• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2003

Paranasal sinusitis has many different kinds of symptoms ; rhinorrea, cough. post nasal drip. headache, etc. In some cases, patients, mostly adults, had no symptom except headache. We treated a 8-year-old child who only complained headache without any other symptoms related in nasal disease. Her symptoms ; headache, nausea, vomiting and general weakness, showed typical type of disease which were due to phlegm. So we diagnosed her headache as a " Headache due to phlegm". Interestingly, her PNS images were diagnosed as bilateral maxillary sinusitis. After one and a half month treatment with herb-med and Aroma oil, the patient got free from all symptoms and her PNS images showed no abnormality.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2018

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis has been reported in Graves' disease patients treated with antithyroid drugs (ATDs), especially propylthiouracil. ATD-induced ANCA-associated vasculitis usually involved the kidneys followed by the respiratory organs and skin. The treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis induced by ATDs is to stop ATD therapy immediately, which often leads to an overall good prognosis. We report a case of ANCA-associated vasculitis in the peripheral nerves of the lower extremities in a 66-year-old woman who was treated with methimazole (MMI) for Graves' disease. To our knowledge, this is the third case of peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement of ATD-induced vasculitis and the first case of PNS vasculitis associated with MMI.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2010

This paper describes a visualization technique that animates geometrical defect data that are extracted using a magnetic flux leakage (MFL) operating system on nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Since data are collected from different locations and often not regular, the data must be converted to the standard format that is used within the pipeline in visualization procedures. In order to navigate inside of the pipeline, 3D virtual objects are generated and are able to explore the pipeline continuously. The major objectives of this paper are to characterize, generate general shape of defects, and enable computer interaction in virtual environment. Pipeline navigation system (PNS) has introduced the framework for interactive visual applications based upon the principles of modeling 3D objects. PNS presents some preliminary efforts to enable the user to interact human and computer with each other.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2020

Purpose: This study investigated the position of the hyoid bone and its relationship with airway dimensions in different skeletal malocclusion classes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 180 participants were categorized based on the A point-nasion-B point angle into class I, class II, and class III malocclusions. Eight linear and 2 angular hyoid parameters(H-C3, H-EB, H-PNS, H-Me, H-X, H-Y, H-[C3-Me], C3-Me, H-S-Ba, and H-N-S) were measured. A 3-dimensional airway model was designed to measure the minimum cross-sectional area, volume, and total and upper airway length. The mean crosssectional area, morphology, and location of the airway were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Pearson correlation test, with P values <0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: The mean airway volume differed significantly among the malocclusion classes(P<0.05). The smallest and largest volumes were noted in class II (2107.8±844.7 ㎣) and class III (2826.6±2505.3 ㎣), respectively. The means of most hyoid parameters (C3-Me, C3-H, H-Eb, H-Me, H-S-Ba, H-N-S, and H-PNS) differed significantly among the malocclusion classes. In all classes, H-Eb was correlated with the minimum cross-sectional area and airway morphology, and H-PNS was correlated with total airway length. A significant correlation was also noted between H-Y and total airway length in class II and III malocclusions and between H-Y and upper airway length in class I malocclusions. Conclusion: The position of the hyoid bone was associated with airway dimensions and should be considered during orthognathic surgery due to the risk of airway obstruction.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권6A호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2005

암호화된 인터넷 전화 단말기의 통화품질 측정을 하기위해 실험환경을 구성하여 캡슐화에 따른 지연을 실험한 결과 구현 인터넷 전화기와 일반 VoIP 전화기와의 지연시간의 차이는 최대 5ms 이하였다. 이러한 지연시간의 대부분은 VPN의 터널링을 위한 패킷 캡슐화에 소요되는 지연시간으로 예상할 수 있다. 따라서 일반 VoIP 전화기와 본 연구에서 제시한 VPN을 적용한 VoIP 전화기와의 통화품질의 차이는 무시할 만하였다. 또한 하나의 패킷당 프레임 개수를 다르게 하여 통신하는 동안 네트워크 전체 패킷의 크기를 구하여, PAC과 PNS사이의 캡슐화 과정이 네트워크 부하에 가장 많은 영향을 주는 요소로 작용한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최적의 패킷 당 프레임 수를 산출하기 위해 패킷에 할당 하는 프레임 개수를 증가시켜 통화 품질에 문제가 없는 종 단간 지연을 150ms 이내로 할 때, 패킷 당 프레임 개수는 $2{\sim}3$개가 적합하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2005

우리은하 속의 행성상성운들의 운동자료를 분석하여, 은하 회전의 운동학적 특성과 진화에 대한 단서를 제공한다. 우리는 THE STRASBOURG-ESO CATALOGUE OF GALACTIC PLANETARY NEBULAE에 주어진 자료 502개를 이용하여 행성상성운의 운동학적 특성을 분석하였다. 은경($\iota$)이 $0^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;180^{\circ},\;270^{\circ}$인 4방향과 태양의 향점과 배점의 총 6방향에 대한 특성적인 평균시선속도 $(V_r)s$를 구하였다. 행성상성운들은 향점에서 69.0 km/s로 태양에 접근하고, 배점$(56{\circ},\;236{\circ})$에서 64.1km/s로 멀어지고 있는 경향을 보였다. z 방향으로 행성상성운의 분포를 보면 은하면 아래쪽에 더 많이 분포하지만, 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 우리은하에 속한 천체 중 제 3세대인 행성상성운들의 회전속도 성분이 태양에 비해 상대적으로 느림을 알 수 있는데 이는 4세대 별인 태양이 제 3세대 별들과 조우할 수 있음을 암시한다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.96-107
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medicine on olfactory disorders due to chronic sinusitis. Methods : Two patients with chronic sinusitis complaining of olfactory disturbances, nasal obstruction, and purulent discharge were treated with herbal medicines and acupuncture treatment. The nasal endoscopic examination and paranasal sinuses x-ray series (PNS x-ray) were performed. In addition, numeral rating scale (NRS) of olfactory disturbances and degrees of nasal obstruction and purulent discharge were evaluated. Results : In cases 1 and 2, NRS of olfactory disturbances decreased from 9 to 1. Nasal obstruction and purulent discharge decreased to no symptoms or intermittent level at moderate or severe level. The endoscopic findings and PNS x-ray findings were improved after treatments. Among various treatments of Korean medicine, Gamitonggyu-tang may play a crucial role in the reduction of sinusitis and olfactory disorders. Conclusions : This case report can be used as a basis for the use of Korean medicine, Gamitonggyu-tang, for olfactory disorder due to chronic sinusitis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.304-316
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• 2018

