• 제목/요약/키워드: PROXSCAL

검색결과 7건 처리시간 0.017초

시내버스 준공영제 시행에 따른 시내버스 운전자의 운전태도 변화에 근거한 교통사고 저감대책 방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Measures on the Decrease of the Traffic Accidents Based on the Attitude Changes of Intra-City Bus Drivers Following the Implementation Semi-Public Management System of Intra-City Bus)

  • 최재원;정헌영;장석용;고상선
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제31권1D호
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 부산광역시 시내버스 준공영제 시행에 따른 시내버스 교통사고 발생 유형 및 시내버스 운전자의 운전태도 변화 경향을 분석하고 이를 토대로 하여 교통사고 저감대책을 고찰한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시내버스 준공영제 시행 전 후와 시행 후 시간이 경과함에 따른 교통사고는 전반적으로 감소하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 시내버스 준공영제 시행 전 후 시내버스 운전자의 교통법규 위반과 교통사고 감소에 가장 많은 영향을 끼친 요인으로는 안전운전 의무 불이행 위반 감소와 고용 안정으로 나타났다. 셋째, PROXSCAL 분석 결과에 따른 교통사고 저감대책을 마련, 제시할 수 있었다.

클러스터링을 고려한 다차원척도법의 개선: 군집 지향 척도법 (Improved Multidimensional Scaling Techniques Considering Cluster Analysis: Cluster-oriented Scaling)

  • 이재윤
    • 정보관리학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.45-70
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    • 2012
  • 개체들 사이의 관계를 저차원 공간에 매핑하는 다차원척도법을 수행하기 위한 다양한 방법과 알고리즘이 개발되어왔다. 그러나 PROXSCAL이나 ALSCAL과 같은 기존의 기법들은 50개 이상의 개체를 포함하는 데이터 집합을 대상으로 개체 간의 관계와 군집 구조를 시각화하는데 있어서 효과적이지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구에서 제안하는 군집 지향 척도법 CLUSCAL(CLUster-oriented SCALing)은 기존 방법과 달리 입력되는 데이터의 군집 구조를 고려하도록 고안되었다. 50명의 저자동시인용 데이터와 85개 단어의 동시출현 데이터에 대해서 적용해본 결과 제안한 CLUSCAL 기법은 군집 구조를 잘 식별할 수 있는 MDS 지도를 생성하는 유용한 기법임이 확인되었다.

가정 조리 전통 침채류의 지역별 섭취 실태 및 향토성 평가 : 국민건강영양조사 제3기 자료를 이용하여 (Regional Characteristics in Consumption of Home-cooked Kimchi and Jangajji Varieties: Using KNHANES III Data)

  • 최미경
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.131-142
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    • 2009
  • The principal objective of this study was to investigate regional characteristics in the consumption of home-cooked varieties of kimchi and jangajji. Data obtained from the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III(KNHANES Ⅲ), which was conducted in 2005, were utilized in this study. A total of 7,810 data were included in our statistical analyses, which were conducted using SPSS 14.0. The total number of home-cooked kimchi and jangajji were 22 and 11, respectively, and Korean cabbage kimchi, young radish kimchi, and kkakdugi were the top 3 varieties of kimchi. Leaf jangajji, green pepper jangajji, and garlic jangajji were most frequently consumed. Additionally, the results of this study revealed significant correlations between neighboring areas in the ranking of consumption of kimchi varieties, whereas the jangajji varieties did not evidence results as distinct as were noted with kimchi. Different kimchi and jangajji variety consumption patterns were noted between the Middle West and South areas, coastal and inland areas, and cities and provinces. Spicy kimchi varieties, in particular, were enjoyed more frequently by households in the South than those in the Middle West. Further analysis using PROXSCAL multidimensional scaling demonstrated the proximity between areas in terms of kimchi and jangajji consumption patterns. In conclusion, more effort should be extended to encourage the consumption of home-cooked regional foods.

