• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 초소수성 실리카 에어로겔을 이용하여 단열 성능을 갖는 투명 필름용 유/무기 복합 코팅물질을 제조하였다. 바인더 물질로 사용된 자외선 경화형 우레탄 아크릴레이트 수지와 에어로겔과의 상용성을 위해 계면활성제(Brij 56)를 이용하여 에어로겔의 표면을 개질하였다. 개질된 에어로겔을 고분자 수지와 복합화한 코팅 용액을 폴리카보네이트 기지재에 코팅한 후 자외선경화를 통해 코팅필름을 제조하였다. 에어로겔이 10 vol% 함량으로 첨가되었을 때, 코팅필름의 단열성능은 측정된 열전도도 기준으로 순수 기지재 대비 28% 정도로 향상되었다. 또한, 코팅필름의 광투과율은 에어로겔이 50 vol%로 과량 첨가된 경우에도 80% 이상 높은 수준을 유지하였으며, 우수한 접착성(5B) 및 연필 경도(4H)를 보여주었다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.110-110
• /
• 2017

마이크로 플루이딕 디바이스는 화학, 생물학 실험 및 생체 의학 진단을 위한 플랫폼으로 지난 20년간 그 사용 및 연구가 증가되어 왔다. 마이크로 플루이딕 디바이스를 제작하는 데 있어 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 재료는 실리콘이지만 비용이 많이 들고 불투명하므로 광학 검출이 필요한 곳에 적용이 제한된다. 이러한 측면에서 열가소성 플라스틱은 상업화의 중요한 요소인 대량 생산에 있어 큰 잠재력을 가지고 있으며 저렴하고, 가공이 쉽고, 유연하고, 광학적으로 투명하고, 화학적으로 불활성이며, 생체적합성을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 열가소성 플라스틱의 일종인 PMMA Poly(methylmethacrylate)를 효율적으로 접합하기 위해 비교적 낮은 온도와 낮은 압력에서 에탄올을 활용한 접착방식을 개발하였다. 먼저, PMMA 기판의 전체 표면을 $80^{\circ}C$에서 20 분 동안 에탄올로 처리한 후, $60^{\circ}C$에서 20 분간 열 압착하는 방식으로 영구적인 결합이 이루어졌다. 결합 강도 및 채널의 sealing 정도를 확인하기 위해, 인장 강도, 누수 및 파열 테스트를 수행하였다. 결합강도는 약 12.4 MPa로 타 연구와 비교할 때 매우 높았으며 마이크로 채널의 전체 내부 체적보다 거의 450 배 높은 강한 액체 흐름을 견딜 정도로 견고한 결합이 유지되었다. 열가소성 플라스틱의 본딩에 사용되는 유기 용매는 광학 특성을 희생시키지 않으면서 결합 속도를 높일 수 있지만, 결합 공정 중에 용매로 인해 마이크로 채널이 막히는 현상이 발생될 수 있다. 따라서, 견고한 본딩을 유지하면서 채널 막힘을 방지하기 위해 마이크로 채널을 소수성으로 선택적으로 처리하여 내벽의 표면 특성을 튜닝해 주는 기법을 추가로 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 방법은 아민-PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) 링커를 적용하여 기판 표면의 극성을 변경시켜 주었다. 아민-PDMS 링커는 PC (polycarbonate), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 및 PI (polyimide)와 같은 다양한 열가소성 플라스틱의 표면 소수성을 현저히 증가시키며 화학적, 열적 안정성이 뛰어나다. 아민-PDMS 링커는 PMMA의 카보닐 그룹과 반응할 수 있는 아민 사이드 그룹을 포함하는 PDMS 백본으로 구성되며 처리된 대상표면을 소수성으로 만든다. 아민-PDMS 링커 처리 이후 채널은 소수성으로 변화되었으며 이는 접촉각(contact angle)의 증가로 확인되었다. 코팅된 채널을 에탄올로 30분간 80도에서 처리하여도 소수성은 그대로 유지되어 마이크로 채널의 선택적인 소수성 코팅이 성공적으로 수행되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.628-634
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 캐비테이션에 의한 부식에 강한 도료를 개발하기 위하여 고탄성의 우레탄 수지에 내마모 성능을 향상시키기 위한 첨가제로서 Polypropylene glycol(PPG), Polycarbonate diol(PCD), Polycaprolactone polyol(PCL-1), Polycaprolactone-tetramethylene glycolether(PCL-2) 등 4가지 종류의 Polyol을 첨가하여 제조한 도료의 물성과 캐비테이션 저항성을 평가하였다. 합성된 도료의 물성을 비교한 결과 Polyol 중에서는 PCD을 첨가한 경우 경도와 내마모성이 높아 캐비테이션 저항성이 높을 수 있는 물성을 가진 것으로 나타났으나 고점도를 가지고 있어서 도료화에 어려움이 있을 것으로 예상되어 점도가 낮은 도료를 위하여 PCL-1을 적절한 첨가제로 선정하였다. PCL-1이 첨가된 도료의 캐비테이션 저항성을 평가한 결과 저항성이 높은 것으로 나타났고 SEM을 이용하여 표면 분석을 통한 기공의 침식현상을 관찰하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.479-487
• /
• 2020

