• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2000

This paper describes many of the pain processes. Especially processes of peripheral and central sensitization are discussed. Recently, it is possible to measure quantities of pain result from development of molecular biology. Therefore this review also represents aspect of molecular events of pain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among quality of life, caregiver depression levels, and disease severity, especially motor function, in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires using survey and interview from 80 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. The caregivers' quality of life was measured using medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey, and level of depression was scored using the beck depression inventory. In addition, children's motor function was evaluated using gross motor function measure-88 and functional independence measure scores. Results: Among 8 domains of medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey, "physical functioning," "physical role functioning," "mental health," and "bodily pain" domains were significantly correlated to "total" percentage scores of gross motor function measure-88. In addition, "mental health" and "bodily pain" domains were correlated to each sub-dimension, including "lying and rolling," "sitting," "crawling and kneeling," "standing," and "walking, running, and jumping." Similarly, the "running" and "jumping" dimensions including motor function measures correlated with "transfer," "locomotion," and "motor subtotal" of functional independence measure scores. The beck depression inventory scores were negatively correlated to "lying and rolling," "sitting," "crawling and kneeling," and the "total" percentage scores of gross motor function measure-88. The beck depression inventory scores were negatively correlated to "sphincter control," "communication," "social cognition," "cognitive subtotal," and "total" functional independence measure scores. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the quality of life and emotional problems of caregivers of CP children and support them both physically and psychologically with comprehensive rehabilitation.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.145-153
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The current study aims to identify the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on pain and grip strength in patients with cervical herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) and provide effective interventions for such patients. Methods: Included in this study were 20 subjects (10 men, 10 women) in their 30s-50s who had been diagnosed with cervical HIVD. Intervention methods included PNF neck patterns, dynamic reversal of antagonists, and a combination of isotonics. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure pain and dynamometers were used to measure grip strength. Results: After four weeks of muscle strengthening exercises, neck pain was significantly reduced, and hand grip strength significantly increased. Conclusion: PNF can be utilized as an effective intervention to reduce the pain of patients with cervical HIVD and to increase grip strength.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2023

Backgrounds: Pain management is one of the most important factors affecting the success of pediatric dentistry. Therefore, new needle- and pain-free local anesthesia techniques have been developed in parallel with technological advancements. The purpose of this study is to compare the pain perception and dental anxiety levels associated with a needle-free injection system (Comfort-in^TM) and the classic needle method during treatment-required infiltration anesthesia in children. Methods: This randomized controlled crossover split-mouth clinical study included 94 children who required dental treatment with local anesthesia using a dental needle or needle-free injection system for the bilateral primary molars. The Wong-Baker Scale (WBS) was used to measure pain perception at different times, and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) was used to measure the anxiety level of the child. A statistical software package was used to process the data. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the needle-free injection system and dental needle method during the induction stage for filling and pulpotomy (P > 0.05). "Pain on postoperative 1st day" was similar in both types of anesthesia (P = 0.750). Conclusions: The needle-free injection system was as effective as the dental needle method. The Comfort-in^TM system was an acceptable alternative for patients during the postoperative period. Understanding how pain management may be provided during local anesthesia administration and a child's fear and anxiety regarding the dentist may lead to better dental compliance.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.77-97
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study is to introduce pain measurement tools that are considered suitable for clinical practice and research for Korean Medicine Doctors. Methods : We analysed some widely used and also useful pain measurement tools in terms of their methods and dimensions. Results : Diagrams, scales and questions are usually used to measure pain intensity, temporal pattern, treatment including exacerbating and/or relieving factors, pain location, pain interference, pain quality, pain affect, pain duration, pain beliefs and pain history. Specific pain measurements are also available for specific conditions such as Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Oswestry Disability Index and Neck Disability Index. Conclusions : Faces Pain Rating Scale, numeric rating scale, visual analogue scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire and Brief Pain Inventory and commonly used pain measurements. Specific measurements should be considered depending on research topics.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examines the therapeutic effect of functional adjustment procedure therapy (FAPT), by comparatively analyzing behavioral disorders due to shoulder pain and subjective pain intensity subsequent to therapy, in patients with shoulder pain. METHODS: The intervention was performed on 48 employee patients with shoulder pain, Patients were administered 16 sessions of FAPT for 8 weeks, twice a week for 30 minutes per session. This study applied the neck pain and disability scale (NPDS) as a measurement tool, and used the questionnaire to measure subjective pain intensity to investigate the difference before and after administering FAPT to employee patients with shoulder pain. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was obtained between the mean difference in shoulder pain disorder, before and after FAPT. Assessing gender and age differences in the reduction effect of shoulder pain, showed significant difference in 8 of the 10 factors examined. Finally, examining the difference in the effect of reducing subjective shoulder pain by gender and age, we observed that gender-based disability reduction was significant for all 12 factors examined. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results of this study, validate the therapeutic efficacy of FAPT for patients with shoulder pain. We believe that this data will provide basic information to understand the health conditions and psychological variables of patients with shoulder pain.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2023

