• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate inhibitory effects of steamed Polygonatum odoratum extract (POE) on differentiation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods : Polygonatum odoratum (P. odoratum) extract was extracted with ethyl acetate. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in POE were measured for antioxidant activity. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). MTT assay was examined for cell toxicity, oil red O staining was performed for intracelluar adipogenesis in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Western blot analysis for measurement of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expressions were performed. Results : The results revealed that POE has antioxidant activities. Contents of total polyphenolics and flavonoids were $50.83{\pm}1.52$ GAE mg/100g dry weight of POE and $17.05{\pm}2.47$ RE mg/100g dry weight of POE, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity, and FRAP in 10 mg/ml concentration were $92.1{\pm}0.6%$, $244.8{\pm}9.0{\mu}M$ Fe(II) and ABTS inhibition in 5 mg/ml concentration was $84.8{\pm}4.1%$. Treatment of POE in adipocytes inhibited the differentiation and adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to those of vehicle control. Additionally, protein expressions of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$, major transcription factor for the adipogenic genes, were significantly decreased compared to those of vehicle control (p<0.05). Futhermore, phosphorylation of AMPK was increased in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with POE compared to that of vehicle control (p<0.05). Conclusions : we demonstrate that steamed P. odoratum extract (POE) has potentiating antioxidant activities, inhibits differentiation and lipid accumulation and also induces energy expenditure in adipocytes, which may contribute to antiobesity property.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.538-543
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• 2011

This study was conducted for the antihyperlipidemic effect of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea in high fat diet-induced obese mice after having injected the ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea to the obese mice with high fat diet. The 30 six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups of 10 and fed for 5 weeks to be obese with high fat diet. Thereafter, for 4 weeks, ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea was provided through oral injection to the 3 groups: control group (HFD), group injected with 75 mg/kg of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 75) and the group injected with 125 mg/kg of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 125). The serum and liver lipid and the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity were measured. The result showed that there was no significant difference in weight gain and feed intake, and the feed efficiency ratio was significantly low in the group provided with ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea. Serum total cholesterol was significantly low in the group of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 125). It appeared that all the groups provided with ethanol extract from Portulaca loeracea reduced plasma triglyceride significantly according to the ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea dose. There was no dose dependency of HDL-cholesterol to the dose of ethanol extract of Portulaca oleracea. LDL-cholesterol was low in the group dosed with high ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 125). There was difference of total cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid contents in liver. AI (atherogenic index) and CRF (cardiac risk factor) were significantly low in the group with high dose of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 125). There was no difference of serum AST activity, however, serum ALT activity was significantly low in the group with high dose of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 125).

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2007

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.61-65
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2002

The vapor pressure and miscibility measurement apparatus was developed and used to obtain data for refrigerant/oil mixture. The vapor pressure and miscibility data for R-404A/32 ISO VG polyol ester (POE) oil mixture and R-404A/46 ISO VG polyol ester oil mixture are obtained over the temperature range from -20 to $60^{\circ}$ with at $10^{\circ}$ intervals and the oil concentration range from 0 to 70 wt%. Using the experimental data, an empirical model was developed to predict the temperature vapor pressure-concentration relations for R-404A/46 ISO VG polyol ester oil mixtures at equilibrium. In the R-404A/32 ISO VG polyol ester oil mixture, the average root-mean-square deviation between measured data and calculated results from the empirical model is 1.24% and in the R-404A/46 ISO VG polyol ester oil mixture, that is 1.37%. Miscibility for R-404A/32 ISO VG polyol ester oil mixture was observed all over the experimental conditions. Immiscibility for R-404A/So1est 46 oil mixture was observed at the low oil concentrations (20~30 wt%) over the high experimental temperature range (50~$60^{\circ}$).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 1995

Spin finish(SF) for nylon filament was prepared. The influence on the properties of filament obtained by treating the prepared spin finish in this study(SF-2) and foreign-made spin finish(Spinnar N-100) was compared. SF-2 prepared by blending of spindle oil 70g, paraffin wax 10g, glyceryl mono-oleate 5g, POE(6) nonylphenyl ether 4g, POE(10) nonylphenyl ether 4g, POE(10) octylphenyl ether 2g, POE(14) mono-oleate 4g and water 1g was excellent in its characteristics. Some of the properties of Nylon filament treated with SF-2 were better than those treated with Spinnar N-100. Also, optimal physical conditions of nylon filament according to the number of revolution of oil roller were obtained at conditions of 5rpm of number of revolution oil roller, 1.25% of SF-2 oil pick up, and denier 69D.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 1999