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지적 구조 분석을 위한 MDS 지도 작성 방식의 비교 분석 (A Comparison Analysis of Various Approaches to Multidimensional Scaling in Mapping a Knowledge Domain's Intellectual Structure)

  • 이재윤
    • 한국문헌정보학회지
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.335-357
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    • 2007
  • 다차원척도법(MDS)은 지적 구조의 시각화를 위해서 오랫동안 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 MDS는 지적 구조를 시각적으로 표현하는데 있어서 세부 구조의 표현력이 취약하다는 약점을 가지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 상관계수 행렬의 가공 방식과 MDS 알고리즘을 조합한 여섯 가지 MDS 지도 작성 방식을 파악한 다음, 실제 지적 구조 데이터에 적용하여 비교해보았다. 실험 결과에서 가장 나쁜 방식으로 파악된 것은 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 방식으로서, 상관계수행렬로부터 유클리드 거리를 산출한 후 ALSCAL 알고리즘으로 MDS 지도를 작성하는 방식인 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 가장 좋은 방식은 상관계수를 z점수로 표준화하여 유클리드 거리를 산출한 후 PROXSCAL 알고리즘를 사용하는 방식이었다. 결론적으로 MDS 처리 과정을 주의깊게 구성한다면 더 구체적이고 명확한 지적 구조를 파악할 수 있음이 확인되었다.

터치폰 인터랙션의 Flicking에 대한 감성 터치감에 대한 연구 (A Research on Emotion Assessment by Touch Sensibility Flicking on Mobile Phone)

  • 김지혜;황민철;김치중;박재언;문성철
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.533-540
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    • 2010
  • This study was to suggest the proper level of touch sensibility for twenties while flicking touch phones. A rapid prototype of $480{\times}800$ pixel size was developed for the experiment. Participants were 20 undergraduates, not visually and physically handicapped in using touch phones. 15 different modes, with each mode changing in velocity when flicking the prototype were randomly presented to each subject. The subjects were asked to score what they felt in each mode on a 1-to-6 Likert scale. The data was analyzed by the one-way ANOVA procedure. Each mode showed significant differences in 8 representative emotions except for exclusivity feeling and fresh feeling. Each velocity mode was scaled by the multidimensional scaling technique. Then, vector coordinates in each emotion were obtained by simple regression analysis. 15 velocity modes and each emotion were joint-plotted by the MDS, PROXSCAL. The findings in this study could be basic data for studying affective touch sensibilities in multiple ways.

