• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.125-135
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• 2014

Objectives : Warm needling is the method combining the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion. In modern clinics, warm needling is only affected by treatment time or frequency. We need to study the physical characteristics of warm needles currently used in clinics in order to develop more efficient and economical treatments. Methods : We collected various warm needle specimens and analyzed chemical constitutions, measured heat transfer velocity, micro Vicker's hardness and specific resistance. We studied the relationship between heat transfer velocity and micro Vicker's hardness as well as that between heat transfer velocity and specific resistance. Results : The heat transfer velocity of the Silver_HL was 3.3 mm/sec, of the Au alloy group was 1.3~2.6 mm/sec, and Silver_IN, Silver_ZK and SS groups was less than 0.3 mm/sec. We therefore concluded that the needle composed of Ag has the best heat transfer velocity. In the Micro Vicker's hardness test, Vicker's hardness of the Au alloy group was 159~170 Hv, of Silver_HL was 181 Hv, and of the Silver_IN, Silver_ZK, SS group was 450.8~519 Hv. In the Silver_IN, Silver_ZK and SS groups, hardness was inversely proportial to thermal conductivity. In the specific resistance test, the specific resistance of Silver_HL was the lowest, that of the Au alloy group was the second lowest, and that of the Silver_IN, Silver_ZK, SS groups were the highest. Conclusions : We concluded that the needle composed of Ag has the best heat transfer velocity, highest electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, therefore the needle composed of Ag is suitable for warm needling.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2007

This study was undertaken to assess the antinociceptive effect of Korean bee venom (BV) in mice. Korean BV was collected using BV collector devices in which an electrical impulse is used to stimulate the worker bee (Apis mellifera L.) to sting and release venom. After collection, whole BV was evaporated until dry using the BV collector. Experiments were performed on male ICR mice (weighing $30{\sim}35g$, 6 weeks old). Mice were divided into 4 groups, each comprising 8 mice. BV was diluted and amounts of 6 mg/kg body weight (BW), 0.6 mg/kg BW and 0.06 mg/kg BW were tested. BV was subcutaneously injected to produce an antinociceptive effect and the antinociceptive efficacy was evaluated using a writhing test in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid produced a tonic pain behavior, first observed at 3 to 9 min post-injection. This writhing response peaked at 20 min post-acetic acid injection, and then declined until it was undetectable at 60 min post-injection. The time elapse between the administration of acetic acid and the first observed pain behaviors indicated a dose-dependent suppressive effect. These results suggest that Korean BV may be used to achieve an antinociceptive effect for use in medical therapies.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.138-144
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• 2014

Lateral epicondylitis is one of the most common causes of elbow pain and has been known to be caused by degeneration of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). Nonoperative treatment should be tried first in all patients, because it has been deemed highly successful; however only few prospective studies suggest that symptoms frequently was completely resolved. Operative treatment is indicated for recalcitrant pain after failed conservative treatment, which involves excision of the pathologic portion of the ECRB and results in a high degree of subjective relief and functional restoration. We will review the pathology of the lateral epicondylitis and operative and nonoperative treatment of lateral epicondylitis.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.185-189
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• 2014

We report a case of intramuscular hemangioma in the subscapularis muscle and the resulting impairment of shoulder function in an adult patient. A nineteen-year-old female complained of shoulder pain and the development of a mass in the absence of previous trauma. Physical examinations, including lift-off and belly-press tests, showed abnormality. X-ray showed multiple calcifications in the front of the scapula. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a soft-tissue mass occupying almost the entire intramuscular portion of the subscapularis muscle. An arthroscopic examination excluded the possibility of a joint invasion, after which the entire mass was successfully removed by open excision. The displacement of the subscapularis by the mass was relieved after the surgery. Pathological diagnosis of the tissue confirmed a cavernous hemangioma. Both shoulder pain and function was improved after operation. There was no evidence of recurrence even at the 2-year follow-up. Rare forms of hemangioma adjacent to the shoulder joint could be successfully managed with surgical excision. Differential diagnosis, such as synovial chondromatosis, pigmented villo-nodular synovitis, and malignant sarcoma, should also be considered.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2020

Heterotopic ossification is formation of bone in atypical extra-skeletal tissues and usually occurs spontaneously or following neurologic injury with unknown cause. We report a 46-year-old female with right shoulder pain and restricted range of motion (ROM) for 3 months without history of trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a lesion within the rotator cuff supraglenoid. Excisional biopsy from a previous institution revealed a heterotopic ossificans (HO). Following repeat MRI and bone scan, histopathology from arthroscopic resection confirmed an HO. The patient demonstrated improved pain and ROM at follow-up. Idiopathic HO rarely occurs in the shoulder joint, and resection of HO should be delayed until maturation of the lesion to avoid recurrence. The current case showed that arthroscopic HO resection provides an excellent surgical view to ensure complete lesion removal and minimize soft tissue damage at the supraglenoid area. Furthermore, the minimally invasive procedure of arthroscopy may reduce rehabilitation time and facilitate early return to work.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 1987

