• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2015

Pain and sensory disorder resulting from injury to peripheral nerves of the face and jaws are a major source of patient dissatisfaction and suffering. The majority of patient who sustain injuries to the peripheral sensory nerves of the face and jaws experience a slow but orderly return of sensation that is functional and tolerable in quality, if not "normal". For many patients, however, the long-term effects are a source of aggravation, and for a few, a significant cause of suffering. Common complaints relate to reduced sensory information causing embarrassing food accumulations or drooling, biting a burning the lip or tongue, and difficulty in performing routine activities such as shaving and apply makeup. For some patients posttraumatic symptoms become pathological and frankly painful. The predominent pain components are (1) numbing anesthesia dolorosa pain, (2) triggered neuralgiaform pain, (3) burning, aching causalgiaform pain, and (4) phantom pain. This is a report of cases about posttraumatic pain syndrome associated with dental treatment in a psychologically disabled patient.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim on this study was to establish the validity, reliability and efficiency of a Pain Self-Report Scale for elderly with dementia and compare these results with an observational pain rating scale. Methods: Study subjects were 136 elderly with dementia who were residents in a nursing home, geriatric hospital, or day care center. The subject's pain was measured by five self-report scales and observational scale. DS-DAT (discomfort scale-dementia of the Alzheimer's type) was used for pain behavior observational measure. Cognitive state was assessed using the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination). Results: Observational rating correlated moderately with self-report (r=.225~.585, p<.05) and tended to underestimate pain intensity. Test-retest reliability was high for all five self-report scales, and the correlation between these scales was very strong (r=.735~.856, p<.05). Comprehension rate of VDS (verbal descriptor scale) was 88.3%, and NRS (numeric rating scale) 69.9%, FPS (face pain scale) 66.9%, HVAS (horizontal visual analog scale) and VVAS (vertical visual analog scale) 65.4%. Conclusion: Nurses should not apply observational scales routinely in demented patients as many of these are capable of reporting their own pain. Self-report, the highest standard of pain measurement can be reliably performed in a large proportion of demented elderly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.220-228
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate estheticians' self-reported pain symptoms and pain levels according to the parts of the hand. Methods: Data were collected through a questionnaire survey among 116 estheticians from 31 skin care centers and spas. Information about general characteristics, job characteristics and work characteristics were based on data from the self-administered questionnaire. To determine the self-reported pain symptoms and pain levels according to the parts of the hand, a Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire was used. Results: The subjects had the greatest self-reported pain symptoms in the thumb(Right: 53.4%, Left: 46.6%) and felt the highest level of pain in the wrist(Right: 4.87 points, Left: 4.71 points). Physical burdens and age had statistically significant effects on the pain level in the right hand, while physical burdens and the manager rather than the director had statistically significant effects on the pain level in the left hand. Conclusions: Since the thumb and wrist have the greatest subjective pain symptoms in the hand, the use of proper tools is recommended in order to reduce the usage of the thumbs during massage, as is regular stretching to protect the wrists.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2014

Nefopam (NFP) is a non-opioid, non-steroidal, centrally acting analgesic drug that is derivative of the nonsedative benzoxazocine, developed and known in 1960s as fenazocine. Although the mechanisms of analgesic action of NFP are not well understood, they are similar to those of triple neurotransmitter (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) reuptake inhibitors and anticonvulsants. It has been used mainly as an analgesic drug for nociceptive pain, as well as a treatment for the prevention of postoperative shivering and hiccups. Based on NFP's mechanisms of analgesic action, it is more suitable for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Intravenous administration of NFP should be given in single doses of 20 mg slowly over 15-20 min or with continuous infusion of 60-120 mg/d to minimize adverse effects, such as nausea, cold sweating, dizziness, tachycardia, or drowsiness. The usual dose of oral administration is three to six times per day totaling 90-180 mg. The ceiling effect of its analgesia is uncertain depending on the mechanism of pain relief. In conclusion, the recently discovered dual analgesic mechanisms of action, namely, a) descending pain modulation by triple neurotransmitter reuptake inhibition similar to antidepressants, and b) inhibition of long-term potentiation mediated by NMDA from the inhibition of calcium influx like gabapentinoid anticonvulsants or blockade of voltage-sensitive sodium channels like carbamazepine, enable NFP to be used as a therapeutic agent to treat neuropathic pain.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was a qualitative research using focus group interviews to collect data on the health care providers' perceptions of physical function in older adults with arthroplasty from hip fracture. Methods: A total of 12 subjects participated in this study. In order to conduct focus group interviews, structured manuscript, field notes, visual recording, and debriefing notes were referred and thematic analysis was used in analysis phase. Results: The six themes were raised: 'burdensome client', 'health care providers' perception of functional decline in older adults after surgery', 'health care providers' perception of caregiver', 'medical environment perceived as affecting physical function', 'crucial components perceived as encouraging functional restoration', and 'difficulty of pain management' with 18 subthemes. Conclusion: Healthcare providers perceived functional decline of elderly after arthroplasty and identified points facilitating or disturbing physical function Moreover, various perspectives on pain management related to physical function were represented.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.263-272
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to identify health needs of the elderly at nursing homes by long-term care grade. Methods: The health needs of 116 elders at two nursing homes in Seoul were measured with resident assessment protocols (RAPs), activities of daily living (ADL), and cognitive performance scale (CPS), and pain and depression were measured by resident assessment instrument (RAI). Results: With regard to RAPs, 11 out of 18 items had different distribution in the 3 groups significantly. The 1st-grade elders had a higher percentage of 9 items than the 2nd- and 3rd-grade ones but the 3rd-grade ones had the highest health needs related with activity. The 2nd-grade elders had similar health needs to the 1st-grade ones. In terms of functional level, the 1st-grade elders had the highest percentage of CPS and ADL but the 3rd-grade ones had the highest score of pain and depression out of the 3 groups. The standardized assessment instrument to identify specific health needs by the 3 groups should be developed. Therefore, care plans to meet health needs of the 3 groups will be made. Conclusion: It is suggested that nursing care is required to the elderly of the 1st- and 2nd-grade and safe activity and environment to the 3rd-graded ones.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify minimum data sets for oral mucous integrity-related documentation and to analyze nursing records for oral care. Methods: To identify minimum data sets for oral status, the authors reviewed 26 assessment tools and a practical guideline for oral care. The content validity of the minimum data sets was assessed by three nurse specialists. To map the minimum data sets to nursing records, the authors examined 107 nursing records derived from 44 patients who received chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in one tertiary hospital. Results: The minimum data sets were 10 elements such as location, mucositis grade, pain, hygiene, dysphagia, exudate, inflammation, difficulty speaking, and moisture. Inflammation contained two value sets: type and color. Mucositis grade, pain, dysphagia and inflammation were recorded well, accounting for a complete mapping rate of 100%. Hygiene (100%) was incompletely mapped, and there were no records for exudate (83.2%), difficulty speaking (99.1%), or moisture (88.8%). Conclusion: This study found that nursing records on oral mucous integrity were not sufficient and could be improved by adopting minimum data sets as identified in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.114-119
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• 1996