Perceptional Change of a New Product, DMB Phone

  • Kim, Ju-Young;Ko, Deok-Im
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.59-88
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    • 2008
  • Digital Convergence means integration between industry, technology, and contents, and in marketing, it usually comes with creation of new types of product and service under the base of digital technology as digitalization progress in electro-communication industries including telecommunication, home appliance, and computer industries. One can see digital convergence not only in instruments such as PC, AV appliances, cellular phone, but also in contents, network, service that are required in production, modification, distribution, re-production of information. Convergence in contents started around 1990. Convergence in network and service begins as broadcasting and telecommunication integrates and DMB(digital multimedia broadcasting), born in May, 2005 is the symbolic icon in this trend. There are some positive and negative expectations about DMB. The reason why two opposite expectations exist is that DMB does not come out from customer's need but from technology development. Therefore, customers might have hard time to interpret the real meaning of DMB. Time is quite critical to a high tech product, like DMB because another product with same function from different technology can replace the existing product within short period of time. If DMB does not positioning well to customer's mind quickly, another products like Wibro, IPTV, or HSPDA could replace it before it even spreads out. Therefore, positioning strategy is critical for success of DMB product. To make correct positioning strategy, one needs to understand how consumer interprets DMB and how consumer's interpretation can be changed via communication strategy. In this study, we try to investigate how consumer perceives a new product, like DMB and how AD strategy change consumer's perception. More specifically, the paper segment consumers into sub-groups based on their DMB perceptions and compare their characteristics in order to understand how they perceive DMB. And, expose them different printed ADs that have messages guiding consumer think DMB in specific ways, either cellular phone or personal TV. Research Question 1: Segment consumers according to perceptions about DMB and compare characteristics of segmentations. Research Question 2: Compare perceptions about DMB after AD that induces categorization of DMB in direction for each segment. If one understand and predict a direction in which consumer perceive a new product, firm can select target customers easily. We segment consumers according to their perception and analyze characteristics in order to find some variables that can influence perceptions, like prior experience, usage, or habit. And then, marketing people can use this variables to identify target customers and predict their perceptions. If one knows how customer's perception is changed via AD message, communication strategy could be constructed properly. Specially, information from segmented customers helps to develop efficient AD strategy for segment who has prior perception. Research framework consists of two measurements and one treatment, O1 X O2. First observation is for collecting information about consumer's perception and their characteristics. Based on first observation, the paper segment consumers into two groups, one group perceives DMB similar to Cellular phone and the other group perceives DMB similar to TV. And compare characteristics of two segments in order to find reason why they perceive DMB differently. Next, we expose two kinds of AD to subjects. One AD describes DMB as Cellular phone and the other Ad describes DMB as personal TV. When two ADs are exposed to subjects, consumers don't know their prior perception of DMB, in other words, which subject belongs 'similar-to-Cellular phone' segment or 'similar-to-TV' segment? However, we analyze the AD's effect differently for each segment. In research design, final observation is for investigating AD effect. Perception before AD is compared with perception after AD. Comparisons are made for each segment and for each AD. For the segment who perceives DMB similar to TV, AD that describes DMB as cellular phone could change the prior perception. And AD that describes DMB as personal TV, could enforce the prior perception. For data collection, subjects are selected from undergraduate students because they have basic knowledge about most digital equipments and have open attitude about a new product and media. Total number of subjects is 240. In order to measure perception about DMB, we use indirect measurement, comparison with other similar digital products. To select similar digital products, we pre-survey students and then finally select PDA, Car-TV, Cellular Phone, MP3 player, TV, and PSP. Quasi experiment is done at several classes under instructor's allowance. After brief introduction, prior knowledge, awareness, and usage about DMB as well as other digital instruments is asked and their similarities and perceived characteristics are measured. And then, two kinds of manipulated color-printed AD are distributed and similarities and perceived characteristics for DMB are re-measured. Finally purchase intension, AD attitude, manipulation check, and demographic variables are asked. Subjects are given small gift for participation. Stimuli are color-printed advertising. Their actual size is A4 and made after several pre-test from AD professionals and students. As results, consumers are segmented into two subgroups based on their perceptions of DMB. Similarity measure between DMB and cellular phone and similarity measure between DMB and TV are used to classify consumers. If subject whose first measure is less than the second measure, she is classified into segment A and segment A is characterized as they perceive DMB like TV. Otherwise, they are classified as segment B, who perceives DMB like cellular phone. Discriminant analysis on these groups with their characteristics of usage and attitude shows that Segment A knows much about DMB and uses a lot of digital instrument. Segment B, who thinks DMB as cellular phone doesn't know well about DMB and not familiar with other digital instruments. So, consumers with higher knowledge perceive DMB similar to TV because launching DMB advertising lead consumer think DMB as TV. Consumers with less interest on digital products don't know well about DMB AD and then think DMB as cellular phone. In order to investigate perceptions of DMB as well as other digital instruments, we apply Proxscal analysis, Multidimensional Scaling technique at SPSS statistical package. At first step, subjects are presented 21 pairs of 7 digital instruments and evaluate similarity judgments on 7 point scale. And for each segment, their similarity judgments are averaged and similarity matrix is made. Secondly, Proxscal analysis of segment A and B are done. At third stage, get similarity judgment between DMB and other digital instruments after AD exposure. Lastly, similarity judgments of group A-1, A-2, B-1, and B-2 are named as 'after DMB' and put them into matrix made at the first stage. Then apply Proxscal analysis on these matrixes and check the positional difference of DMB and after DMB. The results show that map of segment A, who perceives DMB similar as TV, shows that DMB position closer to TV than to Cellular phone as expected. Map of segment B, who perceive DMB similar as cellular phone shows that DMB position closer to Cellular phone than to TV as expected. Stress value and R-square is acceptable. And, change results after stimuli, manipulated Advertising show that AD makes DMB perception bent toward Cellular phone when Cellular phone-like AD is exposed, and that DMB positioning move towards Car-TV which is more personalized one when TV-like AD is exposed. It is true for both segment, A and B, consistently. Furthermore, the paper apply correspondence analysis to the same data and find almost the same results. The paper answers two main research questions. The first one is that perception about a new product is made mainly from prior experience. And the second one is that AD is effective in changing and enforcing perception. In addition to above, we extend perception change to purchase intention. Purchase intention is high when AD enforces original perception. AD that shows DMB like TV makes worst intention. This paper has limitations and issues to be pursed in near future. Methodologically, current methodology can't provide statistical test on the perceptual change, since classical MDS models, like Proxscal and correspondence analysis are not probability models. So, a new probability MDS model for testing hypothesis about configuration needs to be developed. Next, advertising message needs to be developed more rigorously from theoretical and managerial perspective. Also experimental procedure could be improved for more realistic data collection. For example, web-based experiment and real product stimuli and multimedia presentation could be employed. Or, one can display products together in simulated shop. In addition, demand and social desirability threats of internal validity could influence on the results. In order to handle the threats, results of the model-intended advertising and other "pseudo" advertising could be compared. Furthermore, one can try various level of innovativeness in order to check whether it make any different results (cf. Moon 2006). In addition, if one can create hypothetical product that is really innovative and new for research, it helps to make a vacant impression status and then to study how to form impression in more rigorous way.

