• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2007

Genetic polymorphism and molecular authentication were investigated with the commercial medicinal herb, Peony (Paeonia spp.), using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. To identify the polymorphism of the RAPD patterns among plant origins, 20 different random primers were applied to the genomic DNA extracted from Paeonia spp. plants such as Paeonia (P.) lactiflora, P. officinale and P. japonica. Ten primers out of 20 primers could be used to discriminate the plant species in the same genus and 72 out of 81 scored DNA fragments (88.9%) generated with these primers were polymorphic. Especially, four primers, such as OPA1, OPA3, OP9, and OPA13, were useful to discriminate the plant origins among the species of Peony. In the results of cluster analysis using RAPD data obtained from the 10 primers, Peony (Paeonia spp.) plants used in this study were grouped into the two distinctive clusters, genetically. Herb medicine, especially P. lactiflora, were easily identified, when species-specific primers were applied to the investigation for discriminating herb medicine currently traded in domestic herb market, Kyungdongmart. Consequently, RAPD analysis was useful method to discriminate plant origins and the commercial medicinal herbs, Paeonia spp..

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 1993

Series of studies were conducted to establish biological and chemical control method for Meloidogyne spp to medical herbs by applied of nematophagous fungi, Arthrobotrys spp, Fusarium spp, and egg parastic fungi, Paecilomyces lilacinus were applied for root-knot nematodes on medicinal herbs, Paeonia albiflora, Codonopsis lanceolata, Cnidium officinale. The results are as follow. In pot experiments, The no. of root gall and egg mass and larvae of Cnidium officinale. The results are as follow. In pot experiments. The no. of root gall and egg mass and larvae of Cnidium officinale, Codonopsis lanceolata, Paeonia japonica lowered in P. Lilacinus treated plots compare to untreated control plots. But A. thaumasia F. oxysporum treated plots were less effective. Effect of egg parasitic fungi and chemical treatment at divided root of Paeonia japonica after sterilized in pot were increased in the fresh weight, root weight, control effect in P. lilacinus treated plots as chemical, Carbo G treated plots compare to untreted control plots. I field experiment, the number of root gall, egg mass and nematode density of Paeonia were also suppressed in P. lilacinus treated plots. It was very effective continuous 2 years and transplanting time on Paeonia japonica infested soil with the M. hapla in field in both region, Chillgok and Euisung treated P. lilacinus as chemical treated plots. Soaking effect of insecticide for Paeonia japonica at diving shoot before transplating in pot were effective for 12hours immersion into 1,000 ppm of Benlate T + Mep Ec, Benlate T + Fenthion EC in pot and field Experiment. In the Examination of fungi activily on P.japonica field 1 year after soil treatment, Number of spore of P. lilacinus were 1,000~1,300 in 3 region except Euisung.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.210-219
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• 2014

Sayuksan has been widely applied to treat a variety of diseases such as acute hepatitis, gastritis, and colitis. Sayuksan consists of medicinal herbs such as Glycrrhizae uralensis Fischer, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, Bupleurum falcatum Linne, and Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesqul. Methanol extracts (1 mg/mL) from the four kinds of medicinal herbs did not show antibiotic activities against general test strains and multi-drug resistant strains. The antibacterial activity of fermented medicinal herbs extracts with Lactobacillus spp. strain was confirmed as Gram-positive bacteria which are higher than Gram-negative bacteria. Extracts of Glycrrhizae uralensis Fischer fermented with Lb. casei KCTC 3109 displayed inhibitory diameters of 16 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa P01828. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of the medicinal herb extracts was not determined, but the extract of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas fermented with six strains of Lactobacillus spp. had the highest antioxidant activity. SOD-like activity of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas extracts fermented by Lb. brevis KCTC 3498 was $41.4{\pm}0.8%$, which was the highest antioxidant activity among the fermented extracts with the other medicinal herbs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2006

