• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.37-37
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• 2003

본 연구실에서는 체세포복제 수정란 이식우의 분만전후 태아와 모체 및 태반과의 내분비적인 관계를 검토하기 위해 복제수정란 이식우의 분만 전후에 있어서, 혈중progesterone 과 TGF-$\beta$$_1$ 수준을 분석한 결과 정상우의 분만직전과 달리 혈중progesterone 및 TGF-$\beta$$_1$ 농도는 감소되지 않고 높은 수준을 그대로 유지되어 복제수정란이식우의 경우 정상적인 분만 signal이 나타나지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 체세포 복제소 수정란 이식우에 있어서 태반조직의 특성을 정상우의 동일한 시기의 태반과 비교 검토하였으며 분만시기에 있어서 태반의 역할을 검토하였다. 태반은 복제란 이식우 및 정상우 임신우를 술을 실시하여 태반을 채취하여 실험에 공시하였다. 정상우의 임신기간중 혈중 progesterone 농도는 임신초기와 중기에 다소 증가되어 유지되다가 임신말기에는 급격한 progesterone의 감소현상과 더불어 분만이 유기되는 것으로 나타났으나 복제우의 경우 분만예정일 직전까지 progesterone의 급격한 감소는 일어나지 않고 높은 농도로 유지되는 현상을 보였다. 이때 제왕절제 수술중 제대근방에 있는 태반궁부를 적출하여 중량을 측정한 결과 정상우의 궁부에 비해 유의적으로 무거웠으며, 이것은 태아의 중량과 정의 상관관계가 있음이 확인되었으며 태아 및 궁부의 중량이 무거울수록 분만 전후의 태아사망율이 높은 것으로 나타났다 이때의 궁부를 조직학적으로 검토한 결과, 복제우의 태반궁부는 정상우의 궁부에 비해 cytotrophoblast 및 syncytiotrophoblast가 적었으며 치밀하지 못한 형태를 확인할 수 있었다. 이때의 태반조직를 이용하여 세포질을 추출하여 단백질양상을 검토한 결과, 정상태반에 비해 복제태반은분자량 90kd, 65kd 및 18kd의 특이단백질이 존재하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며 이들 단백질을 HPLC system에 의해 분리한 결과 fraction 2와 3에서 특이한 단백질을 분리하였다. 이와 같이, 복제우의 태반에는 정상적인 임신과 분만을 비롯하여 복제송아지의 생존에 중요한 인자가 관여하고 있을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 1996

The aim of this study is to elucidate sperm chemotaxis and to set up the optirnal condition for selection of motile and capacitated sperm from hovine frozen-semen. Thus, the effects of semen-washing after thawing, concentrations of progesterone (P4) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sperm-washing frequency on sperm selection were examined. For evaluating their effects, number, viability and acrosome reaction of sperm swim-up seperated from semen, which were incubated for 30 minutes at 36$^{\circ}C$ in the M2 solution containing P4 and BSA, were investigated. For frozen-semen just after thawing, sperm recovery and viability were not significantly different between P4-treated and -untreated semen. However, washing frozen-semen decreased the number of sperm and increased the viability of sperm that were recovered from semen treated with P4. Progesterone affected the recovery rate, the viability and the acrosome-reaction rate of sperm recovered from washed frozen-semen. Especially, number of motile and capacitated sperm were highest in semen treated with 50$\mu$g /ml among 0, 20, 50 and 100$\mu$g /ml of P4 concentrations. BSA affected the recovery rate and the viability of sperm recovered from washed frozen-semen that were treated with 50$\mu$g /ml of P4. Especially, the percentage of viable sperm were highest in semen treated with 4mg /ml among 0, 2, 4, and 6mg /ml of BSA concentrations. Repeatedly sperm-washing did not affect the recovery rate and the viability of sperm recovered from washed frozen-semen that were treated with 50$\mu$g /ml of P4 and 4mg /ml of BSA In conclusion, using progesterone and BSA could efficiently make the selection of motile and capacitated sperm from washed frozen-semen.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 1995

