• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권8호
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• pp.1031-1039
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• 2018

If large-scale PV systems are continuously interconnected to distribution system, customer voltages could violate the allowable voltage limit($220{\pm}13V$) according to reverse power flow of PV system. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes flexible adoption evaluation algorithm of PV system in distribution system which estimates proper introduction capacity and location of ESS(energy storage system) for keeping customer voltages within allowable voltage limit based on various operating scenarios related with connecting point and capacity of PV system. And also this paper proposes modeling of ESS, SVR(step voltage regulator) and PV system using PSCAD/EMTDC S/W and analyzes characteristics of customer voltages and the adoption ability of PV system in distribution system. From the simulation results, it is confirmed that proposed algorithm is useful for large-scale adoption of PV system in distribution system to maintain customer voltages within allowable voltage limit.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.114-123
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• 2018

Recently, as one of the countermeasures to reduce carbon dioxide($CO_2$) for global warming problems, operation methods in micro-grid systems replacing diesel generator with renewable energy sources including wind power(WP) and photovoltaic(PV) system have been studied and presented in energetic manners. However, it is reported that some operation problems in micro-grid systems without diesel generator for carbon-free island are being occurred when large scaled WP systems are at start-up. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes an operation strategy in micro-grid systems by adapting control devices such as CVCF(constant voltage constant frequency) ESS(energy storage system) for constant frequency and voltage regulation, load control ESS for balancing demand and supply and SVC(static-var compensator) for reactive power compensation. From the simulation results based on the various operation scenarios, it is confirmed that the proposed operation strategy in micro-grid systems without diesel generators is a useful tool to perform a stable operation in micro-grid systems without diesel generator and also make a contribution to reduce carbon dioxide in micro-grid systems.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1096-1103
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• 2014

This paper proposes a novel strategy for attenuating the output power fluctuation of the wind farm (WF) in a range of tens of seconds delivered to the grid, where the kinetic energy caused by the large inertia of the wind turbine systems is utilized. A control scheme of the two-level structure is applied to control the wind farm, which consists of a supervisory control of the wind farm and individual wind turbine controls. The supervisory control generates the output power reference of the wind farm, which is filtered out from the available power extracted from the wind by a low-pass filter (LPF). A lead-lag compensator is used for compensating for the phase delay of the output power reference compared with the available power. By this control strategy, when the reference power is lower than the maximum available power, some of individual wind turbines are operated in the storing mode of the kinetic energy by increasing the turbine speeds. Then, these individual wind turbines release the kinetic power by reducing the turbine speed, when the power command is higher than the available power. In addition, the pitch angle control systems of the wind turbines are also employed to limit the turbine speed not higher than the limitation value during the storing mode of kinetic energy. For coordinating the de-rated operation of the WT and the storing or releasing modes of the kinetic energy, the output power fluctuations are reduced by about 20%. The PSCAD/EMTDC simulations have been carried out for a 10-MW wind farm equipped with the permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to verify the validity of the proposed method.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2016

This paper proposed a new control method which is capable of controlling circulating current considering current capacity of switching device. In the unbalanced voltage conditions, active power and reactive power have double line frequency. Thus, in order to provide active power without ripple, it is necessary to inject the negative sequence current components. However, when the negative current components is injected, it increases the total current flowing in the Arm, and in the Sub-module(SM) the current more than rated is impressed, which leads to destroy the system. Also, in impressing the circulating current reference of each arm, conventional control method impressed applicable $i_{dck}/3$ in the case of balanced voltage conditions. In the case of unbalanced conditions, as arm circulating current of three phase show difference due to the power impressed to each arm, reference of each arm is not identical. In this study, in the case of unbalanced voltage, within permitted current, the control method to decrease the ripple of active power is proposed, through circulating current control and current limitations. This control method has the advantage that calculates the maximum active power possible to generate capacity and impressed the current reference for that much. Also, in impressing circulating current reference, a new control method proposes to impress the reference from calculating active power of each phase. The proposed control method is verified through the simulation results, using the PSCAD/EMTDC.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 새로 개발된 전력품질 보상장치의 성능을 실험실에서 효과적으로 분석하기 위해 필요한 새로운 부하모의장치를 제안하였다. 제안하는 부하모의장치는 2대의 PWM 인버터가 직류 단을 공유한 구조로 선형과 비선형부하를 단일기기로 시험 가능하도록 설계되어 있다. 그리고 전력품질보상기의 하나인 능동전력필터와 연계시험을 수행하였다. 본 논문에서는 제안하는 부하모의장치와 능동전력필터의 연계 특성을 분석할 목적으로 PSCAD/EMTDC 소프트웨어를 이용하여 시뮬레이션 실시하였고 또한 실적용시 타당성을 검증할 목적으로 20kVA 용량의 부하모의장치와 10kVA용량의 능동전력필터를 제작하여 실험을 실시하였다. 시뮬레이션과 하드웨어 실험결과 제안하는 부하모의장치는 능동전력필터의 다양한 보상 능력 검증에 충분히 활용가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2018

This paper proposes a universal system control strategy for voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. The framework of the designed control strategy consists of five layer structures considering the topology and control characteristics of the VSC-HVDC system. The control commands sent from the topmost layer can be transmitted to the next layer based on the existing communication system. When the commands are sent to each substation, the following transmission of commands between the four lower layers are realized using the internal communication system while ignoring the communication delay. This hierarchical control strategy can be easily applied to any VSC-HVDC system with any topology. Furthermore, an integrated controller for each converter is designed and implemented considering all of the possible operating states. The modular-designed integrated controller makes it quite easy to extend its operating states if necessary, and it is available for any kind of VSC. A detailed model of a VSC-HVDC system containing a DC hub is built in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment. Simulation results based on three operating conditions (the start-up process, the voltage margin control method and the master-slave control method) demonstrate the flexibility and validity of the proposed control strategy.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권11호
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• pp.1543-1550
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• 2015