Objective: Manual therapy is a commonly utilized approach in managing chronic pain, but its specific impact on pain catastrophizing remains uncertain. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of manual therapy on pain catastrophizing in individuals with chronic pain. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases to identify relevant studies published from 2014 onwards. Studies that evaluated the impact of manual therapy on pain catastrophizing in individuals with chronic pain were incorporated. The risk of bias in the selected studies was evaluated using the Cochrane tool for risk of bias in qualitative analysis. For the quantitative analysis, RevMan 5.4 software was utilized, employing a random-effects model as the analysis model. The effect measure used in the analysis was the standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: In total, 26 studies were collected, and following the screening process, three of them were incorporated into the final analysis. The included studies involved a total of 153 patients with chronic pain. The interventions comprised various manual therapy techniques targeting different areas of the body. Pain catastrophizing and pain intensity were the primary outcomes of interest. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in pain catastrophizing scores following manual therapy intervention compared to control conditions (SMD = -0.91, 95% CI: -1.25 to -0.58). However, heterogeneity between the studies was observed. Conclusions: Despite the limited quantity and heterogeneity of studies, it has been demonstrated that manual therapy intervention is effective in reducing pain catastrophizing in individuals with chronic pain.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.32-40
• /
• 2008

Background: Angelica dahurica has been used in various clinical cases. Its taste is hot and its property is warm, dry and nonpoisonous. Its efficacy is to remove wind-damp, cure swelling and edema, exhaust pus, stop itching, rhinitis and leukorrhea. Object: To test through experiment Angelica dahurica's analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Method: Inject acetic acid as a pain-inducing substance to the mice and measure visceral pain bywrithing reflex. Inject carrageenan that is an edema-inducing substance to the rat's paw and measure volume of edema. Take thermal pain to mice with plantar test and measure paw withdrawal latency. Normal group is non Angelica dahurica-treated group and treated group is Angelica dahurica-treated group. Results: In acetic acid-induced visceral model, treatment with Angelica dahurica suppressed writhing reflex significantlyand dose-dependently. In carrageenan-induced paw edema model, treatment with Angelica dahurica suppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema. In plantar test model, no significant effect on the withdrawal latency of thermal stimulation-induced nociception was observed. Conclusion: Angelica dahurica has analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.519-535
• /
• 2005

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of manual therapies which are Posterior Anterior Central Vertebral Pressure (PACVP) and Posterior Anterior Unilateral Vertebral Pressure(PAUVP} in patients having a chronic pain in the neck. This study focused on sixty patients having a chronic pain in the neck from 19 years old and 65years old. There are 33 females and 27 males each. This study randomize two groups from all subjects that have been mentioned above. Group 1 received a cervical spine manual therapy, Group 2 received a conservative physical therapy. Each therapy was held for 3 times a week, totally, 6 times for two weeks. The tape was used to measure cervical range of motion(ROM) in six areas-flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, right rotation. 100mm Visual Analogue Scale(100mm VAS) was used to measure the subjective pain level. All measurements of each patient were measured at pre-treatment and 2 weeks post-treatment. The results of this study would be summarized as follow: 1. The manual treatment group has much more recovery than that of conservative physical therapy group in terms of the degree of the ROM improvement showing a significant difference between two groups(p<0.05) 2. The manual treatment group has more recovery than that of the conservative physical therapy group in the improvement of pain(p<0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) on the pain and recovery of function of acute low back pain patients. Methods: The subjects were consisted of 135 patients with acute low back pain. All subjects randomly assigned to mobilization group, stretching exercise group and modality treatment group. The mobilization group received mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) with modality treatment, exercise group received stretching exercise with modality treatment and modality treatment group received modality treatment. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure patient's pain level and Patient Specific Functional Scale(PSFS) was used to measure patient's functional disability level. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was mobilization group showed significantly decreased more than comparison group(p<.01) and active treatment group showed significantly decreased more than passive treatment group(p<.01). 2. Patient Specific Functional Scale(PSFS) was mobilization group showed significantly increased more than comparison group(p<.01) and active treatment group showed significantly increased more than passive treatment group(p<.01). Conclusion: It maybe suggested that mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) is beneficial treatment for acute low back pain patient.