쥐 뇌에서 연령증가에 따른 progesterone의 대사에 대하여 연구하였다. 그 기초실험으로 생후 5일된 암컷 쥐의 뇌를 균질기로 분쇄한 경우와 잘게다진 경우의 실험에서 잘게다진 경우가 더 좋은 활성을 보였으며 쥐뇌 0.3 g, 30분의 표준 실험조건을 결정하였다. 그 결과로 $5{\alpha}$-환원요소의 경우 생후 $5{\sim}14$일에 가장 활성이 높았으며 점차적으로 감소하여 6주 이후에는 거의 일정한 활성을 나타내었다. $3{\alpha}-hydroxy$스테로이드 산화 환원요소$(3{\alpha}-HSOR)$도 $5{\alpha}$-환원요소와 비슷한 형태의 활성을 보였다. 그러나 이때 $3{\beta}-HSOR$의 활성은 연령에 따라 변화가 없이 거의 일정함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 연령에 따른 $5{\alpha}$-환원대사산물 생성의 감소는 $5{\alpha}$-환원효소의 감소와 $3{\alpha}-HSOR$의 감소에 의하여 일어남을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1261-1267
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• 2003

We have investigated whether HspBP1, a Hsp70 binding protein, could have effect on the assembly of the bovine progesterone receptor (bPR) with a chaperone complex consisting of bovine Hsp90 (bHsp90), bovine Hsp70 (bHsp70), Hop, Ydj-1, and p23. The bPR, isolated in its native conformation, loses its function to interact with progesterone hormone in the absence of this protein complex. However, in the presence of bHsp90, bHsp70, Hop, p23 and Ydj-1, its function could be restored in vitro. Our findings here indicate that the inclusion of HspBP1 to five-protein system prevented the proper assembly of progesterone receptor-chaperone complex and induce the loss of bPR ability to interact with hormone. Immunoprecipitation assays of bPR with HspBP1 show that the presence of HspBP1 did not have any effect on the assembly of Ydj-1 and bHsp70 with the progesterone receptor. However, further assembly of Hsp90, Hop and p23 was completely prevented and the function of the bPR was lost. In vitro competition and protein folding assays indicated that the binding of HspBP1 to bHsp70 prevented the ternary complex formation of bHsp70, bHsp90, and Hop. These results indicate that HspBP1 is a negative regulator of the assembly of Hsp90, Hop and Hsp70, and thus, prevent the proper maturation of unliganded bPR with chaperones assembly system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1496-1500
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• 2004

In the mammalian ovary the follicular fluid contains proteins and peptides which play an important role in growth, development and maturation of oocytes. The gonadotropins and some other factors work synergistically and regulate ovarian functions. In the present study the effect of follicular fluid proteins (FFP) and gonadotropins on progesterone secretion by granulosa cells (GC) from buffalo ovary, was investigated during culture. The follicular fluid was collected from small (<5 mm), and medium (5-8 mm) follicles obtained from buffalo ovaries. The follicular fluid from medium follicles was fractionated with ammonium sulphate at 80% saturation. The precipitated protein fraction was further resolved in to minor (peaks I, III) and major (peak II) proteins using gel filtration (Sephadex G-200). The FFP from small follicles and major FFP (peak II) at a dose of 200 $\mu$g/well, significantly stimulated progesterone secretion by pooled GC (3${\times}10^{5}$ cells/2 ml medium/well). The minor FFP did not show any stimulatory effect. There was a significant increase in progesterone secretion by pooled GC in presence of FFP and LH (10 ng/well), however, FSH (20 ng/well) with FFP exhibited an inhibitory effect. The major FFP and gonadotropins were also studied for their effect on progesterone production by GC isolated from medium and large size follicles. The GC from medium follicles were more responsive to FSH and FFP whereas GC from large follicles exhibited enhanced progesterone secretion with LH and FFP. These results indicated that FFP have their own stimulatory effect and also act synergistically with gonadotropins. The significantly different response shown by GC, for steroid hormone secretion, is based on their stage of growth and differentiation. The purification and characterization of such steroidogenic proteins may help in elucidating their role in growth and differentiation of granulosa cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1103-1109
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• 2002