The life changes of TMJ patients were evaluated through the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) questionnaire. 61 female TMJ patients and 80 dental new female outpatients were studied at the TMJ Clinics, Department of Oral Diagnosis, PNUH from February to September 1987. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The life change unit (LCU) totals and number of life events in the TMJ patients were significantly higher than those in the control subjects, especially during the 1-6 months before presentation for the hospital. 2. There was no significant difference in the number of the high-scored (over 150 LCU totals) between the TMJ patients and the control subjects. 3. There was a significant difference in LCU totals and life events between the TMJ patients and the control subjects by age, despite no difference in LCU totals and life events between the young and the advanced subgroups. 4. The LCU totals and the number of life events in the TMJ patients over 13-year-school age were significantly higher than those in the control subjects over 13-year-school age and the TMJ patients under 12-year-school age. 5. The married subgroup in the TMJ patients showed no significant difference in LCU totals and life events as compared with the unmarried one. 6. Categorizing life events into 6 items (marital life, health, occupation, family, finances and social), the TMJ patients had the higher frequencies in marital life and occupation than the control.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.94-97
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• 2004

Herpes zoster presents clinically with cutaneous vesicular eruption and pain along the dermatome, but it can sometimes cause muscular paralysis. When the disease involves cervical root, it is included in the differential diagnosis of shoulder diseases. A sixty-six year old patient, complaining of severe pain and weakness of his left shoulder, was referred to the authors as having a partial tear of the supraspinatus tendon on MRI. However, the authors found out a paralysis of the sixth cervical root in the patient by electrophysiologic studies, noting that the patient had been affected with a herpes eruption in the neck and arm two months before. Zoster paresis has been reported to be associated with the cutaneous eruption within two weeks of its onset, making its diagnosis not so difficult. The authors report a case of delayed-onset muscular paralysis after cutaneous herpes zoster, which presented just like a rotator cuff tear.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2003

Purpose: to determine the results after open intramedullary nailing and tension band suture technique in proximal humerus fracture for improving the stability and decreasing the complications. Materials and Method: Authors reviewed 27 patients treated by open intramedullary nailing and tension band suture technique. Mean follow-up period was 39 months (24-59months). Surgical neck fracture were 6 cases, surgical neck fracture with shaft fracture were 3 cases, three part fracture with greater tuberosity fracture were 17 cases, four part fracture was 1 case and fracture and dislocation were 2 cases Results: We got the bony union in 26 cases. Average pain scale was 1 point (0-6), Neer score was 86 point(45-99) and ASES score was 85 point(40-100). We separate all cases in two groups based on age (65 years), L-spine t-score (-2.5) and Neer classification (2 and 3 part). There is no significance in pain scale, Neer score and ASES score between each group. Conclusion: As a method of surgical treatment on severe proximal humeral fractures, we recommend intramedullary nailing and tension band suture technique and it may have particular advantages in early exercise and satisfactory functional outcome.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2014

Purpose: This study want to draw conclusion based on data taken from national health insurance and determined the distribution and direction of patients treated at private clinics. Methods: The author's research spanned and compared the nationally insured patients by sexes, diagnoses, age groups and cases per year (2005, 2009, and 2013). Subjects were 3,536 patients of a private clinic in Seoul that were covered under national insurance. Results: There was no disparity across sexes nor cases, but both were on the decline. The most common dental conditions were pulpitis and dental caries at 38.4% and 16.4%, respectively. Both have decreased. Despite a drop in overall patients, the percentage of patients under 10 years old jumped substantially. Of overall age groups, teens were most prevalent at 33.5%, second and third being those in their forties and fifties (14.2% and 12.0%, respectively). Conclusions: The major illnesses that plague patients are pulpitis, dental caries, eruption disorder, gingivitis and periodontitis: the wane of pulpitis cases (a considerable percentage) and the actual numbers of patients has contributed to the general decrease in cases.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2006

Purpose: To investigate early complications after repair of massive rotator cuff tears and to find out factors that compromise the results. Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients who had two or more cuff tendons involved were included. All patients were operated by open acromioplasty and rotator cuff repair. At 3 months after operation, we investigated whether there were any early complications or not. We used ASES scoring system for preoperative and follow up evaluation. In addition, various preoperative factors, such as duration of symptom, degree of tendon retraction, degree of fatty degeneration, and acromio-humeral distance, were compared between the complicated patients and non-complicated patients. Results: At 3 months after operation, the ASES score and pain were improved in any degree in all patients. But 5 patients complained persisting pain, and three of them showed major complications such as re-rupture of rotator cuff or deltoid rupture. But no preoperative factors in complicated patients were significantly different from those in non-complicated patients. Conclusion: None of the preoperative factors were related to the complications. There was a tendency of overestimation of fatty degeneration in MRI. Some factors in surgical technique and rehabilitation were highly suspected to be related to the complications.