• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.363-367
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• 1996

Background: Recently postoperative pain control with continuous epidural analgesia has been increased. This study aimes to evaluate backpain following continuous epidural analgesia by pressure threshold meter (algometer). Methods: After informed consent, 50 ASA physical status I or II patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery were selected. After placing epidural catheter, patients received morphine 0.05mg/kg with 0.25% bupivacaine 5 ml followed by continuous infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine 100 ml with morphine 4 mg for 48 hours. backpain was measured by pressure algometer over lumbar paraspinalis at the L4 level, 5 and 7 cm from the midline on preoperative, operation day, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th postoperative days. Results: Postoperative mean pressure thresholds of were higher than preoperative value (p<0.05). Conclusion: The continuous epidural analgesia dose not provide or aggravate postoperative backpain, but it must be evaluated for long term follow-up.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2005

We selected six kinds of stretching exercises that can be easily acquired and put to practical use by back pain patients and arranged the practicing order of the exercising method after measuring the % MlVC of the muscle power when a normal person was exercising with a surface EMG. Among the patients complaining of back pain, 20 case groups were given the selected exercise and physical therapy, and 20 control groups were only given a physical therapy. Before and 2 weeks, 4weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks after the exercise therapy, a muscle power was measured with a fitness machine and the effectiveness of the exercise was compared. After six weeks difference of the muscle power between the case group and control group was shown, and after 8weeks the case group manifested the stronger muscle power than that of the control group in both male and female. Exercising therapy clearly seems to be helpful in strengthening the muscle power of the back pain patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.310-314
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• 2005

Propose : In this study, we evaluated whether powder on surgical gloves is a cause of postpuncture backpain in children. Mothods : In 164 children with meningitis between July and September 1997, we did not remove powder from surgical gloves. However, in 149 children with menigitis between May and October 2001 the powder was removed from the surgical gloves. Results : Out of the 164 patients in 1997, 41 cases(25.00%) were found to have postdural puncture backpain. On the other hand, out of 149 patients in 2001, with whom we used gloves from which the powder was removed, we found only 8 patients(5.36%) with postdural puncture backpain. Conclusion : We conclude that the powder on surgical gloves is one of the main causes of postdural puncture backpain in children.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.247-250
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• 2000

Recently, some authors reported that discogenic low back pain should be regarded as a referred pain in respect of neural pathway. The afferent pathways of discogenic low back pain is transmitted mainly by sympathetic afferent fibres from the sinuvertebral nerves in the second lumbar nerve root. This pain arises from the lumbar intervertebral discs, and it had been transmitted mainly through the sympathetic afferent fibres contained in the second lumbar spinal nerve root. Second lumbar dermatome corresponds to the low back area. We experienced a case of low back pain which could not be controlled by conventional therapy and progressed wax and wane. The CT finding showed bulging disc between $L_4$ and $L_5$ and spinal stenosis in $L_4$ area. And epiduroscopic feature showed severe adhesion in $L_4$, $L_5$ and $S_1$. After we blocked $L_2$ root, pain score decreased 10 to 2. Therefore, the $L_2$ root block may be a useful diagnostic procedure as well as provide therapeutic value.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.157-165
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether unstable surface core exercise is more effective than stable surface core exercise on improving functional movement and balance and reducing pain in sedentary female workers with backpain. Participants were randomly assigned to an unstable surface core exercise(UEG; n=10) or a stable surface core exercise(SEG; n=10) group. They participated in the given exercise for 8 weeks. FMS, Y-Balance and VAS were measured before and after the participation in exercise, which were subjected to a repeated-measures ANOVA. In the case of a significant interaction between time and group, paired sample t-tests were conducted for a post hoc analysis within each subject group. Results indicated that FMS of the UEG had a significant effect on HS (p<.01), ASLR (p<.05) and TS(p<.001), but not for other variables. YBT did not show a significant effect for any variable (AT, PL, PM, TS), although the main effect of time was significant in both subject groups. VAS had a significant effect only in the UEG(p<.001). Our findings indicate that compared to SEG, UEG is more effective for improving functional movement and reducing pain, but not for improving balance, in sedentary female workers with backpain.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1999

Background: Contraction of anal sphincter muscle produces severe pain in perianal surgery postoperatively. Recent reports have indicated that effective and prolonged pain relief can be obtained by the injection of small doses of morphine into the subarachnoid space. We attempted to use this technique for perianal surgery and investigated postoperative pain control and its side effects. Methods: Forty five patients scheduled for hemorrhoidectomy and anal fistulectomy were studied to determine the minimal effective dose of intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia. In order to control the pain, 7 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 0.05 mg (group I), 0.1 mg (group II) and 0.15 mg (group III) of morphine hydrochloride was injected with a 25 gauge spinal needle into the subarachnoid space. We estimated the duration of analgesia until the pain score attained to above 3 in 10 cm VAS (visual analogue scale) and incidence of itching, nausea and vomiting by percentage, headache, backpain and respiratory depression by positive and negative. We also checked the time of self-voiding. Results: The mean time of analgesia was $10.3{\pm}1.54$, $19.7{\pm}2.22$ and $20.3{\pm}2.29$ hours in group I, II and III respectively. Urinary retention of group I, II and III after block persisted for an average of $20.3{\pm}2.31$, $21.2{\pm}2.51$ and $23.3{\pm}3.74$ hours. Nausea and vomiting were observed 33%, 53%, 67% and itching was observed 53%, 67%, 80% in group I, II and III respectively and respiratory depression did not occur in all groups. Conclusions: It is not necessary to use more than 0.1mg of intrathecal morphine in perianal surgery because analgesia is not prolonged and side effects are increased.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.162-175
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• 1999

The study was intended to investigate and explore the preimenstrual symptoms, their severity levels, their patterns and the relationships of the age to those symptoms and patterns among Korean women. The data were collected from 844 women in one highschool, one Nursing college and one Korea National Open University in Seoul, from Nov, 1997 to Jun. 1998. The instruments were the Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire developed by Chesney and the Center for Epidemiologic studies Depression scale developed by Radloff. the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple comparison test, $X^2$-test, simple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis using pc-SAS program. The results were as follows ; 1. Korean women had more symptoms of abdominal bloating, fatigue, abdominal discomfort and backache in perimenstrual period. There Teenages had more symptoms of depression and uterine cramps in the day before or the first day of menstruation. Women in their twenties had more symptoms of abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort, backache, abdominal bloating and the sensitiveness /discomforts in the lower back, abdomen and inner part of thighs. women in their thirties had more symptoms of abdominal bloating, fatigue, tension and nervousness before the menstruation, abdominal discomfort and backpain in the first day of menstruation. Women in their forties had more symptoms of backache, breast discomforts, abdominal pain and discomforts. 2. The severity levels of the perimenstrual symptoms showed the highest score(mean=2.73) in twenties and the lowest score)mean=1.96) in forties The perimenstrual symptom patterns were prevailed the spasmodic menstrual symptoms in teenage and twenties and the congestive menstrual symptoms in thirties and forties. The age was a determinant of perimenstrual symptom patterns and the precipitative equation was log[p(age)/(1-p(age)]=2.7356-0.0982 age. 3. The relationship of the age to perimenstrual symptoms was vanished or lessened, controlling for parity as a test factor. this finding supports the notion that parity is an extraneous variable.