• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the tibialis anterior, soleus, gluteus maximus, transverse abdominis muscle activity of tibialis anterior, soleus, gluteus maximus, transverse abdominis according to pronated foot and supinated foot. Methods : Group of pronation and supination were taped using augmented low-day method to make pronated and supinated foot the three case were assessed by agnostic radiology for investigating foot structure. Results : 1) When supinated foot & pronated foot, tibialis anterior & gluteus maximus muscle activity was augmented in one step. 2) When supinated foot & pronated foot, soleus & transverse abdominis muscle activity was decreased in one step. 3) When supinated foot & pronated foot, tibialis anterior & gluteus maximus muscle activity was augmented in squat. 4) When supinated foot & pronated foot, soleus muscle activity was decreased in squat. 5) When pronated foot, transverse abdominis muscle activity was decreased in squat. 6) When supinated foot, transverse abdominis muscle activity was augmented in squat. 7) When pronated foot, transverse abdominis & gluteus maximus & tibialis anterior muscle activity was augmented in sit to stand. 8) When supinated foot, transverse abdominis & gluteus maximus & tibialis anterior muscle activity was decreased in sit to stand. 9) When supinated foot & pronated foot, soleus muscle activity was decreased in sit to stand. Conclusion : 1) Pronated foot & supinated foot effects on soleus, gluteus maximus, transverse abdominis muscle activity in one step. 2) Pronated foot & supinated foot effects on tibialis anterior, gluteus maximus, transverse abdominis muscle activity in squat. 3) Pronated foot & supinated foot effects on soleus, transverse abdominis muscle activity in sit to stand. Therefore we suggest the deformity of the foot effects on tibialis anterior, soleus, gluteus maximus, transverse abdominis muscle activity.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this research was to research on Needs for the Construction of the CSFT(Cluster with a Strongpoint for Field Training) on students and professors of health-related majors. Methods : We investigated 164 students and professors using a self-reporting method with experience of Field Training. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 for window version. Results : It showed that educational satisfaction had scored 4.05 in curriculum, 4.00 in environment, 3.52 in schedule, 3.71 in evaluation and 3.71 in teaching and 3.84 in industrial-college systems for Field Training. Needs for the Construction of the CSFT had scored 4.17 in $mean{\pm}standard$ deviation. Conclusion : Characterization of Nursing, Department of Health and local health care environment and conditions, if you think the quality of education for the Department of Health Nursing, gradually, the acquisition and improvement of the base hospital is necessary. Therefore, it is considered to be institutionalized by installing the strongpoint hospital at least one in each region, so that they can contribute to the improvement of people's health.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate thigh muscle-bone CSA and leg strength during low-intensity exercise program with leg blood flow restriction by external compression to reduce muscle outflow. Methods : Eighteen health students gave informed written consent to participate in this investigation. An occlusion cuff was attached to the proximal end of the leg so that blood flow was reduced during the training. The training was conducted one times a day, three times a week, for 8 weeks using one sets of 30 minutes. The training program performed to squat with standing, lunge with standing and heel raise with one leg standing. Measurements of thigh muscle-bone CSA(cross-sectional area) and leg strength were evaluated pre and post-training. Statistical evaluation of these data was accomplished utilizing a paired t-test by SPSS 12.0 program for windows. Significance level was set at p <.05. Results : All data are reported as means and standard deviations(SD) for all variables. The result of the study is followed; After the training, muscle-bone CSA, gluteus maximus m, quadriceps m, hamstring m of both legs were significantly improved but not calf muscle(p<.05). There was no significant difference of change quantity between muscle-bone CSA and leg strength in Lt. and Rt. side. But the variation in leg muscle strength of Rt. leg(dominant) was much more increased than Lt. leg(non-dominant) after 8 weeks training. Conclusion : Low-intensity training with leg blood flow restriction offers a potentially useful method for improving leg muscle strength.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2020