Purpose: The indication of elective neck treatment (ENT) for clinically N0 (cN0) paranasal sinus (PNS) carcinoma remains unclear. We aimed to investigate different treatment outcomes regarding ENT and propose optimal recommendations for ENT. Materials and Methods: We identified patients with cN0 PNS carcinoma who underwent curative-intent treatment between 1992 and 2015. Survival outcomes and pattern of failure were compared between patients who received ENT and those who did not. We sought to identify significant patient or pathologic factors regarding treatment outcomes. Results: Among 124 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 40 (32%) received ENT ('ENT (+) group') and 84 (68%) did not ('ENT (-) group'). With a median follow-up of 54 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 67%, and the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 45%. There was no significant difference between the ENT (+) and ENT (-) groups regarding OS (p = 0.67) and PFS (p = 0.50). Neither group showed a significantly different pattern of failure, including regional failure (p = 0.91). There was no specific benefit, even in the subgroups analysis by tumor site, histologic type, and T stage. Nevertheless, patients who ever had regional and/or distant failure showed significantly worse prognosis. Conclusion: ENT did not significantly affect the survival outcome or pattern of failure in patients with cN0 PNS carcinomas, showing that ENT should not be generalized in this group. However, further discussion on the optimal strategy for ENT should continue because of the non-negligible regional failure rates and significantly worse prognosis after regional failure events.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.269-283
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• 1998

Paranasal sinusitis, especially chronic is one of the most common diseases in the field of otolaryngology. It is similar to Bee Yeun(鼻淵) in oriental medicine. Most cases of sinusitis are due to anatomical abnormalities within ostiomeatal unit or disturbed mucocilliary flow. The ostiomeatal unit is the first place of contact with bacteria and allergens during aspiration, and it can be obstructed easily by minute mucosal swelling due to anatomical narrowness. Therefore the treatment of paranasal sinusitis is not easy and often leads to recurrences in spite of long term treatment or surgical therapy. We studied 83 patients who had visited our hospital with complaints of nasal symptoms; they had been diagnosed as having paranasal sinusitis through an endoscopy or CT scan in another hospital and were diagnosed as the paranasal sinusitis through a PNS series. The results were as follows: 1. Age and sex distribution: The most common occurence was found between 6-10 and 1-5 years old. The Males Were 52($62.7\%$) and Females were 31($37.3\%$). 2. By residence 58 cases lived in apts: 25 lived in houses. 3. The longest duration of disease varied from a lower of 13 to a higher of 36 months in 22 cases and from 7 to 12 months in 21 cases. 4. The most common complication & past history with otolaryngologic or allergic disease were adenoid or tonsil hypertrophy & tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (21 cases). In decreasing order the others were atopic dematitis, otitis media with effusion and allergic rhinitis. 5. Distribution of paranasal sinus disease was most common in both maxillary sinuses in 52 cases. 12 cases showed a normal PNS X-ray series but these had been diagnosed as paranasal sinusitis with an endoscopy or CT scan in another hospital. 6. Common sinusitis - related symptoms were from highest incidence to lowest nasal obstruction, postnasal drip rhinorrhea, frontal headache, cough with sputum. 7. The most administered of prescription was Gamibangpoongtongsungsan and Sunbangpaedoksan extract. 8. In 26 cases the subjects showed significant improvement symptoms in PNS X-ray series : In 21 case showed partial improvement symptoms.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2011

이 연구에서는 프리캐스트 콘크리트용으로 공장에서 생산되며 그 동안 국내에서 많이 사용되어온 음이온계 계면활성제의 일종인 나프탈렌 설폰산염계(Poly-Naphthalene Sulfonate Type) 혼화제와 국내 J사에서 개발된 조강형 폴리카본산계(Polycarboxilic Type) 혼화제인 WF2000의 성능을 평가하였다. 실험결과에 의하면, WF2000은 PNS계보다 20% 줄어든 사용량에도 제품이 가지고 있는 높은 감수율과 고온에서 콘크리트 응결의 촉진효과 및 우수한 분산작용으로 인하여 작업성의 개선되었으며 PHC 파일의 조기강도와 장기강도 발현에 유리하였다. 그리고 감수력과 유지력의 조절이 가능하여 원재료의 변동 및 환경조건의 변화에 적절한 대응이 가능한 혼화제로 하절기의 생산성과 작업성 저하 그리고 성형성 불량의 문제 및 동절기의 응결지연으로 인한 조기강도의 저하에 대한 문제 해결 등에 유리하였다.