• 제목/요약/키워드: PU

검색결과 1,608건 처리시간 0.027초

Power Allocation Schemes For Downlink Cognitive Radio Networks With Opportunistic Sub-channel Access

  • Xu, Ding;Feng, Zhiyong;Zhang, Ping
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제6권7호
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    • pp.1777-1791
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    • 2012
  • This paper considers a downlink cognitive radio (CR) network where one secondary user (SU) and one primary user (PU) share the same base station (BS). The spectrum of interest is divided into a set of independent, orthogonal subchannels. The communication of the PU is of high priority and the quality of service (QoS) is guaranteed by the minimum rate constraint. On the other hand, the communication of the SU is of low priority and the SU opportunistically accesses the subchannels that were previously discarded by the PU during power allocation. The BS assigns fractions ?? and 1 ?? of the total available transmit power to the PU and the SU respectively. Two power allocation schemes with opportunistic subchannel access are proposed, in which the optimal values of ??'s are also obtained. The objective of one scheme is to maximize the rate of the SU, and the objective of the other scheme is to maximize the sum rate of the SU and the PU, both under the PU minimum rate constraint and the total transmit power constraint. Extensive simulation results are obtained to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

유기화 점토를 이용한 폴리우레탄 나노 복합재료 (Polyurethane Nanocomposites with Organoclay)

  • 안영욱;장진해;박연흠;박종민
    • 폴리머
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.381-388
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    • 2002
  • 폴리우레탄을 이용한 나노 복합재료의 열적 기계적 성질, 모폴로지, 그리고 기체 투과 정도를 유기화 점토의 함량에 따라 조사 후 비교하였다. 유기화 점토는 헥사데실아민-몬모릴로나이트($C_{16}$-MMT)를 사용하였으며, 매트릭스 고분자인 폴리우레탄에 대해 1-4 wt%로 각각 분산시키면서 물성을 조사하였다. 유기화 점토가 일정한 wt%에서 일부는 뭉쳤지만 대부분은 매트릭스 고분자에 고루 분산됨을 전자현미경으로부터 알 수 있었고, 열적 성질 및 기계적 성질은 분산도에 따라 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 기체 투과도는 유기화 점토 양의 증가에 따라 현저히 감소함을 보여주었다. 본 연구로부터, 소량의 유기화 점토 (<5 wt%)를 분산시킨 나노 복합재료는 순수한 폴리우레탄 보다 열적, 기계적 성질 및 기체 투과 방지에 좋은 효과가 있음을 알았다.

Analyses and improvement of fuel temperature coefficient of rock-like oxide fuel in LWRs from neutronic aspect

  • Shelley, Afroza
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제52권6호
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    • pp.1156-1163
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    • 2020
  • Fuel temperature coefficient (FTC) of PuO2+ZrO2 (ROX) fueled LWR cell is analyzed neutronically with reactor- and weapons-grade plutonium fuels in comparison with a U-free PuO2+ThO2 (TOX), and a conventional MOX fuel cells. The FTC value of a ROX fueled LWR is smaller compared to a TOX or a MOX fueled LWRs and becomes extremely positive especially, at EOL. This is because when fuel temperature is increased, thermal neutron spectrum is shifted to harder, which is extreme at EOL in ROX fuel than that in TOX and MOX fuels. Consequently at EOL, 239Pu and 241Pu contributes to positive fuel temperature reactivity (FTR) in ROX fuel, while they have negative contribution in TOX and MOX fuels. The FTC problem of ROX fuel is mitigated by additive ThO2, UO2 or Er2O3. In ROX-additive fuel, the atomic density of fissile Pu becomes more than additive free ROX fuel especially at EOL, which is the main cause to improve the FTC problem. The density of fissile Pu is more effective to decrease the thermal spectrum shifts with increase the fuel temperature than additive ThO2, UO2 or Er2O3 in ROX fuel.

Correlations between Zirconium Isotopes and Burnup Parameters in PWR Spent Nuclear Fuels

  • Kim, Jung-Suk;Chun, Young-Shin;Lee, Chang heon;Kim, Won-Ho;Eom, Tae-Yun
    • 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국원자력학회 1998년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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    • pp.551-556
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    • 1998
  • The correlation of isotope composition of Zr with the turnup and some heavy isotopes in PWR uranium dioxide fuel has been investigated. The total and partial ($^{235}$ U) burnup were determined by $^{148Nd}$ and by U and Pu mass spectrometric method, respectively. After separating Zr from the fuel samples, its isotope composition was measured by mass spectrometry. In addition, the quantities of the U and Pu in the spent fuel were determined by isotope di lution mass spectrometric method using $^{233}$ U and $^{242}$ Pu as spikes. The content of some heavy isotopes, $^{235}$ U, $^{239}$ Pu and $^{241}$ Pu, and the Pu Contribution to total turnup were expressed by the correlation with Zr isotope ratios, $^{91}$ Zr/$^{96}$ Zr and $^{93}$ Zr/$^{96}$ Zr The correlations by isotope compositions measured were compared wi th those calculated from ORIGEN2 code.