Current assumptions are used in the formulation of pseudo-first (PFO) and second-order (PSO) models to describe the kinetic data of filtration based on ideal operating conditions. This paper presents a new model developed with pseudo n^th order and based on real assumption. A comparison was performed between PFO, PSO and the new model to highlight their performance and the optimisation of the pseudo-order equation, using MATLAB software. Adsorption characteristic of bovine serum albumin adsorption on the track-etched membrane are used as a medium based on protein filtration data were extracted from the literature for different concentrations to demonstrate the comparison between PFO/PSO and the new model. The pseudo first and second-order kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data and they did not provide reasonable values. The results show that the predicted values are consistent with experimental values giving a good correlation coefficient R² = 0.997 and a minimum root mean squared error RMSE = 0.0171. Indeed, the experimental results follow the new model and the optimal pseudo equation order n = 1.115, the most suitable curves for the new model. As a result, we used different experimental adsorption data from the literature to examine and check the applicability and validity of the model.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.265-275
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution patterns and exposure concentrations of biological hazards in waste handling industries. Methods: We selected 3 recyclable waste sorting plants(RWS), 2 food recycling plants(FR), 1 landfill area(LA) and 1 waste incineration plant(WI). Total airborne bacteria and fungi were measured with single stage impactor and gelatin filters. Endotoxin and glucan were measured with polycarbonate filters in total and respirable dust. Results: The geometric mean of airborne bacterial concentration was the highest in FR($3,273CFU/m^3$), followed by LA, RWS, and WI as 1,334, 934, and $860CFU/m^3$. The fungal concentrations were 6,031, 5,052, 3,307, and $713CFU/m^3$ in RWS, WI, FR, and LA, respectively. By process, WI pit showed the highest concentrations of bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin, followed by inside of bulldozer in LA. The indoor to outdoor ratios of bacteria, fungi, endotoxin and glucan were 2.3, 4.0, 2.3, and 5.0 in RWS, 29.5, 4.9, 7.6, and 5.0 in FR, 5.3, 8.7, 26.8, and 9.5 in WI, respectively. Conclusions: We found that biological hazards, specifically bacteria in FR, fungi in RWS and endotoxin in WI pit and bulldozer at LA, should be controlled to prevent worker's respiratory diseases.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.4-4
• /
• 2009

Polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) was welded through a combination of a diode laser and CNC. Laser beam passed the transparent PC and was absorbed in an opaque ABS. Polymers were melted and welded by absorbed and conducted heat. Experiments were carried out by varying working distance from 44mm to 50mm for the focus spot diameter control, laser input power from 10W to 25W, and scanning speed from 100 to 400mm/min. The weld bead size and the specimen cross-section were analyzed, and tensile results were presented through the joint force measurement. With focus distance at 48mm, laser power with 20W, and welding speed at 300mm/min, experimental results showed the best welding quality which bead size was 3.75mm and the shear strength was $22.8N/mm^2$. Considering tensile strength of ABS is $43N/mm^2$, shear strength was sufficient to hold two materials. A single process was possible in CNC machining processes, surface processing, hole machining and welding. As a result, the process cycle time was reduced to 25%. Compared to a typical process, specimens were fabricated in a single process, with high precision. By combining two operations processes developed process gained 50% more efficiency.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.107-117
• /
• 1998