This study investigated the effect of 2-bromo-$\alpha$-ergocryptine (anti prolactin agent) on plasma levels of prolactin, oestradiol-17$\beta$ and progesterone in domestic hen during the active period of lay. Fifty healthy female White Leghorn birds were administered with anti prolactin agent (2-bromo-$\alpha$-ergocryptine, Sigma-USA., methane sulphonate salt, $C_{32}H_{40}BrN_5O_5.CH_4SO_3$) subcutaneously @100$\mu$g/kg body weight at weekly intervals from 17th to 36th week of age. Another group of fifty birds as controls were given placebo in place of bromocriptine. The level of prolactin remained lower in treated birds than in the control birds from 19 to 36 weeks of age. Level of prolactin even in the control group was found to decrease during the peak production period. Oestradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesterone concentration in treated birds were significantly (p<0.01) higher than the controls during the treatment. Egg production, is positively correlated with oestradiol-$17{\beta}$ (r=0.02; r=0.67) and progesterone (r=0.49; r=0.90) in control and treated groups respectively where as prolactin level is positively correlated with egg production in the control birds (r=0.07). Prolactin levels were negatively correlated with egg production (r=-0.55) in treated birds; and oestradiol-$17{\beta}$ (r =-0.71; r=-0.53) and progesterone (r=-0.22; r=-0.27) respectively in control and treated groups. The total number of pause days during the treatment period decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated group compared to the control group. The reduction in pause days in treated group resulted in 1.76% increase in egg production over that in control group. The increase in egg laying days and the total egg production were found to be significant (p<0.01). These results indicate that a lower level of prolactin in circulatory blood enhances egg production in the domestic hen.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.258-262
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• 1991

Rhizopus nigricans에 의한 progest$\xi$rone의 Iia-hydroxylation 반응은 포도당에 의하여 촉진되었으며 그 효과가 전자 수용체인 NADPH와 NaJD. 를 투입하였을 때의 효과와 유사한 것으로 부터 표도당은 이 반응에 필요한 보조요소의 생성에 기여하며 hydroxylation 반응을 촉진한다고 생각되었다 포도당의 소모량은 hydroxy lation 반응 속도가 빠을수록 크게 나타났으며 포도당의 농도가 증가함에 따라 반응 속도는 점차 증가하다가 균사체는 0.5 g/l 포자체는 20 g/l에서 거의 일정해지는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 polyacrylamide gel에 고정화한 균사체의 경우 배양 기간 동안 gel내에 축적되어 있는 포도당 만으로도 반응이 충분히 촉진되었다. a-Hydroxy progesterone의 Sa-reduction 반응은 p progesterone의 11a-hyroxylation 반응에 버하여 훨씬 더 높은 포도당 농도가 필요하므로 포노당의 농도를 낮게 유지시킴으로써 5a-reducrion 반응을 억제하여 11 a-hydroxyprogesterone의 수득융을 높힐 수 있음 갯으로 판단되었다.

• Obstetrics & gynecology science
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.669-674
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• 2018

Objective This study aimed to develop a nomogram that predicts ongoing pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) using patient age and serum hormonal markers. Methods A total of 284 IVF-ET cycles were retrospectively analyzed. At 14 days post-oocyte pick-up (OPU), the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and progesterone levels were measured. The main predicted outcome was ongoing pregnancy. Results Patient age and serum of HCG and progesterone levels at 14 days post-OPU were good predictors of ongoing pregnancy. The cut-off value and area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) were 36.5 years and 0.666 (0.599-0.733), respectively, for patient age; 67.8 mIU/mL and 0.969 (0.951-0.987), respectively, for serum HCG level; and 29.8 ng/mL and 0.883 (0.840-0.925), respectively, for serum progesterone level. When the prediction model was constructed using these three parameters, the addition of serum progesterone level to the prediction model did not increase its overall predictability. Furthermore, a high linear co-relationship was found between serum HCG and progesterone levels. Therefore, we developed a new nomogram using patient age and HCG serum level only. The AUC of the newly developed nomogram for predicting ongoing pregnancy after IVF-ET cycles using patient age and serum HCG level was as high as 0.975. Conclusion We showed that ongoing pregnancy may be predicted using only patient age and HCG serum level. Our nomogram could help clinicians and patients predict ongoing pregnancy after IVF-ET if the serum JCG level was ${\geq}5IU/L$ at 14 days post-OPU.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1989