Buerger's disease is a nonatherosclerogic occlusive inflammatory disease of medium and small arteries, and veins, of unknown cause. It occurs predominantly in young males who are habitual tabacco users. These patients often complain of painful ulcerations of their digits. The care of this disease is very difficult when the treatment is delayed. Consequently, early treatments are most important to patients with Buerger's disease. This disease can be treated with sympathetic block such as stellate ganglion block for upper extremities and lumbar epidural block, and lumbar sympathetic block for lower extremities. Intravascular regional sympathetic block can be another method of treatment. However, discontinuation of smoking is the most basic and essential treatment for Buerger's disease. We treated 43 Buerger's disease patients with stellate ganglion block and laser therapy. The treatment was not effective for three patients who definitely required amputation.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.671-685
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• 2012

Objective: This study aims to investigate subjects in recuperation to identify the following factors with regard to work-related musculoskeletal diseases: diagnosis in the context of occupational and environmental medicine; assessment systems for judging work-relatedness; recuperation management; workplace management; prevention programs; and care after returning to work. This study intends to analyze differences between subjects and determine what characteristics of subjects account for the differences. Method: A survey was administered to 1,664 workers who were approved by the Korea Worker's Compensation & Welfare Service between 2003 and 2005 for recuperation due to work-related musculoskeletal diseases. The data of 229 subjects who responded the survey questionnaire related to recuperation were analysed. Results: According to the results, demographic, occupational, and musculoskeletal disease-related factors were significant. The demographic factors included gender, age, marital status, and region, while occupational factors included working period, work type, size of workplace, and industry type. The factors related to musculoskeletal diseases were the part of the body in pain, the tissues in pain, and the existence of dysfunction. The above factors were associated with statistically significant differences in the following areas: revealed symptom period, symptoms-diagnosis period, and application for recuperation approval periods; diagnosis and care institutes for recuperarion; the state of patients (body parts in pain, tissues in pain, and existence of dysfunction); return to work; and care after returning to work. Conclusion: The results of this study can serve as basic data in setting priorities for prevention programs for work-related musculoskeletal diseases and selecting target groups.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN) for the treatment of cancerous upper abdominal pain in a tertiary university hospital in Korea. Methods: At the tertiary university hospital in Korea, electronic medical records of cancer patients who underwent CPN and died in the hospital from November 2009 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The total number of subjects was 51. The 17 patients were from the Department of Gastroenterology (33.0%), followed by 11 patients from the Department of Hemato-oncology (21.6%), 11 patients from the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (21.6%), 9 patients from the Department of General Surgery (17.6%). The diagnosis was pancreatic cancer in 15 patients (29.4%), stomach cancer in 8 patients (15.7%), hepatobiliary cancer in 20 patients (39.2%), colon cancer in 1 patient (2.0%), esophageal cancer in 2 patient (3.9%) and intra-abdominal metastasis in 5 patients (9.8%). The mean survival time after the surgery was 66.4±55.0 days. The pain intensity before and 1 week after the procedure significantly decreased, but the amounts of opioids consumed before and 1 week after the procedure were not statistically significant. Side effects occurred after the procedure including temporary localized pain in 24 patients (47.0%), hypotension in 12 (23.5%), and diarrhea in 6 (11.8%). Conclusion: CPN is an effective and safe procedure for reducing upper abdominal pain caused by cancer, and it is necessary to perform CPN within the appropriate time by establishing a system of interdepartmental cooperation.