• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.101-115
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of packing regulations as a technical standard barrier on export trade. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed cases related to packing in major countries such as US, EU and so on. It is also show the example of export volume changed based on PRTS. Findings - First, the role of packaging and the reason why countries issued relevant packaging provisions were introduced. Then, the impacts of PRTS on export trade were expounded. And next, we focused on investigating some PRTS related cases in export trade and gave an example of export volume changed based on PRTS. Finally, we produced implications for business leaders to aware of the importance of PRTS in export. Research implications or Originality - This study provide PRTS information to traders. Trade pratitioners can respond to PRTS related regulations, actively develop PRTS technology, and take relavant to deal with PRTS barriers to eliminate or weaken the adverse effects of PRTS on export trade.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.91-94
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• 1997

In this paper, pseudo-random ternary sequence (PRTS) was used to investigate the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. The actual input or this study was the changes in inhaled oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. It is hard to randomly change the concentration within a given breath. Since PRTS has almost the same statistical properties as Gaussian white noise, plus it is physically realizable, PRTS is used for this study. Using PRTS and Volterra kernels by Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure, the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were analyzed.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.253-263
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• 2014

In the near future, traditional narrow and fixed viewpoint video services will be replaced by high-quality panorama video services. This paper proposes a visual-attention-aware progressive region of interest (RoI) trick mode streaming service (VA-PRTS) that prioritizes video data to transmit according to the visual attention and transmits prioritized video data progressively. VA-PRTS enables the receiver to speed up the time to display without degrading the perceptual quality. For the proposed VA-PRTS, this paper defines a cutoff visual attention metric algorithm to determine the quality of the encoded video slice based on the capability of visual attention and the progressive streaming method based on the priority of RoI video data. Compared to conventional methods, VA-PRTS increases the bitrate saving by over 57% and decreases the interactive delay by over 66%, while maintaining a level of perceptual video quality. The experiment results show that the proposed VA-PRTS improves the quality of the viewer experience for interactive panoramic video streaming services. The development results show that the VA-PRTS has highly practical real-field feasibility.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.119-134
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to expound the packaging framework system(PFS) under international trade rules. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed packaging framework system and packaging regulations and technical standards in international regulations and major countries and classified these in some standards Findings - First, the study provides packaging provisions associated with packaging regulations and technical standards (PRTS). Then, the basis of PFS in international trade rules was proposed; it is believed that the PFS was composed of packaging legal system in WTO institutional framework (WTO-PLS), international organization packaging standard system (IO-PSS) and major countries or regions packaging regulatory system (MCR-PRS). Secondly, this paper expounded relations and legal characteristics of the three packaging systems. Finally, This study investigated PRTS coverage under technical barriers to trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS). Research implications or Originality - The regulations associated with PRTS have played a key role in challenges to merchandise trade in international trade. This study has significance in classifying packaging related reticulations into several criteria unlike previous studies. Therefore it is hope that this study can provide a supplementary document for the existing research of PRTS.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1377-1382
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• 2015

Power system restoration following a massive blackout starts with re-energizing Primary Restorative Transmission (PRT) systems at first. As power systems have been gradually enlarged and become more complex, periodical evaluation and reassignment of PRTs are needed. So far it has been decided by try and error approach by corresponding human experts to analyze and evaluate them. This paper presents an intelligent system that finds optimal primary restoration paths using analytic and heuristic knowledge from PSS/E data, and suggests an optimal PRTs depending on the condition of Ferranti effect or a reactive power capability margin of black-start generator. This system was tested in Korea Electric Power system, and showed a promising result.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2012

We propose an improved interpolating equation to express temperature-resistance characteristics for modern industrial platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs). Callendar-van Dusen equation which has been widely used for platinum resistance thermometer fails to fully describe temperature characteristics of high quality PRTs and leaves systematic residual when the calibration point include temperatures above $300^{\circ}C$. Expanding Callendar-van Dusen to higher-order polynomial drastically improves the uncertainty of the fitting even with reduced degrees of freedom of the fitting. We found that in the fourth-order polynomial fitting, the third-order and fourth-order coefficients have a strong correlation. Using the correlation, we suggest an improved interpolating equation in the form of fourth-order polynomial, but with three fitting parameters. Applying this interpolating equation reduced the uncertainty of the fitting to 32 % of that resulted from the traditional Callendar-van Dusen. This improvement was better than that from a simple third-order polynomial despite that the degrees of the freedom of the fitting was the same.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.123-129
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to design an intelligent pattern-based real-time trading system (PRTS) using rough set analysis of technical indicators, dynamic time warping (DTW), and genetic algorithm in stock futures market. Rough set is well known as a data-mining tool for extracting trading rules from huge data sets such as real-time data sets, and a technical indicator is used for the construction of the data sets. To measure similarity of patterns, DTW is used over a given period. Through an empirical study, we identify the ideal performances that were profitable in various market conditions.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2018

Positional Release Techniques (PRTs) are an umbrella term for manual therapies harnessing spontaneous musculoskeletal balancing mechanism of the body facilitated by finding and maintaining therapeutic position. PRT has its origin in the Strain Counterstrain (SCS) technique by Dr. Jones but encompasses diverse related techniques that stemmed off from the SCS. PRT emphasizes postural balance within the body and innate healing potential of the body including the postural balance of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This study briefly reviews concepts, history, and contemporary study reports on PRT with a focus on the yin-yang balance based approach of PRT.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2003

In this paper, we fabricated PRT(platinum resistance thermometers) with the trimming technology using high fine laser system. U. V.(wavelength： 355nm) laser was mainly used for adjusting Pt thin films resistors to 100Ω at 0$^{\circ}C$. Internationally, the accepted A-class tolerance of temperature sensor is ${\pm}$0.06Ω at 0$^{\circ}C$. according to DIN EN 60751. The width of trimmed lines was about 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ and the best trimming conditions of Pt thin films were power : 37mW, frequency : 200Hz and bite size：1.5$\mu\textrm{m}$. And 96 resistors, fabricated by photolithography and etching process, have 79∼90Ω and 91∼102Ω as the proportion of 45.7% and 57.3%, respectively. As result of sitting Pt thin films resistors to the target value(109.73Ω at 25$^{\circ}C$), 82.3% of all resistors had the tolerance within ${\pm}$0.03Ω and the others(17.7％) were within ${\pm}$0.06Ω of A-class tolerance. The PRTs which wore fabricated in this research had excellent characteristics as follows； high accuracy, international standard TCR(temperature coefficient of resistance) value, long-term stability, wide temperature range, good linearity and repeatability, rapid response time, etc.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2000

Triple points of high purity materials have been used to calibrate primarily the capsule-type platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) in the temperature range of the triple point of equilibrium hydrogen (13.8033 K) and water (273.16 K). In this work, triple points of Ne, $O_2$, Ar, Hg and $H_2O$ except for the triple point of equilibrium hydrogen were realized to establish the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). At each fixed point, two capsule-type PRTs, which were selected for the international comparison, were tested two times. The combined uncertainties of the realization of each triple point were calculated considering the type A and type B evaluation. In Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, the combined standard uncertainties of the defining triple Points by the ITS-90 were estimated to about 0.18 mK for Ne, 0.14 mK for $O_2$, 0.14 mK for Ar, 0.24 mK for Hg and 0.11 mK for $H_2O$, respectively.