• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of breathing exercises and lumbar segmental exercises on the segmental stability of patients with chronic back pain. Methods: Fifty-nine patients, who suffered from chronic low back pain, were enrolled in this examination. They were divided randomly into three groups: experiment group 1 underwent breathing and segmental stabilization exercises (n=20), experiment group 2 experienced segmental stabilization exercises (n=20), and the control group was given the modality treatment (n=19). The measurements were assessed through an Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ), as well as a lumbar segmental instability test (LSIT). Results: The ODQ results for experimental groups 1 and 2 were similar (p<0.05), both before and after six weeks of exercise, but different among the three groups (p>0.05). The differences in segmental instability of each of the three groups were similar (p<0.05), and also similar among the three groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that lumbar segmental stabilization exercises are efficient in increasing the segmental stability and alleviating pain in patients with chronic back pain. Additional studies on this subject will be needed to improve the clinical applications in the future.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2014

Objective: This study aims to investigate high energy and low energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and which one is more effective for shoulder pain. Design: Single blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifty two subjects with upper trapezius (UT) trigger point (TrP) participated in this study. They were allocated to high energy (n=26) and low energy group (n=26). This study applies ESWT and investigates the changes of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and visual analogue scale (VAS). The high and low energy groups received focused piezo electric type ESWT 4 Hz, 1,000 pulses and 0.351 and $0.092mJ/mm^2$ respectively. Outcome measures of PPT and pain was measured by algometer and pain VAS. These measurements were performed before and after treatment. Results: The PPT value was significantly increased in both groups after treatment (p<0.05) and VAS scores were significantly decreased after treatment in both groups (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: ESWT is an effective treatment for the application of the UT TrP. Although there were significant effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on PPT and VAS scores, there were no signficant differences between high and low energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate impact of wearing low-level current wrist guards on pain scale, range of motion (ROM), and muscle strength in elderly women with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). Subjects were 12 elderly women aged between 65 and 85 years who were diagnosed with CTS symptoms. Measurements included grip strength and wrist ROM. Wrist ROM was assessed through flexion and dorsiflexion. Wrist guards were worn. After two weeks, pain level was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results showed a significant reduction in VAS score in the MES group after stimulation, whereas there was no difference in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in ROM between the MES group and the control group. Grip strength increased in the MES group after two weeks (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, clinical trials suggest that MES wrist guards might be provided as an adjunctive treatment method for CTS patients. This study provides foundational data for the design and use of auxiliary devices such as gloves in the field of MES research for pain reduction, ROM improvement, and muscle strength enhancement resulting from CTS.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine the intertester and intratester reliabilities of the Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) method, and to examine if significant differences existed in scapular positions among the pain groups (right-shoulder pain group, left-shoulder, pain group and both-shoulders pain group). 27 female subjects (mean age = 51.6, mean height = 157.7 cm, mean weight = 57.5 kg) with shoulder pain were recruited for this study. Methods: The bilateral distances between the root of the scapular spine and T3/4 (RSS), and between the inferior scapular angle and T7/8 (IA), were recorded. Subjects were tested at three positions: the with arms with abducted at 0, 45 and 90 degrees in the coronal plane. The LSST measurements were performed by two testers, selected randomly. Results: The results were as follows: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the intertester reliability were excellent (ICC 0.78-0.94). And the ICCs for the intratester reliability were excellent (ICC 0.83-0.99). In the right-shoulder and both-shoulders pain groups, the right-side RSS and IA values of right side were significantly greater than of the left-side RSS values left side for the arms abducted at 0 degrees of right shoulder pain group and both shoulder pain group (p<.05). However, the side-to-side difference was less than 1.5 cm. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the LSST is highly reliable in identifying the abnormal scapular position of patients with shoulder problems. Future research should be continued to clarify the clinical usefulness of this method.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2007

Background: Selective diagnostic blocks of the medial branches of the dorsal primary ramus are usually performed under the guidance of fluoroscopic or computed tomography. Recently, however, ultrasound guidance has been suggested as an altemative method. In this study, the distances between the vertebral structures were measured and compared with the values measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the clinical feasibility of using ultrasound-guided block in Korean patients. Methods: Five male and 15 female patients were enrolled in this study. The target point of the medial branch block in our study was the groove at the base of the superior articular process, We measured the depth from the skin to the target point at the transverse process (d-TP) and to the most superficial point of the superior articular process (d-AP). Results: The d-TP and d-AP values measured under ultrasound guidance were concordant with the values measured using MRI. Conclusions: The images of the bony landmarks obtained under ultrasound examination could be useful for ultrasound-guided lumbar medial branch block.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1914-1920
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• 2019