Purpose: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in using blood flow-restricted exercise (BFRE) or KAATSU training. The KAATSU training method, which partially restricts arterial inflow and fully restricts venous outflow in the working musculature during exercise at reduced exercise intensities, has been proven to result in substantial increases in both muscle hypertrophy and strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proper level of pressure for KAATSU training using compound muscle action potential (CMAP) analysis. Methods: Twenty-two healthy adults voluntarily participated in this study. CMAP was conducted by measuring the terminal latency and amplitude using a motor nerve conduction velocity test. For reference-line, supramaximal electrical stimulation was applied to the median nerves of the participants to obtain CMAP for the abductor pollicis brevis. For baseline, the intensity of the electrical stimulation was decreased to a level at which the CMAP amplitude was about a third of the CMAP amplitude obtained by the supramaximal electrical stimulation. The pressure levels for the KAATSU were set as a systolic blood pressure (strong pressure), the median values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (intermediate pressure), and diastolic blood pressure (weak pressure). In the KAATSU condition, CMAP was performed under the same conditions as baseline after low-intensity thumb abduction exercises were performed at the subjects' own pace for one minute. Results: As the pressure increased, the CMAP amplitude was significantly increased, signifying that more muscle fibers were recruited. Conclusion: This study found that KAATSU training recruited more muscle fibers than low-intensity exercise without the restriction of blood flow.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2020

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how healthcare is delivered worldwide and has affected the environment of the healthcare. Physical therapy in traditional healthcare systems can be difficult in unusual circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Tele-physical therapy, defined as "the delivery of the physical therapy at a distance using electronic information and telecommunication technologies," will be a solution for this healthcare crisis. Thus, in this study, we proposed a mobile application for tele-physical therapy. Methods: This study used the Chrome Browser version 83.0.4 based on the Windows 10 64Bit operating system to use the App Inventor. To operate the mobile application, we used the Samsung Galaxy Note 9. The design of the mobile application was based on the review of a system used in the physical therapy department. Results: The graphical user interface (GUI) of the mobile application was displayed on three screens: selecting a painful joint (1st screen of the GUI); selecting a painful movement of the joint (2nd screen of the GUI); a self-manual therapy method and movie (3rd screen of the GUI). The proposed mobile application showed the stable repeatability of the self-manual therapy movie. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the proposed mobile application using the App Inventor for android will be able to create easy to use and reliable tele-physical therapy.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of robot-assisted gait training on the active ranges of motion, gait abilities, and biomechanical characteristics of gait in patients who underwent lower extremity surgery, and to verify the effectiveness and clinical usefulness of robot-assisted gait training. Methods: This study was conducted on 14 subjects who underwent lower extremity surgery. The subjects participated in robot-assisted gait training for 2 weeks. The active ranges of motion of the lower extremities were evaluated, and gait abilities were assessed using 10-m and 2-min walk tests. An STT Systems Inertial Measurement Unit was used to collect data on biomechanical characteristics during gait. Spatiotemporal parameters were used to measure cadence, step length, and velocity, and kinematic parameters were used to measure hip and knee joint movement during gait. Results: Significant improvements in the active ranges of motion of the hip and knee joints (flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction) and in the 10-m and 2-min walk test results were observed after robot-assisted gait training (p < 0.05). In addition, biomechanical characteristics of gait, spatiotemporal factors (cadence, step length, and velocity), and kinematic factors (gait hip flexion-extension, internal rotation-external rotation angle, and knee joint flexion-extension) were also significantly improved (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study are of clinical importance as they demonstrate that robot-assisted gait training can be used as an effective intervention method for patients who have undergone lower extremity surgery. Furthermore, the findings of this study are clinically meaningful as they expand the scope of robot-assisted gait training, which is currently mainly applied to patients with central nervous system conditions.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2022

Purpose: Pes planus is a common foot deformity that involves the loss of the medial longitudinal arch. The medial longitudinal arch deformity is usually asymptomatic; however, it can lead to an increased risk of pain and injury. Low-Dye taping is designed to treat plantar heel pain and pes planus. However, low-Dye taping is relatively complex, and a considerable amount of time is required to apply the tape correctly. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of two different types of taping (low-Dye taping and modified Mulligan taping) on arch reformation, plantar pressure, and gait characteristics in participants with asymptomatic flexible pes planus. Methods: Twenty subjects (9 males and 11 females; mean age = 21.95 years) with asymptomatic flexible pes planus voluntarily participated in this study. Arch reformation was evaluated using navicular height measurements. Changes in plantar pressure distribution were measured using BioRecue equipment. Gait parameters were measured using spatiotemporal data collected during consecutive gait cycles using a G-WALK device. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the three different conditions (i.e., bare foot, low-Dye taping, and modified Mulligan taping) for each variable. Results: Navicular height was significantly increased in subjects who underwent the two types of taping compared to those who experienced the bare foot condition. The plantar pressure was significantly shifted to the posterolateral area after modified Mulligan taping compared with the bare foot condition. There were no significant differences in the gait parameters. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that modified Mulligan taping has a similar effect to low-Dye taping, and modified Mulligan taping is a simpler method than low-Dye taping.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2023