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One-step형 친수무공형 폴리우레탄 수지 합성과 코팅 처리한 의류용 직물의 물성 (The Synthesis of One-step Type Hydrophilic Non-porous Polyurethane Resin and the Physical Property of its Coated Fabric for the Garment)

  • 양성용;김현아;김승진
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.131-139
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    • 2011
  • This study surveyed on the synthesis of one-step type hydrophilic non-porous PU resin and the physical property of the coated fabric for the garment. Three kinds of chain extender such as MEG, 1,4-BD and NPG were used for the preparation of one-step type hydrophilic non-porous PU resin in order to examine the effect of chain extender on the physical properties of PU-coated fabric. And the effects of isocyanate on the physical properties of PU coated fabric were surveyed by mixing with various TDI and MDI ratios. In addition, the physical properties of the coated fabric treated with one-step type hydrophilic non-porous PU resin were examined according to the pre-treatment conditions such as cire finishing. Finally, the washing durability of the coated fabrics was assessed. The coated fabrics treated with PU resin synthesized with PEG1000, MEG and TDI/MDI (6/4) showed the best physical properties. Considering the pre-treatment conditions, best performance of hydraulic pressure, water vapor permeability, and water repellency were obtained with top roller rotation ratio of 150% under 50 ton pressure at $170^{\circ}C$.

반복압축이 스포츠화용 발포체의 피로특성에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Repetitive Compression on the Fatigue Properties of Foam for Footwear Mid-sole)

  • 박차철
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.242-248
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    • 2005
  • 스포츠화 중창용으로 사용되는 세가지 종류의 발포체인 PU, IP 및 PH의 경도가 피로특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 세 가지 종류의 발포체를 50 rpm으로 50,000번 반복 압축하였으며, 발포체의 셀은 반복압축에 따라 형태가 변형되었다. 셀 변형의 정도는 IP의 경우가 PH나 PU 보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 반복압축에 의해 발포체에서 영구변형이 나타났으며, IP가 PH나 PU 보다 크게 나타났다. 반복압축에 따라 세 가지 종류의 발포체의 최대압축력은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, IP의 경우 가장 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 세 가지 종류의 발포체는 경도가 증가함에 따라 최대압축력의 저하가 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다.

Photoprotection effect of Pu'er tea and Curcuma longa L. extracts against UV and blue lights

  • Doyeong Son;Ji-Su Jun;KwangWon Hong
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제66권
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    • pp.106-113
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    • 2023
  • Plant extracts have been studied due to their potential as photoprotective agents against UV and blue light exposure. Previous studies have revealed that several plant extracts have photoprotection capacities and synergistic effects with synthetic products. However, such results for pu'er tea and Curcuma longa L. have not been reported yet for a cosmetic formulation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate photoprotection capacities of pu'er tea and C. longa L. extracts for a sunscreen compound. The pu'er tea extract improved sun protection factor value of 2-ethyl-hexyl methoxycinnamate (a synthetic sunscreen compound) by 46% and showed a high antioxidant capability that could help skin recover from photo-induced damage. C. longa L. extract also showed a potential to protect skin from blue light-induced damage because it not only had a maximum absorption peak at the blue light range, but also protected human fibroblasts from blue light-induced damage. The addition of both extracts shifted the critical wavelength of 2-ethyl-hexyl methoxycinnamate from 350 nm to 386 nm, giving it a broad-spectrum feature. Thus, pu'er tea and C. longa L. extracts may enhance the photoprotection ability of synthetic sunscreen products.

금속코팅용 광경화 코팅필름의 물성에 대한 아크릴산(Acrylic acid)의 영향 (Effect of Acrylic Acid on the Physical Properties of UV-cured Coating Films for Metal Coating)