Ferroresonance is a non-linear vibrational phenomenon that is generated by the electrical interaction of the inductance component with the capacitor component of a certain capacitance as the device of the inductance component such as a transformer is saturated due to the degradation, the waveform distortion of current and voltage, and the oscillation of overcurrent and overvoltage in a system. Recently, ferroresonance was generated from the waveform distortion of current and voltage, or the overvoltage or undervoltage phenomenon caused by the nature of an electrical power system and design technology of the transformer in the three phase transformer system. Hence, in general, ferroresonance analyzed by converting to the LC equivalent circuit. However, in general, the aforementioned analytical method only applies to the resonance phenomenon that is generated by the interaction of the capacitance of bussbar and grounding, and switching as the capacitor component with PT and the transformer as the inductance component in a system. Subsequently, the condition where ferroresonance was generated since overvoltage was supplied as line voltage to the phase voltage and thus the iron core is saturated due to the interconnection between grounded and ungrounded systems could not be analyzed when single phase PT was connected in a ${\Delta}$/Y connection system. In this study, voltage swell in the configuration of grounded circuit of a step-up transformer with the ${\Delta}-{\Delta}$ connection linked to PT for control power and the ferroresonance generated by overvoltage when the line voltage of the ${\Delta}-{\Delta}$ connection was connected to the phase voltage of the grounded Y-Y connection were analyzed using PSCAD / EMTDC through the failure case of the transformer caused by ferroresonance in the system with the ${\Delta}-{\Delta}$/Y-Y connection, and subsequently, the preventive measure of ferroresonance was proposed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권11호
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• pp.2149-2154
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• 2009

Electric power quality in power transmission/distribution systems has considerably been deteriorated with the increase in the capacity of distributed generators (DGs). It is because inverters, connecting DGs to conventional power grids, tend to generate harmonic current and voltage. For harmonic mitigation, a large amount of research has been done on passive and active filters, which have been operating successfully in many countries. This paper, therefore, presents how to adopt the filters to an inverter-based DG, with considering a system consisting of both inverter-based DG and harmonic filters. In particular, this paper describes the simulation results using the PSCAD/EMTDC: firstly, the relationship between total harmonic distortion(THD) of current and output power of DG: secondly, the harmonic mitigation ability of passive and active filters. The system, furthermore, is obliged to satisfy the regulations made by Korean Electric Power Corporation(KEPCO). In the regulations, power factor should be maintained between 0.9 and 1 in a grid-connected mode. Thus, this paper suggests two methods for the system to control its power factor. First, the inverter of DG should control power factor rather than an active filter because it brings dramatic decrease in the capacity of the active filter. Second, DG should absorb reactive power only in the range of low output power in order to prevent useless capacity increase of the inverter. This method is expected to result in the variable power factor of the system according to its output power.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

This paper presents the determination method of the hybrid energy storage capacity for compensating the output of wind power when disconnecting from the grid. In the wind power output compensation, a lot of charging and discharging time with lithium-ion battery will be deteriorated the life time. And also, this fluctuation will cause some problems of the power quality and power system stability. To solve these kind of problems, many researchers in the world have been studied with BESS(Battery Energy Storage System) in the wind farm. But, BESS has the limitation of its output during very short term period, this means that it is difficult to compensate the very short term output of wind farm. Using the EDLC (Electric Double Layer Capacitor), it is possible to solve the problem. Installing the battery system in the wind farm, it will be possible to decrease the total capacity of BESS consisting of HESS (Hybrid Energy Storage System). This paper shows simulation results when not only BESS is connected to wind farm but also to HESS. To verify the proposed system, results of computer simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC program with actual output data of wind farms of Jeju Island will be presented.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.599-609
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• 2021

국내 접지방식은 2021년부터 IEC 60364에서 제시하는 접지방식을 새롭게 채택하고 있다. 이 접지방식은 인체접촉사고 발생 시, 접촉전압과 통과전류에 대한 특성이 다양하게 나타날 수 있어, 인체에 대한 안전성 평가가 구체적으로 요구되고 있다. 또한, 한국전기안전공사나 대한전기협회에서 IEC 60364의 접지방식에 대한 안전기술 교육을 부분적으로 수행하고 있지만, 안전성을 평가할 수 있는 시험장치가 미흡하여, 전기안전관리자에 대한 교육이 어려운 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 IEC 60364의 접지방식별 안전성 평가를 수행할 수 있는 시험장치를 모델링하고, 이를 바탕으로 시험장치를 구현한다. 즉, 전력계통 상용해석 프로그램인 PSCAD/EMTDC를 이용하여, 계통 전원부, 접지방식별 시험장치부, 보조장치부로 구성된 안전성 평가 시험장치의 모델링을 제시하고, 계통전원부, TT접지방식 시험장치부, TN-S접지방식 시험장치부, 모니터링부로 구성된 안전성 평가 시험장치를 구현한다. 상기의 모델링과 시험장치를 이용하여, TT접지방식과 TN-S접지방식의 인체 안전성 특성을 분석한 결과, TT접지방식의 경우 고장점 임피던스가 0[Ω], 10[Ω], 100[Ω]에서 인체 통과전류는 각각 104[mA], 87.4[mA], 35.5[mA]가 산정되었고, TN-S접지방식의 경우 54.9[mA], 4.1[mA], 0.4[mA]가 산정됨에 따라, TN-S접지방식이 TT접지방식에 비하여 감전에 대한 보호가 우수함을 알 수 있고, 저압수용가에서 사용 중인 TT 접지방식에서 TN-S 접지방식으로 전환하면 감전에 대한 보호성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.