Retinoids in anti-wrinkle cosmetics are widely used for the treatment of the photoaging skin these days, but very unstable in the presence of water. Multilamellar liquid crystal vesicles consisted of $poly(oxyethylene)_{15}oleyl$ ether $(POE_{15}OE)$ or $poly(oxyethylene)_{15}stearyl$ ether $(POE_{15}SE)$, cetostearyl alcohol (CSA) and cholesterol or oils were prepared to increase the stability of retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate. $POE_{15}SE-CSA-Water$ systems were more unstable than $POE_{15}SE-CSA-Water$ systems due to the bended structure of oleyl groups. For the modification of vesicles, cholesterol was added. The enthalpy values were decreased reaching to zero and the water permeability of systems was decreased, but the stabilizaton of retinyl acetate was not greatly improved. The stability of retinyl acetate may depend on its location in the structure. Various oils were added for further stabilization and isopropyl myristate was most effective. In practice, retinyl palmitate showed better stability in the same vesicle than retinyl acetate, and the improved vesicles could be used for the anti-wrinkle cosmetics

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2007

An experimental apparatus was constructed to obtain vapor-liquid equilibrium data for $CO_2/oil$ mixtures using mass analysis method with sample cylinder. Lubricants employed were POE (poly-ol ester) and PAG (poly alkylene glycol). The phase equilibria of $CO_2/oil$ mixtures prevailed in an equilibrium cell were observed through a couple of sight glasses at the opposite ends. Data were obtained over the temperatures $-10^{\circ}C,\;-5^{\circ}C,\;0^{\circ}C,\;5^{\circ}C,\;10^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C,\;60^{\circ}C,\;and\;80^{\circ}C$ under pressures up to 14 MPa and then mole fractions were calculated, respectively In general, more solubility of $CO_2$ is observed in POE than in PAG. Miscibility gap is closed for $CO_2/POE$ mixture but not for $CO_2/PAG$.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2006

The Korean Green Building Certification System was activated from 2005. The purpose of it is to improve the quality of residential unit. Recently, people stay inside of building more than for 90% of a day Accordingly, it is really important for them to make the quality of Indoor Environmental better, in brief, to develop the indoor environmental factor in KGBC is important. One of the best way to develop the system is to do research based on POE because the area of problem can be realized. Accordingly, we get the information about POE from another research for the part of the indoor environment for residential unit to have the critical mind about the KGBC, and tried to compare the factors to another which is from foreign Green Building Certification System such as LEED, BREEAM, GBTool, After they have been analyzed, we could find that some of factor need to be revised and added. Also, there was one problem that many part of factor was created without any consideration of direction of each space in residential unit.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.197-212
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• 2020

In this study, POE(Post Occupancy Evaluation) evaluation indexes were selected into six categories through the consideration of theories and prior research. Therefore, qualitative supply can be achieved through POE according to the aspect of residential environment after the quantitative supply of mixed-use apartment complex by the population concentration in Seoul due to industrialization and urbanization. As the evaluation elements, detailed survey contents were selected for livability, convenience, comfort, safety, economy, and sociality. Based on the survey contents, six elements were evaluated and analyzed using Data coding and Likert scale after surveying 12 complexes (Urban areas and non-urban areas) in Seoul. As a result of the study, six categories selected as the POE showed that importance of quality of life and safety was developed in high recognition according to high satisfaction with convenience and safety. Sociality showed the lowest satisfaction in the following order : livability, comfort, economy and sociality. Residents' sense of community, interaction with neighborhood, etc., showed low satisfaction, and it seems that it is necessary to improve and supplement the system for the development of mixed-use apartment complex in the future. The detailed characteristics of livability showed high satisfaction of the living room, the front door and the main room which are main uses of housing, and low satisfaction in storage size. The analysis of convenience is that convenient public transportation was the highest, and educational environment and additional facilities were the lowest, showing the advantages and disadvantages of location characteristics. As a result of the analysis of comfort, satisfaction with the landscape area was low and it seems that green space is needed for the development of mixed-use apartment complex in the future. Lastly, regarding the safety, the satisfaction of the access control, the location of security office, etc. were high, however separation of circulation was low. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly separate the circulation between the residence and other facilities in the mixed-use apartment complex.