low back pain within the first week after birth was as follows: SF-MPQ sensory area was $5.06{\pm}4.41$ points; SF-MPQ emotional areas was $0.86{\pm}1.34$ points; VAS mean was $3.79{\pm}2.02$ points; and ODI mean was $10.27{\pm}6.69$. 2. Early postpartum low back pain and pelvic girdle pain were significantly decreased in SF-MPQ, VAS, and ODI after 2-weeks(p < 0.01). 3. Age, birth type, parity, weight, and BMI increased during pregnancy does not affect the postpartum low back pain and pelvic girdle pain. Conclusions: The top 10% of postpartum low back pain scale was 10.8 points or more in the sensory area of SF-MPQ, and 3 points or more in the affective area of SF-MPQ. In the case of VAS, it was more than 7 points, and ODI was more than 21.8 points. Postpartum back pain with oriental medical treatment was significantly improved.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2022

Background: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) has been widely used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. Epidural injection of steroids can reduce the incidence and duration of postoperative pain in a short period of time. Although steroids are widely believed to reduce the effect of surgical trauma, the observation indicators are not uniform, especially the long-term effects, so the problem remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of epidural steroids following PTED. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database from 1980 to June 2021 to identify randomized and non-randomized controlled trials comparing epidural steroids and saline alone following PTED. The primary outcomes included postoperative pain at least 6 months as assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and the time of return to work. Results: A total of 451 patients were included in three randomized and two non-randomized controlled trials. The primary outcomes, including VAS and ODI scores, did not differ significantly between epidural steroids following PTED and saline alone. There were no significant intergroup differences in length of hospital stay. Epidural steroids were shown to be superior in terms of the time to return to work (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Intraoperative epidural steroids did not provide significant benefits, leg pain control, improvement in ODI scores, and length of stay in the hospital, but it can enable the patient to return to work faster.