In the case of a fire disaster in a uni-directional road tunnel, it is important to determine the critical ventilation velocity to prevent the backflow travelling toward the tunnel exit where vehicles are stopped. The critical ventilation velocity is horizontal velocity to prevent hot smoke from moving toward the tunnel exit. According to Froude modelling, the model tunnel whcih was 300mm in diameter and 21 m in length was made of acryl tubes. Inner section of acryl tubes was clothed with polycarbonate. 1/20 scaled model vehicles were installed to simulate the situation that vehicles are stopped in the tunnel exit. Methanol in a pool type burner was burned in the middle of tunnel to simulate a fire hazard. In this study, the basis of determining the critical ventilation velocity is the ventilation flow rate that is able to maintain the allowable CO concentration in the tunnel section. We assumed that the allowable CO concentration was backflow dispersion index. Futhermore, We intended to find out CO distribution and temperature distribution according as we changed ventilation velocity. The results of this study were that no backflow happened when ventilation velocity was 0.52 m/s in the case of 5.75 kW. If we adapt these results of a fire disaster releasing 10MW heat capacity in real tunnel which is 400m in length, no backflow happens when ventilation velocity is 2.31m/s. After we figured out dimensionless heat release rate and dimensionless ventilation velocity of model test and those of real test to verify experimental correctness, we tried to find out correlation between experimental results of model tunnel and those of real tunnel.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2014

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and food and beverage containers. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between urinary concentrations of BPA and waist circumference in Korean adults. A total of 1,030 Korean adults (mean age, $44.3{\pm}14.6$ years) were enrolled in the study on the integrated exposure to hazardous materials for safety control, conducted by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety from 2010 to 2012. Abdominal obesity was defined as having a waist circumference of at least 90 cm and 85 cm for men and women, respectively. The participants were divided into 4 groups according to the urinary BPA concentration quartile. Waist circumference was significantly higher among subjects with a urinary BPA concentration in the highest quartile relative to those in the lowest quartile (p = 0.0071). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between urinary BPA concentrations and body mass index, body fat, after adjusting for potential confounders. Moreover, subjects with urinary BPA concentrations in the fourth quartile were more likely to be obese compared to those with urinary BPA concentrations in the first quartile (odds ratio, 1.938; 95% CI: 1.314~2.857; p for trend = 0.0106). These findings provide evidence for a positive association between urinary BPA concentration and waist circumference in Korean adults.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2017

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used in a polymerization reaction in the production of polycarbonate plastics. It has been used in many consumer products, including plastics, polyvinyl chloride, food packaging, dental sealants, and thermal receipts. However, there is little information available on the inhalation toxicity of BPA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine its inhalation toxicity and effects on the estrous cycle, spatial learning, and memory. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 10, 30, and $90mg/m^3$ BPA, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks via whole-body inhalation. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum chemistry, estrous cycle parameters, performance in the Morris water maze test, and organ weights, as well as gross and histopathological findings, were compared between the control and BPA exposure groups. Statistically significant changes were observed in serum chemistry and organ weights upon exposure to BPA. However, there was no BPA-related toxic effect on the body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, estrous cycle, performance in the Morris water maze test, or gross or histopathological lesions in any male or female rats in the BPA exposure groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for BPA in rats is above $90mg/m^3$/6 hr/day, 5 days/week upon 8-week exposure. Furthermore, BPA did not affect the estrous cycle, spatial learning, or memory in rats.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2005

We report a nanometer scale mark formation using a $PtO_x$ thin film or a TbFeCo rare-earth transition metal film and the mechanism. The multi-layer samples($ZnS-SiO_2/PtOx/ZNS-SiO_2,\;ZnS-SiO_2/TbFeCo/ZnS-SiO_2$) were prepared with a magnetron sputtering method on a polycarbonate or a glass substrate. By laser irradiation of approximately a few nanoseconds, nanometer scale marks were fabricated. During the fabrication process, the thin films were thermally reacted or inter-diffused during the laser irradiation. 75 nm bubble marks in the PtOx multi-layer sample by an approximately 4-ns laser irradiation. Inside the bubble mark, Pt particles with a few nanometer sizes are distributed. The $50{\sim}100$ nm bubble marks in the TbFeCo multi-layer sample by a few nanosecond laser irradiations. We will report the detail structure of the samples, the bubble mark formation process and the mechanism.