• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2015

Background: The word "geop" is a unique Korean term commonly used to describe fright, fear and anxiety, and similar concepts. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the correlation between the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score of geop and three different questionnaires on pain perception. Methods: Patients aged 20 to 70 years who visited our outpatient pain clinics were evaluated. They were requested to rate the NRS score (range: 0-100) if they felt geop. Next, they completed questionnaires on pain perception, in this case the Korean version of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS). The correlations among each variable were evaluated by statistical analyses. Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between the NRS score of geop and the PSQ score (r = 0.075, P = 0.5605). The NRS score of geop showed a significant correlation with the PCS total score (r = 0.346, P = 0.0063). Among the sub-scales, Rumination (r = 0.338, P = 0.0077) and Magnification (r = 0.343, P = 0.0069) were correlated with the NRS score of geop. In addition, the NRS score of geop showed a significant correlation with the PASS total score (r = 0.475, P = 0.0001). The cognitive (r = 0.473, P = 0.0002) and fear factors (r = 0.349, P = 0.0063) also showed significant correlations with the NRS score of geop. Conclusions: This study marks the first attempt to introduce the concept of "geop". The NRS score of geop showed a moderate positive correlation with the total PCS and PASS score. However, further investigations are required before the "geop" concept can be used practically in clinical fields.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2016

본 연구는 간호사의 암성통증관련 지식과 수행도를 융합적으로 조사하기 위한 연구로 M시의 간호사 295명을 대상으로 하였다. 암성통증관련 지식과 수행도는 조은경(2009)의 연구도구를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0, t-test, ANOVA, Multiple Linear Regression 으로 분석하였다. 대상자의 지식은 30점 만점에 평균 $19.21{\pm}6.16$, 수행도는 4점 만점에 평균 $3.12{\pm}0.41$으로, 같은 도구를 사용한 다른 연구들에 비해 낮은 수준이었다. 권고안을 인지하고 있는 간호사의 지식과 수행도 사이에 유의한 차이가 있었고, 대상자의 지식과 수행도 사이에 정적인 상관관계가(r=.488, p=.001) 있었다. 대상자의 권고안인지도는 38.6%에 불과하였으므로, 간호사의 권고안 인지 및 활용능력 향상 내용을 포함한 암성통증관리관련 교육으로 암성통증관련 지식도를 높여 통증관리 수행도를 높여야 할 필요성이 있다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

Background: This study evaluated the efficacy of three intraoral topical anesthetics in reducing the injection needle prick pain from local anesthetic among children aged 7-11 years old. Methods: It is a prospective, Interventional, parallel design, single-blind, randomized clinical trial in which subjects (n=90) aged 7-11 years were included in the study based on an inclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into three groups based on computer-generated randomization with an allocation ratio of 1:1:1. Groups A, B, and C received benzocaine 20% jelly (Mucopain gel, ICPA health products Ltd, Ankleshwar, India), cetacaine anesthetic liquid (Cetylite Industries, Inc, Pennsauken, NJ), and EMLA cream (2% AstraZeneca UK Ltd, Luton, UK), respectively, according to manufacturer's instructions, for 1 minute prior to local anesthetic injection. After application of topical anesthetic agent, for all the groups, baseline pre-operative (prior to topical anesthetic administration) and post-operative scores (after local anesthetic administration) of pulse rate was recorded using Pulse oximeter (Gibson, Fingertip Pulse Oximeter, MD300C29, Beijing Choice Electronic). Peri-operative (i.e., during the administration of local anesthesia) scores were recorded using Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale, Modified Children hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CPS) behavior rating scale, and Faces Pain Scale (FPS-R) - Revised (For self-reported pain). Direct self-reported and physiological measures were ascertained using FPS-R - Revised and Pulse oximeter, respectively, whereas CPS and FLACC scales assessed behavioral measures. To test the mean difference between the three groups, a one way ANOVA with post hoc tests was used. For statistical significance, a two-tailed probability value of P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The Cetacaine group had significantly lower pain scores for self-report (P < 0.001), behavioral, and physiological measures (P < 0.001) than the other two groups. However, there was no significant difference between the Benzocaine group and EMLA group during palatal injection prick. Conclusion: Cetacaine can be considered as an effective topical anesthetic agent compared to benzocaine 20% jelly (Mucopain gel) and EMLA cream.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2009