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세계음식 브랜드 포지셔닝에 대한 연구: 한국, 미국, 중국 음식관광객을 대상으로 (A Positioning Study of National Food: In Perspective of Korean, American, Chinese Food Tourists)

  • 최하연;곽공호;김학선
    • 한국조리학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.86-94
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구에서는 음식관광 브랜드 이미지가 국내외 관광객들에게 어떻게 인식되고 있는지를 파악하고, 음식관광 브랜드 이미지를 유형화시키는 도구인 다차원척도법을 이용하여 결과를 분석하였다. 연구목적 달성을 위해 국내외에 거주하는 해외 음식관광에 관심이 있는 잠재적 음식관광객을 대상으로 온 오프라인 설문조사를 통해 수거된 250개의 설문지에서 202개의 설문 응답이 분석에 사용되었다. 연구결과 첫째, 응답자들이 중요하다고 평가하는 8항목을 선택속성으로 추출하고, 국가별 이미지 평균을 분석하여 포지셔닝맵으로 시각화하였다. 둘째, 유사성 분석에서는 다섯 국가의 음식이 매우 유사하다고 응답하진 않았지만, 모든 국가가 서로 경쟁관계에 놓일 가능성이 높아 보였다. 둘째, 선택속성 항목들의 중요도 분석을 하였을 때, 음식의 맛(3.88), 국가이미지의 반영(3.82), 충분한 음식의 양(3.65)이 높은 수치가 나타났다. 평균값은 3.62로, 평균값보다 큰 것은 음식의 맛, 충분한 음식의 양, 국가이미지의 반영 총 3개로 나타났기에 잠재적 음식관광객은 음식을 선택할 시에 음식의 맛, 양, 국가이미지 반영의 유무를 우선으로 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 음식관광을 활성화 브랜딩 전략에 시사점을 제공할 수 있으리라 사료된다.