Background: Mobilization and cranio-cervical flexion exercise has been reported in reducing pain from cervical part and improving its motor function; also, has been represented that alleviate of neck pain and recover of neck muscles improve the normal gait performance. However, few studies have identified the effects of mobilization and exercise on pain and gait parameters with preceding issues. Objective: To examine the effects or changes of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and gait parameters in patients with chronic neck pain. Design: Cross-Sectional Clinical Trials Methods: Twenty patients with the history of neck pain (>3 months) performed the cervical mobilization and cranio-cervical flexion exercise. Gait parameters were assessed with wireless device and collected data were transmitted to the personal computer via Bluetooth. The PPT was measured posteroanterior direction at the prone position and the mean of subsequent three PPT measurements was used for the final analysis. Results: Both cervical central posteroanterior mobilization (CCPAM) (p<.000) and sling-based cranio-cervical flexion exercise (SBCCFE) (p<.000) group showed a significant increase in the PPT and the gait parameters, cadence (p<.023), was significantly increased in the CCPAM group, however slightly increased in the SBCCFE group. The comparison between the CCPAM and the SBCCFE groups after treatment did not show significant differences for the score on the PPT and gait parameters. Conclusions: This study suggests that CCPAM and SBCCFE increase PPT, cadence, and gait speed.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) methods on muscle tone, pain, and depression in patients with breast cancer. Methods: The study had a two-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 24 patients with breast cancer voluntarily participated in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to the MLD (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Measurements of muscle tone, pain, and depression were taken prior to starting the intervention and after completing the 4 week program. The muscle tone, pain, and depression were measured using noninvasive muscle tone measuring equipment, the short-form McGill pain questionnaire, and the Beck depression inventory, respectively. The intervention was performed for 20 minutes a day, three times a week, for four weeks. A paired t-test was used to compare pretest and posttest values within each group, and an independent t-test was used to compare to pretest and posttest changes between the groups. Results: Comparison of the effects within the groups revealed significant reductions in muscle tone, pain, and depression in the MLD group after 4 weeks (p<.05), whereas the control group showed no differences. Comparison of the effects between the groups revealed significantly better reductions in muscle tone, pain, and depression in the MLD group than in the control group after 4 weeks (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that MLD is an effective method for reducing muscle tone, pain, and depression in patients with breast cancer.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2024

Background: In pediatric dentistry, fear and anxiety are common among children. Local anesthetics (LA) are widely used to control pain and reduce discomfort in children during dental treatment. Topical anesthetics play a vital role in reducing pain and the unpleasant sensation of a needle puncture in children. Peppermint oil has been extensively used for various diseases. However, its anesthetic properties remain unknown. Peppermint oil, used in mouthwashes, toothpastes, and other topical preparations has analgesic, anesthetic, and antiseptic properties. This study aimed to compare and evaluate pain perception following the topical application of peppermint oil versus lignocaine spray before an intraoral injection in children, aged 8-13 years. Method: Fifty-two children, aged between 8-13 years, who required local anesthesia for dental treatment were divided into two groups of 26 each by simple random sampling (Group 1: 0.2% peppermint oil and Group 2: lignocaine spray). In both groups, physiological measurements (e.g., heart rate) were recorded using pulse oximetry before, during, and after the procedure. Objective pain measurement (Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale) during administration and subjective measuremeant (Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS)) after LA administration were recorded. This was followed by the required treatment of the child. Physiological parameters were compared between the two groups using an independent t-test for intergroup assessment and a paired t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA for intragroup comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the pain scores. Results: Intragroup mean heart rates, before, during, and after treatment were statistically significantly different (P < 0.05). However, the intergroup mean pulse rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mean WBFPS score in the lignocaine spray group was 4.133 ± 2.06 was statistically different from that of the peppermint oil group (0.933 ± 1.03; P < 0.001^*). The mean SEM score was significantly lower in the peppermint oil group than that in the lignocaine spray group (P = 0.006). No negative effects were observed in this study. Conclusion: 0.2% peppermint oil was effective in reducing pain perception.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.519-535
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• 2005

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of manual therapies which are Posterior Anterior Central Vertebral Pressure (PACVP) and Posterior Anterior Unilateral Vertebral Pressure(PAUVP} in patients having a chronic pain in the neck. This study focused on sixty patients having a chronic pain in the neck from 19 years old and 65years old. There are 33 females and 27 males each. This study randomize two groups from all subjects that have been mentioned above. Group 1 received a cervical spine manual therapy, Group 2 received a conservative physical therapy. Each therapy was held for 3 times a week, totally, 6 times for two weeks. The tape was used to measure cervical range of motion(ROM) in six areas-flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, right rotation. 100mm Visual Analogue Scale(100mm VAS) was used to measure the subjective pain level. All measurements of each patient were measured at pre-treatment and 2 weeks post-treatment. The results of this study would be summarized as follow: 1. The manual treatment group has much more recovery than that of conservative physical therapy group in terms of the degree of the ROM improvement showing a significant difference between two groups(p<0.05) 2. The manual treatment group has more recovery than that of the conservative physical therapy group in the improvement of pain(p<0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2013

Background: Incisional pain is particularly troublesome after hysterectomy. A method called transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) has shown promise in managing postoperative pain. In this study, we evaluated the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided TAPB after hysterectomy at different time points and at each time point separately for 48 hours. Methods: Forty-two patients (ASA I, II) who were electively chosen to undergo total abdominal hysterectomy were divided into 2 groups, control (group C) and intervention (group I). Twenty-one patients underwent TAPB (group I) and 21 patients received only the standard treatment with a fentanyl pump (group C). Both groups received standard general anesthesia. For patients in group I, following the surgery and before emergence from anesthesia, 0.5 mg/kg of ropivacaine 0.2% (about 20 cc) was injected bilaterally between the internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles using sonography. Pain scores using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and drug consumption were measured at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after TAPB. Results: There were no significant differences in demographics between the two groups. VAS scores appeared to be lower in group I, although there was no interaction with time when we compared mean VAS measurements at different time points between group I and group C (P > 0.05). The amount of fentanyl flow was consistently higher in group C, but when we compared the two groups at each time point separately, the observed difference was not statistically significant (P < 0.053). The incidence of vomiting was 10% in group I and 28% in group C. There were no complaints of itching, and sedation score was 0 to 3. There were no complications. Conclusions: This study showed that TAPB did not result in a statistically significant decrease in VAS scores at different time points. TAPB did lead to decreased fentanyl flow, but when we compared the two groups at each time point separately, the observed difference was not statistically significant.