• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2005

School violence is known to cause various emotional, behavioral and social problems. Low self-esteem, lack of self consciousness, sense of alienation, guilty consciousness, somatoform symptoms and low concentration happened to adolescent victims. This patient was suffering for school violence during about a year, then Pain disorder occurred to him. Neurofeedback has been used as a complementary therapeutic relaxation and a increasing self-esteem technique. This patient, is a 13-year- boy, who had been exposed school violence for a year and caused severe and constant pain, was successfully treated by Neurofeedback therapy with oriental medication. This case report is focused on treatment through these methods.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.316-324
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• 1998

This study was performed to evaluate the clinical features and treatment results on 55 temporomandibular disorder patients who had treated by conservative treatment using occlusal splint. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of men to women was about 1:2.2 and most of the patients were second and third decades. 2. Pain was the most frequent symptom, followed by clicking and mouth opening limitation. 3. The number of acute and chronic groups on the basis of 6 months duration of symptoms were similar. 4. Most of patients had Angle's Class 1 molar relationships(78.2%), followed by Class 3 and Class 2. 5. Centric Relation splints were used alone for treatment of 34 patients and 21 patients were treated with Centric Relation splints and Anterior Repositioning splints. The treatment duration of the patients who had complained pain was average 9.8 weeks and 6 patients of them had slight pain continuously during follow-up. 6. Eleven patient's maximum mouth opening who had mouth opening limitation was improved from 30. 7mm to 43.0mm during procedures.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2015

Background: Pain is one of the most important consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). It may affect several aspects of life, especially the quality of life (QoL). Hence, this study was conducted to establish an understanding of pain and its correlates and effects on patients with SCI in our community. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 58 male veterans suffering from SCI were admitted to our center for a regular follow-up. Demographic and SCI-related descriptive information were gathered using a self-reported questionnaire. To evaluate the patients' pain quality and the effect of pain on daily life, a questionnaire in 3 parts of lumbar, cervical and shoulder pain was administered. EuroQoL questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12 were also used to assess the patients' QoL. Results: The mean age of the participants was $45.91{\pm}6.69$ with mean injury time of $25.54{\pm}5.91$. forty-four patients (75.9%) reported pain, including lumbar pain (63%), cervical pain (39%) and shoulder pain (51%). The presence of pain was associated with lower QoL. Patients with lumbar pain reported a significant amount of pain affecting their daily life and this effect was higher in patients with lower GHQ score or anxiety/depressive disorder. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain, is a common complaint in veterans with SCI and is inversely associated with functioning and general health status. Lumbar and shoulder pain affects patient's daily living more than cervical pain.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2004

Objective: The aim of this study was to find about relation between Chiljung(七情) and chronic recurrent abdominal pain in children. Methods: It was surveyed the oriental medical book concerning Chiljung(七情) and western medical book concerning Chronic recurrent abdominal pain. Results: Chronic recurrent abdominal pain which is common disorder in children is mostly functional abdominal pain due to stress. The Stress can be defined as spiritual factor which lead to imbalance of body homeostasis in medicine. In oriental medicine, it is considered as Chiljung(七情) disorder. The gastrointestinal disease due to stress are peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic abdominal pain, vomitting etc. In oriental medicine pathology mechanism, it is considered as discord with liver and spleen, depression of spleen-energy. It comes within the category of depression. Children with chronic recurrent abdominal pain is dependent on parents and they have an introspective nature, compulsive idea which is intolerable for failure.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.100-111
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of back pain prevention intervention program on reducing back pain of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The patients were divided into two groups as the experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, the participants took bedrest for 4 hours after PCI and then received back pain prevention intervention program (BPPIP). Total of 5 times BPPIP with 1 hour interval for 5-10 minutes per each intervention was administered to the patients taking bedrest for 4 hours after PCI. In the control group, total of 5 times routine nursing care with 1 hour interval was administered to the patients taking bedrest for 4 hours after PCI. The data were collected on admission in the ICU and after the 5 exercise sessions. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN program. Results: No significant differences in the occurrence of hemorrhage after the BPPIP were observed between the experimental group and the control group. After the BPPIP, back pain outcomes were significantly low in the experimental group. However, urination disorder and cortisol level did not show a statistically significant differences between two groups. Conclusion: It is clear that BPPIP is a useful nursing intervention for reducing back pain of patients undergoing PCI.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2016

Background: Chronic back pain shows a high correlation with lumbar disability, physical disability for daily activities, and psychosocial factors, such as depression. Object: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of the level of pain and disability with psychosocial factors, which are potential disturbance variables, in patients with chronic lumbar pain. Method: The sample included 258 patients, who had complained of chronic lumbar pain for more than three months. The Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale was used to measure the level of pain, and a Korean version of Oswestry Disability Index was used to measure the level of disability. Psychosocial factors were measured using the Tampa scale for Kinesiophobia-11, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using PASW 18.0, and an independent samples t-test was used to examine frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation of sociodemographic characteristics and major variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the correlation between the level of pain and disability and psychosocial factors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was done to determine the level of pain and psychosocial factors of functional disorder. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Result: There is a strong correlation between the level of pain and functional disorder and psychosocial factors in patients with chronic lumbar pain. The study also revealed that as the levels of pain and fear avoidance increase, pain self-efficacy decreases. Conclusion: The results suggest that negative perceptions towards pain, limitations of physical movement, and severe fear avoidance directly affect the decrease in pain self-efficacy. Therefore, it is recommended to test pain self-efficacy when measuring the level of pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