This study was conducted to find to change of component by different species, plant parts and growth stage of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas Among the species of peony, the contents of compounds was higher in cultivated peony (P. lactiflora P.) as compared with wild peony (P. japonica M., P. obobata M., P. anomala L.). Amount of methyl gallate was highest in 0.45% at Euisung jakyak. Amount of compounds in peony was the highest in 1.0% at paeoniflorin, followed by methyl gallate, astragalin and kaempferol in order. Contents of compounds with different growth stage were observed highest in April, and showed decreased trend in the later growth stage. Methyl gallate was present in 1.79% at petal, 0.56% at leaf and 0.01% at root, astragalin present at 0.27% at petal, 0.20% at leaf and 0.03% at root, and paeoniflorin present at 0.43% at petal, 1.09% at leaf and 2.52% at root.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 1996

The major morphological characteristics of 97 lines selected from 1,510 local collection lines of Paeonia spp. were studied and classified into some groups according to their Q correlation. The Coefficient of Variation of 8 characteristics in 97 lines varied greatly with the range from 21.3% to 127.1%. The 22 lines with useful morphological characteristics selected from 97 lines had 2n=10 chromosomes, in which there were no difference among the number of chromosomes of 22 lines. The 97 lines were classified into 14 groups based upon the results of Q correlation analysis obtained from data with 16 quantitative factors; Group III and group VI were divided into two sub-groups. Group I was large flowered lines with a single flower, Group IIIa, doubled flowered lines, Group VII, late maturing lines and Group IX, early maturing lines flowering in 17th May. Group VIII were dwarf type lines which has the shortest stem length and leaf length among 14 groups, which are suitable for potted plants. Group XIII had a lot of stems per plant and a large type leaf with leaf length and width. A needle-type leaf was found in Group X, whereas a wide and oval-type leaf in group XII.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.322-327
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• 2013

The genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of eleven herbaceous peonies grown in Korea were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Twenty-four decamer RAPD primers were used in a comparative analysis of these Korean peony species. Of the 142 total RAPD fragments amplified, 124 (87.3%) were found to be polymorphic. The remaining 18 fragments were found to be monomorphic (12.7%) shared by individuals of all 11 peony species. Cluster analysis based on the presence or absence of bands was performed by Jaccard's similarity coefficient, based on Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages. Genetic similarity range was 0.39 to 0.90 with a mean of 0.64. This study offered a rapid and reliable method for the estimation of variability among different peony species which could be utilized by the breeders for further improvement of the local peony species. Also, the results propose that the RAPD marker technique is a useful tool for evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship amongst different peony species.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

Mt. Dae-Am is the branch-range of DMZ located on the $38^{\circ}7'$ N KangWon-Do in South Korea. The resources of important Herbal medicine (medicinal plants) were Phacellanthus tubiflorus (fam.: Orobanchaceae), Ostericum maximowiczii, Dendranthemum zawadskii Herbich f. latifolium, D. zawadskii subsp. acutilobum, D. var. campanulatum, Halenia corniculata (fam.: gentianaceae), Prunus mandshurica var. glabra, Acanthopanax divaricatus f. inermis. A. chiisanense, A. sessiliflorum, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Bupleurum longeradiatum, Heracleum moellendorffii sub-spp. subbipinnatum, Sanicula rubriflora, Spuriopimpinella bracycarpa f. latifolia, Angelico gigas, Artemisia montana, A. stelleriana, Paeonia japonica, Phellodendron amurense, Schizandra chinensis, Menyanthes trifoliata, and Gentiana axillariflora var. coreana, etc.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2017

Bacteria are among the most common causes of severe diseases in both plants and animals. Salmonella spp. has deleterious effects and is the cause of various transmittable diseases. Because of strains resistivity, side effects and high prices of synthetic antibiotics, it has become essential to explore safe and economical natural sources of antibiotics. In this study, growth inhibitory effects of natural antibiotics present in crude extracts of Galla rhois, Thujae semen, Paeonia japonica, and Armeniacae semen were investigated both in vivo and iv vitro. Ethanol extracts of the above-mentioned plants were prepared and tested against seven serovars of Salmonella and Escherichia coli by disc diffusion method. In addition, the antibacterial effects of the plant extracts were determined in vivo using ducks as model animals. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed using blood and fecal samples of control, infected, and treated groups of the ducks to determine the gene expression levels of the bacteria. Our results confirmed that the Galla rhois ethanol extract had the highest antibacterial activity among the plant extracts when they were used individually. However, the Galla rhois, Thujae semen, and P. japonica ethanol extracts showed stronger antibacterial effects against all the bacterial species used when the extracts were combined at a ratio of 3:3:2, respectively.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.146-164
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• 2024