Objectives : The Purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of traditional Korean herbal therapy to a patient with thoraco-lumbar compression fracture. Methods : The patient who had sudden low back pain, back pain and ambulation disorder due to pain caused by an accidental fall, we prescribed Doinseunggi-tang (Taorenchenqi-tang) for her with acupuncture therapy. And we adopted several scales to estimate to progress of her symptoms. Results : Soon after taking herbal medication with other treatments, the patients pain was controlled and was able to ambulation without pain. Conclusions : In this case, we assume that Doinseunggi-tang(Taorenchenqi-tang) play an important role in improvement of the patient's symptoms. So, the present results suggest that traditional Korean herbal therapy has the positive effect to reduce the pain and shortening the period of treatment.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2003

This study was to investigate the effects(pain, discomfort, and range of motion) of heat therapy according to the application time among the elderly with osteoarthritis. Study participants were 27 elderly women, who were diagnosed as osteoarthritis, suffered from it for more than 6 months, and who were staying at a nursing home in Busan. The independent variable was heat therapy, which was applied for 20minutes, one time per week according to 3 timetable(before waking up, while in daily living, before going to bed) over 6 weeks. The dependent variables were pain and discomfort measured by 20 points visual analog scales, and range of extension and flexion measured by goniometery. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows ; 1) There were significant differences for pain(F=9.77 p=.0001), discomfort(F=8.07 p=.001), range of extension(F=3.05 p=.05), and flexion(F=9.67 p=.0001) among heat therapy application times. 2) There were significant differences for pain(F=58.18 p=.0001), discomfort(F=63.68 p=.0001), range of extension(F=11.59 p=.001), and flexion(F=17.59 p=.0001) between before and after applying heat therapy. 3) There were not statistically significant differences for pain(F=.64 p=.531), discomfort(F=.18 p=.836), range of extension(F=1.33 p=.270), and fiexion(F=.26 p=.773) between before and after applying heat therapy according to the heat therapy application times. In conclusion, heat therapy was effective in reducing pain and discomfort, and in improving ROM for the elderly with osteoarthritis, but the effect of it was not different according to the time of application. We recommended further studies with larger sample size, longer and more repeatedly applied to investigate the effect of heat therapy according to the time of application.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review Korean domestic studies and investigate the research trends of pharmacopuncture therapy on cervical pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods: Domestic studies between February 1999 and May 2020 from four Korean databases were searched with combinations of keywords 'cervical pain', 'traffic accident', 'whiplash injury', and 'pharmacopuncture'. Results: 17 studies were selected for review, including 7 randomized controlled trials, 5 retrospective observational studies, 3 case reports, and 2 non-randomized controlled trials. Each study was reviewed by published year, study type, types of pharmacopuncture solutions, selected acupuncture points, dosage of pharmacopuncture solutions, frequency of treatment, concurrent treatments, outcome measurements, and the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture therapy. The results are as follows: (1) It showed that the total number of published studies had increased slightly in the last 10 years compared to the previous decade. (2) The pharmacopuncture solutions used in the studies were in the following order: Bee-Venom (蜂毒), Jungsongouhyul (中性瘀血), Hwangryunhaedoktang (黃連解毒湯) and Soyeom (消炎). Frequently used acupuncture points were GB20, GV21, A-shi point, GV16, EX-B2, and SI15 in order. (3) The most commonly used total injection dosage was 1.0 cc at a time, and the frequency of treatment was twice a week. (4) Concurrent treatments such as acupuncture, herbal medication, physical therapy and Chuna manual therapy were performed in all 17 studies. (5) Pharmacopuncture therapy showed positive effects on cervical pain caused by traffic accidents in all 17 studies reviewed. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture therapy was effective in cervical pain caused by traffic accidents in all 17 studies selected. Further studies will be needed using more larger scales and more objective data to confirm the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture therapy and to generalize its application.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2022

Background: As the internet usage becomes easily accessible, the patients are more frequently searching about diseases and medical/non-medical treatments. Considering that complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating disease, it is important to check the information that patients are accessing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the reliability, sufficiency, and accuracy of the YouTube videos about CRPS. Methods: This study is a descriptive research which is derived by searching videos using the keyword 'complex regional pain syndrome' on YouTube. Relevance-based sequencing was used to sort the videos. Sources and video parameters were documented. To evaluate the accuracy, reliability and content quality of the videos, Global Quality Score, Journal of American Medical Association Benchmark Criteria and Modified DISCERN Questionnaire scales were used. Results: A total of 167 videos were included in this study. The majority of the videos originated from USA (80.2%, n = 134). The median number of views was 639 and the viewing rate was 73.3. Most of the videos had partially sufficient data and the interaction index viewing rate parameters for videos with high content quality were greater than videos with low content quality (P = 0.010, P = 0.014). Conclusions: Our results showed that videos about CRPS on YouTube mostly had partially sufficient data and include intermediate-high quality contents. Moreover, high-content quality videos had higher viewing rates, interaction indexes, number of likes, longer durations, as well as better reliability and accuracy scores. Videos with high quality and reliable content are needed to reduce misinformation about CRPS.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2022