Background: Many patients with chronic low back pain have reduced movement due to pain. For that reason, muscle strength weakens, which leads to pain again. The pain caused by such a vicious circle is not only caused by structural problems, but also by physical function, activity disorder, or psychological depression due to biopsychosocial approaches and pain neuroscience education was applied as an intervention to find out its effect. Therefore, this study was experimented with to find out the effects of pain neuroscience education on pain, physical function, activity disorder, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Randomized control trial Method: The study subjects were 39 patients with chronic low back pain, and the study subjects were randomized through computers to the experimental group applying pain neuroscience education and the control group applying only general physical therapy and myofascial release techniques, and the experiment was conducted for 4 weeks. Pressure Pain Threshold , Schober test, Korean Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Korean Oswestry Disability Index, and Korean Depression Screening Assessment were measured. Results: As a result of the study, there was no significant difference in pain neuroscience education compared to the group that applied only general physical therapy and myofascial release techniques in both lumbar pressure pain thresholds, Schober test, Korean Roland-Morris disability questionnaire, and Korean Oswestry disability questionnaire. However, the Korean Depression Screening Assessment which is the result of measuring depression, showed significant results(p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it is believed that it can be a way to mediate the psychological part through pain neuroscience education for patients with chronic low back pain in the future.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.205-218
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• 2008

수면과 통증과의 상호 작용은 여러 연구들에 의해 밝혀져 왔고 그 기전에 대해서는 현재도 다양한 연구들이 이루어지고 있으나 앞선 연구들은 대부분 류마티스질환이나 섬유근통과 같은 전신적 질환을 갖는 환자들을 대상으로 하고 있으며 측두하악질환을 포함한 안면통증 환자들을 대상으로 한 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 구강내과, 턱관절 및 안면통증 클리닉에 내원한 229명의 측두하악장애 환자를 대상으로 수면설문 및 간이 수면검사를 시행하여 측두하악장애 환자에서의 통증양상과 수면과의 관계를 분석해 보았다. 1. PSQI설문에 의한 수면의 질 평가에서는 통증이 있는 측두하악장애 환자군이 통증이 없는 군에 비하여 수면의 질이 저하된 환자의 비율이 높게 나타났으며 수면의 질이 저하된 정도도 더 크게 나타났다. 특히 통증이 6개월 이상 지속된 만성 측두하악장애 환자에서는 뚜렷하게 수면의 질 저하가 나타났다. 2. ESS설문에 의한 주간졸리움증의 평가에서도 통증이 있는 측두하악장애 환자군이 통증이 없는 군에 비하여 주간졸리움증을 호소하는 환자의 비율이 더 높았으며 6개월이상 통증이 존재하는 만성 측두하악장애 환자군에서 더욱 높았으며 주간 졸리움증의 정도 또한 더 심하였다. 특히 통증이 있는 만성 측두하악장애 환자군 중에서 global PSQI가 5이상인 수면이 저하되어 있는 환자에서만 평균 ESS 수치가 10이상을 기록하여 주간졸리움증의 판단 기준에 해당하였다. 3. 통증의 강도에 따른 수면의 질과의 관련성이나 주간졸리움증과의 관련성의 결과는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 수면관련 호흡장애를 검사하기 위한 간이수면검사기기인 ApnealinkTM를 사용하여 수면시 호흡상태를 측정한 결과 검사를 시행한 총 19명의 환자중 1명만이 수면무호흡저호흡지수(AHI)>5인 수면무호흡증을 나타내었다. 다른 만성통증질환과 마찬가지로 만성통증을 나타내는 측두하악장애 환자에서도 수면의 질이 저하되었으며 주간졸리움증이 심한 것으로 나타났다. 수면장애가 있는 경우 통증에 대한 역치를 낮추고 통증과 수면장애가 순환적인 상호작용을 일으켜 치료를 어렵게 하므로 측두하악질환을 진단하고 관리하는 데 있어 수면설문지를 이용한 수면 상태의 평가는 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 특히 치료가 장기화 되고 치료에 대한 반응이 적은 환자에게 있어서 수면장애에 대한 평가가 반드시 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. 간이수면검사기기 또한 치과에서 진단하기 어려운 호흡관련 수면장애의 초기 검진 시 유용한 도구가 되리라 생각되는 바이다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to find the relationship between pain and joint effusion using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. Materials and Methods: The study subjects included 232 TMD patients. The inclusion criteria in this study were the presence of spontaneous pain or provoked pain on one or both temporomandibular joints (TMJs). The provoked pain was divided into three groups: pain on palpation (G1), pain on mouth opening (G2), and pain on mastication (G3). MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5-T MRI scanner. T1- and T2-weighted images with para-sagittal and para-coronal images were obtained. According to the T2-weighted image findings, the cases of effusions were divided into four groups: normal, mild (E1), moderate (E2), and marked effusion (E3). A statistical analysis was carried out using the $X^2$ test with SPSS (version 12.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Spontaneous pain, provoked pain, and both spontaneous and provoked pain were significantly related to joint effusion in TMD patients (p<0.05). However, among the various types of provoked pain, pain on palpation of the masticatory muscles and TMJ (G1) was not related to joint effusion in TMD patients (p>0.05). Conclusion: Spontaneous pain was related to the MRI findings of joint effusion; however, among the various types of provoked pain, pain on palpation of the masticatory muscles and TMJ was not related to the MRI findings of joint effusion. These results suggest that joint effusion has a significant influence on the prediction of TMJ pain.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2008

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an inborn error of purine metabolism resulting from hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficiency and leading to excess purine production and uric acid over-production. It is a very rare X-linked recessive disorder, characterized by movement disorder, cognitive deficits, and self-injurious behavior. However, because of the high incidence of calculi, patients may present for surgery of urinary tract, and have increased risk of difficult intubation, aspiration pneumonia, renal insufficiency or sudden death. We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome who underwent successive extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy under general anesthesia.