The study was carried out to find out the changes of the sex hormone concentrations in the blood plasma and antrum of follicular and lutein cystic ovaries of Holstein cows. The progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone, FSH and LH from samples of the blood plasma and antrum of cystic ovaries of cows assayed by radioimmunoassay method. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The concentrations fo progesterone and estradiol-17$\beta$ in the blood plasmaat estrous and luteal phase were 0.95$\pm$0.18ng/ml, 11.45$\pm$3.12pg/ml and 4.25$\pm$0.27ng/ml, 6.27$\pm$0.82pg/ml respectively. The concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17$\beta$ in the antrum fluid of follicles at estrous and luteal phase were 24.8$\pm$4.12ng/ml, 54.3$\pm$7.25pg/ml and 21.7$\pm$3.79ng/ml, 14.3$\pm$2.72pg/ml respectively, and showed significant changes among the estrous and luteal phase and blood plasma and antrum fluid of follicles. 2. The concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone and LH in the blood plasma of follicular cystic ovareis of cows were 0.85$\pm$0.25ng/ml, 9.23$\pm$2.72pg/ml, 17.12$\pm$3.26pg/ml and 3.78$\pm$1.02mIU/ml respectively. And the concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone and LH in the antrum fluid of follicular cystic ovareis of cows were 284$\pm$48.21ng/ml, 389$\pm$67.23ng/ml, 12.84$\pm$0.29ng/ml and 1.84$\pm$0.17mIU/ml respectively, and showed significant changes between in the blood plasma and antrum fluid of cystic ovaries. 3. The concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone and LH in the blood plasma of lutein cystic ovaries of cows were 3.40$\pm$0.78ng/ml, 4.02$\pm$0.42pg/ml, 10.72$\pm$2.74pg/ml and 0.76$\pm$0.12mIU/ml respectively. And the concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone and LH in the antrum fluid of lutein cystic ovareis of cows were 427$\pm$35.79ng/ml, 0.76$\pm$0.07ng/ml, 3.45$\pm$0.57ng/ml and 0.29$\pm$0.07mIU/ml respectively, and showed significant changes between the blood plasma and antrum fluid of cystic ovaries. 4. Accordingly, the diagnosis of follicular and lutein cystic ovareis of cows from progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$ and LH levels in the blood plasma and antrum of cystic ovaries of cows is thought to be possible a diagnostic means.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.100-109
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• 1984

This study was conducted to find out the changes of progesterone and estradiol-17$\beta$ levels in the serum of female Korean native goats during the reproductive stages such as the estrous cycle, pregnancy and periparturient period. Nine heads of female Korean native goats of 3 year old in average and weighing 35.7$\pm$1.4 kg were offered for the experiment. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18 and 19 days after onset of estrus, and 1, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 149 days of pregnancy, and -5, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 and +5 days of periparturient period where minus figures denote the days before paturition. The progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$ in the serum samples were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. The results of this study are summarized as follow: 1. The progesterone levels during the estrous cycles reached a peak level of 0.98$\pm$0.60ng/ml at 13 days after onset of estrus and decreased thereafter and were lower than 0.09$\pm$0.02mg/ml on the first day of estrus. 2. The estradioe17$\beta$ levels during the estrous cycles showed a peak level of 15.97$\pm$1.72pg/ml at onest of estrus, and decreased (5.41$\pm$0.51pg/ml-9.09$\pm$1.82pg/ml) during luteal phase. 3. The progesterone levels during the gestation period increased from day 1 and peaked at 90 days after mating and then decreased until 149 days. The peak level was 6.27$\pm$0.23ng/ml at 90 days. 4. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels during the gestation period showed gradual increase, which were 9.03$\pm$0.88, 32.96$\pm$2.85, 46.03$\pm$2.42, and 54.06$\pm$1.64pg/ml on 30, 60, 90 and 120 dyas after mating respectively. 5. The progesterone levels measured from 5 days before the parturition to 5 days after showed the highest level at the shart of measurement (4.46$\pm$0.31ng/ml) and decreased gradually and bottomed out at one day post-partum and thereafter (0.24$\pm$0.02-0.45$\pm$0.06ng/ml). 6. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels measured during the same periparturient period as progesterone showed increase to reach the peak level at 1 day before parturition and decreased rapidly thereafter (-5 dyas 69.46$\pm$3.62, -2 days 107.07$\pm$1.91, -1 days 137.83$\pm$7.54, 0 days 50.06$\pm$6.71 and +1 to +5 days 3.21-4.72 pg/ml).