Purpose: Weakness of the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO), or the imbalance between VMO and vastus lateralis muscle (VL) activity, is one of the most important factors in knee joint problems. Rigid taping techniques, such as patellar inhibition taping and VL inhibition taping, are frequently used in clinical practice to treat knee joint problems. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of three different types of taping (patellar inhibition taping (PIT), distal VL inhibition taping (DVLIT), and proximal VL inhibition taping (PVLIT)) on electromyography (EMG) activity of VMO, VL, and VMO:VL ratio during walking. Methods: Thirty-eight normal healthy subjects (38 males; mean age = 31.00 years) voluntarily participated in this study. EMG was applied to investigate muscle activation during walking. Repeated measures of ANOVA and one-way ANOVA compared the three different conditions (PIT, DVLIT, and PVLIT) for each variable. Results: VMO and VL activation were significantly increased after PTIT application, and VMO and VL activation were significantly decreased after DVLIT and PVLIT application. The VMO:VL ratio increased after the three types of taping application, but there were no significant differences among the three types of taping. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, PTIT is more effective than DVLIT and PVLIT in increasing the muscle activation of the VMO and VL during walking. Also, DVLIT is more effective for increasing the VMO:VL ratio and has beneficial effects on the imbalance between VMO and VL activity.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the immediate effects of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback training of the gluteus medius on dynamic balance during single leg squats in healthy individuals. Methods: The sample size in this study was estimated using the G-power program at an effect size of 0.4, a significance level (α) of 0.05, and a testing power of 0.90. In addition, as a result of considering the 10% dropout rate, this study recruited 21 healthy individuals (8 males and 13 females). All subjects measured the Y-balance test-lower quarter (YBT-LQ) and limits of stability (LOS) before and after a single leg squat (SLS) and SLS with EMG biofeedback training of the gluteus medius (SLSEB). They were trained for 10 minutes for each exercise, and two dynamic balance tests were performed three times. Results: There was a significant difference in the YBT-LQ score between the two exercises (p < 0.05). In the YBT-LQ score, there was a significant difference before and after SLS and SLSEB (p < 0.05). SLSEB showed a significantly higher YBT-LQ score than SLS (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in LOM between the two exercises (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two exercises. Conclusion: A single-leg squat with EMG biofeedback exercises is an effective method to improve dynamic balance, such as the YBT-LQ.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of the diaphragm stretching technique as a treatment method for low back pain by evaluating maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and changes in back mobility in patients with low back pain. Methods: Thirty-four patients with low back pain were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The diaphragm stretching technique was conducted in the experimental group, and the placebo intervention was conducted in the control group. The diaphragm stretching technique was conducted once, maintaining tension for 7 min. The placebo intervention was conducted in the same position as the diaphragm stretching technique, but with only light contact maintained without pressure. Maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility were measured before and after the intervention, and the changes were compared and analyzed. A paired sample t-test was used to compare measurements within the group before and after the intervention. An independent t-test was used to compare the experimental and control groups. Statistical significance (α) was set at 0.05. Results: In the experimental group, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility increased significantly after the intervention (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the changes in all areas of the control (p > 0.05). As a result of comparative analysis of changes before and after the intervention, there were significant differences in maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility only in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The diaphragm stretching technique improved maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility compared to the placebo intervention. Therefore, the diaphragm stretching technique can be recommended as a physical therapy intervention to improve pain in patients with LBP.