Background: The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM) involves many mechanisms including central nervous system sensitization theory, autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, and recently small fiber neuropathy. While the small fiber neuropathy itself can cause ANS dysfunction and neuropathic pain (NP), it is still unknown whether ANS problems have an association with severity of disease and NP in patients with FM. The aim of this study was to evaluate ANS dysfunction in FM patients and to explore possible associations of ANS dysfunction with disease severity and NP. Methods: Twenty-nine FM patients and 20 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were tested using sympathetic skin responses (SSR) and R-R interval variation analyses for sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS dysfunction, respectively. Disease severity and somatic symptoms of patients with FM were evaluated using the ACR-2010 scales and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and NP symptoms were evaluated using the Pain Detect Questionnaire and Douleur Neuropathique questionnaire. Results: FM patients were found to have ANS dysfunction characterized by increased sympathetic response and decreased parasympathetic response. SSR amplitudes were found to be correlated with a more severe disease. Although nonsignificant, NP severity tended to be associated with a decrease in sympathetic and parasympathetic activities. Conclusions: ANS dysfunction may play a role in the pathophysiology of FM. The trend of decreased ANS functions in FM patients exhibiting NP contradicts the notion that FM is a sympathetically maintained NP and may be explained with small fiber involvement.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2002

연구목적: 통증환자의 인지적 특정은 통증에 대한 지각이나 치료에 대한 반응에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 지각된 통제소재와 같은 인지적 특정이 통증환자의 정서장애나 대처방식과 어떤 관련이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 통증클리닉을 내원하여 치료를 받고 있는 환자 96명을 대상으로 지각된 통제소재를 알아보는 질문지와 미네소타 다면적 인성검사 (MMPI), 대처방식질문지, 주관적으로 통증의 정도와 시간, 괴로움정도, 통제정도를 평정하도록 하여 이 자료를 토대로 분석하였다. 결과: 자료분석결과 환자가 지각하는 통제소재가 내부에 있다고 믿을수록 통증에 대한 통제감이나 통증을 감소시키려는 노력을 했을 때 감소정도가 높은 것으로 보고하였다. 반면 외부통제감이나 우연에 의한 통제감이 높을수록 지각된 통증정도나 통증경험시간, 일상생활 장애정도가 높았다. 또한 내부통제감은 MMPI척도중 자아방어관련척도와 유의한 정적상관을 보였으며, 우울, 불안, 정서억압과 같은 척도와는 부적상관을 보였다. 대처방식 중에서 자기진술 및 감각의 재해석과 같은 방식은 내부통제감를 유의한 정도로 설명하였고 외부통제감과 우연에 의한 통제는 재앙화에 의한 설명변량이 유의한 수준에 이르렀다. 결론: 통증은 비록 신체적 장애이지만 주관적 통증지각이나 일상생활기능정도, 정서적 어려움에는 지각된 통제감과 같은 인지적 요인이 영향을 미친다. 따라서 환자가 통증에 효율적으로 대처하도록 하기 위해서는 내부통제감을 증가시키고 보다 효율적인 대처방식을 사용하도록 인지들 수정해수는 것이 필요하다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.335-345
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• 1995

Emotional state of dental outpatients was studied by means of symptom checklist-90- revision, 229 male and 290 female dental outpatients were subjected at the private local clinic in Pusna, during the period from 1994 to 1995. T-scores from SCL-90-R were analyzed psychologically by means of 90 questionnaires through Korean manual of SCL-90-R. The obntained results were as follows : 1. Mean value of T-scores on 9 basic scales of SCL-90-R in all the dental outpatients was within normal range. 2. T-scores in male were significantly higher than that in female, and there was a significant difference by age group in female. 3. There were higher levels of T-scores in groups of high academic carrier, salaryman, public servant, and unmarried person. 4. T-score of patients with periodontal pain was the highest in all subject groups. 5. While T-score of patients with K01(embedded and impated teeth) was the highest, that of K02(dental caries) was the lowest. 6. T-score in acute group was higher than that in chronic group. 7. T-score of patients treated in field of oral surgery or oral medicine was higher than those of other fields of dental treatments.