Owing to the residual toxicity and adverse health effects of chemical preservatives, there is an increasing demand for using natural preservatives in food. Although many natural extracts have been evaluated, research on their antibacterial effects remains insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the possibility of developing Psidium guajava, Ecklonia cava, and Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda extracts as natural food preservatives. Further, the effect of mixing these extracts on microbial growth and quality was evaluated during the refrigeration of sausages. Optimal mixing ratios were determined based on the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of each mixed extract against the Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. D-optimal mixing design optimization tool was further used to obtain an optimum mixing ratio of Formulation 1 (F1). The antibacterial activity of F1 increased with increasing concentration, with similar activities at 0.5% and 1%. The sausages with synthetic or natural preservatives showed significantly lower lipid oxidation than those of the control and grapefruit extract-treated sausages after 4 wk of refrigeration. Total plate counts were observed only in the control and treatment groups stored for 3 wk, and no significant effect of ascorbic acid was observed. Compared to the other samples, sausages with added natural extracts showed the highest overall acceptability scores initially and after 4 wk. Therefore, similar amounts of grapefruit seed and natural extracts had the same effect on microbiological analysis and lipid rancidity during sausage storage. Hence, this mixture can serve as a potential natural preservative in meat products.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.134-147
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is, focusing on the ancient paintings and literatures, by examining Flowering Plants and drawing their cultivating methods, to provide a ground of utilizing them on the modern landscaping. In the scope and method of this study, 766 pieces of ancient paintings(6 garden paintings and 760 folk paintings) which were available and had value as literatures, and 8 of ancient literatures were intensively examined. Main results extracted from them are as follows. First, the most frequently used Flowering Plants in Joseon Dynasty were Prunus mume, pbyllostachys, Nelumbo nucifera, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Musa basjoo, Rosa spp., Rhododendron mucronulatum, Paeonia lactiflora, which appeared 11 times to 16 times in total. Next frequently(4 times to 8 times) used Flowering Plants were Gardenia jasminoides, Punica granatum(8 times), Dianthus chinensis, Vitis vinifera(7 times), Orchidaceae, Syringa velutina, Impatiens balsamina, Hemerocallis fulva, Celosia cristata, Hibiscus Syriacus, Rhododendron indicum(6 times), Rhododendron, Rhododendron obutusum, Acorus calamus, Althaea rosea, Kerria japonica, Citrus junos(5 times), Hibiscus mutabilis, Lychnis cognata, Calendula officnalis, Begonia rex., Helianthus annuus, Papaver spp., Narcissus tazetta, Daphne odora, Hosta plantaginea(4 times). Second, usage of the Flowering Plants in Joseon Dynasty can be divided into character building and horticulture for pleasure through positive, scientific approach attempt. It suggests that there might have been classes in the use of them and we can estimate which plants were particularly preferred. Third, in the symbolicity of the usage of Flowering Plants, it can be divided into three parts: The case of representing integrity, gentleman, honesty and nobility and the thought of loyalty and filial piety under the influence of Confucianism. The case of representing Taoism's thought of hermit and perennial youth and long life. The case of representing wish on wealth and prosperity. So if we make a good use of it, we may draw a meaning of cultivation of Flowering Plants from it. This is your target audience or the good luck to all he plants is aimed at, you can see the occurred. Fourth, the Joseon Dynasty was the use of flowering plants are the line of rain wanted to be more consistent with the spirit world. This is shown as a symbol of their ancestors. Joseon Dynasty was used, resulting in a kind of flowering plant and is not a subjective judgement criteria A psychological approach to the side when interpreting the Joseon Dynasty flowering plants to take advantage of the landscape of the area will widen in scope.