  • 서종철;최준석;장의성;서광원;한학수
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제49권1호
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구에서는 스테인레스 스틸(stainless steel)의 표면 코팅용 광경화 필름 개발을 위하여 isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone triol(PCLT), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA), 그리고, 희석제로서 trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA)와 acrylic acid(AA)의 첨가비율을 달리한 광경화형 poly(urethane acrylate-co-acrylic acid)(PU-co-AA) 필름을 성공적으로 제조하였으며, 제조한 PU-co-AA 필름의 모폴로지, 접착특성, 기계적 특성, 전기적 특성 등에 대한 AA 첨가량의 영향을 조사하였다. 모든 PU-co-AA 필름은 비정형 구조를 나타내었으나, AA의 함량이 증가할수록 분자 규칙 및 패킹밀도는 감소하였다. 접착특성은 AA 함량 50% 이상에서는 접착력 5B 수준으로 스테인레스 스틸에 대한 우수한 접착특성을 나타내었으며, AA 함유량이 0%에서 66%까지 증가함에 따라 Pull-off strength법 접착력은 6~31 $kg_f/cm^2$ 로 선형적으로 증가하였다. 광경화 폴리우레탄 아크릴레이트의 접착력을 증가시키기 위한 유연한 사슬구조와 2관능기를 가진 AA의 도입은 다관능기의 TMPTA의 높은 가교밀도를 줄임으로써 효과적인 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, AA 함량이 증가함에 따라 접촉각의 감소와 젖음성의 향상을 확인하였다. 한편, 유연한 사슬 및 곁사슬 -COOH를 가진 AA의 도입은 규칙성 및 패킹밀도의 감소를 나타내며, 이는 PU-co-AA 필름의 경도 저하를 나타내며, 또한 AA의 분자 내의 작용기 -COOH는 고분자 필름 내의 분극현상을 증가시킴으로써 유전상수의 증가 경향을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 PU-co-AA 필름의 물리적 특성은 첨가한 AA의 함량에 크게 의존함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 광경화 폴리우레탄 아크릴레이트에 아크릴산 AA의 도입은 사슬의 유연성 증가와 가교밀도의 감소 영향으로 스테인레스 스틸과의 접착력을 향상시키는데 매우 효과적인 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다.

CU 깊이 우선 결정 기반의 HEVC 고속 부호화 방법 (Fast HEVC Encoding based on CU-Depth First Decision)

  • 유성은;안용조;심동규
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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    • 제49권3호
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    • pp.40-50
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문은 HEVC 인코딩 속도 향상을 위한 고속 CU (Coding Unit) 결정 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 계산 복잡도 감소와 속도향상을 위하여 CU, PU (Prediction Unit), 그리고 TU (Transform Unit) 의 결정을 두 단계로 나누어 실시한다. 첫번째 단계에서는 LCU (Largest Coding Unit)내 각 CU의 깊이를 결정하며, 이때 $2N{\times}2N$ PU의 선택 비율이 높다는 통계적 특성을 고려하여 $2N{\times}2N$ PU만을 사용한다. 두 번째 단계에서는 첫 번째 단계에서 결정된 CU의 깊이 정보를 이용하여, 해당 깊이에서 정확한 PU와 TU를 결정한다. 또한, 두 번째 과정에서는 보다 효율적인 복잡도 감소 효과를 얻기 위하여 제안하는 스킵을 이용한 CU 조기 종료 알고리듬 이용한다. 제안하는 방법은 모든 깊이에서, 모든 종류의 PU와 TU의 결정을 통한 부호화 과정을 거치지 않기 때문에 계산 복잡도 감소 효과를 얻을 수 있으며, 기존의 HEVC 레퍼런스 소프트웨어인 HM3.3 대비 약 2% 정도의 비트율이 증가하면서, 약 50% 의 복잡도 감소 효과를 얻을 수있었다.

Pu-erh Tea Powder Preventive Effects on Cisplatin-Induced Liver Oxidative Damage in Wistar Rats

  • Zheng, Xiao-Nan;Wang, Xiao-Wen;Li, Li-Ya;Xu, Zi-Wei;Huang, Hsin-Yi;Zhao, Jin-Sheng;Zhang, Duo;Yin, Xu;Sheng, Jun;Tang, Jin-Tian
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권17호
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    • pp.7389-7394
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    • 2014
  • Background: Chemotherapy is one of the major means for control of malignancies, with cisplatin (CDDP) as one of the main agents, widely used for the treatment of various malignant solid tumors. However, prevention of hepatotoxicity from cisplatin is one of the urgent issues in cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pu-erh tea on hepatotoxicity through body weight and tissue antioxidant parameters like, liver coefficient, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and light microscopic evaluation by histological findings. Materials and Methods: The rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control (n=10), cisplatin (3 mg/kg p.i., n=10), cisplatin+pu-erh (0.32 g/kg/day i.g., n=10), cisplatin+pu-erh (0.8 g/kg/day i.g., n=10) and cisplatin+pu-erh (1.6 g/kg/day i.g., n=10). Pu-erh tea powder was administrated for 31 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed at the end on the second day after a single dose of cisplatin treatment for measuring indices. Results: Pu-erh tea powder exhibited a protective effect by decreasing MDA and GSH and increasing the SOD and GSH-PX levels and GSH-PX/MDA ratio in camparison with the control group. Besides, pu-erh tea was also able to alleviate the pathological damage to some extent. Conclusion: Pu-erh tea powder is protective against cisplatin-induced liver oxidative damages, especially at the medium dosage (0.8 g/kg/d).