• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Purpose: Parenteral nutrition (PN)-associated cholestasis (PNAC) is one of the most common complications in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors of PNAC in VBLWIs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 322 VLBWIs admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013. We excluded 72 dead infants; 6 infants were transferred to another hospital, and 57 infants were transferred to our hospital at 2 weeks after birth. The infants were divided into the cholestasis and the non-cholestasis groups. PNAC was defined as a direct bilirubin level of ${\geq}2.0mg/dL$ in infants administered with PN for ${\geq}2weeks$. Results: A total of 187 VLBWI were enrolled in this study; of these, 46 infants developed PNAC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of PNAC in VLBWI were longer duration of antimicrobial use (odds ratio [OR] 4.49, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.42-4.58), longer duration of PN (OR 2.68, 95% CI 2.41-3.00), long-term lack of enteral nutrition (OR 2.89, 95% CI 2.43-3.37), occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (OR 2.40, 95% CI 2.16-2.83), and gastrointestinal operation (OR 2.19, 95% CI 2.03-2.58). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that shorter PN, aggressive enteral nutrition, and appropriate antimicrobial use are important strategies in preventing PNAC.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.972-976
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• 2006

목 적 : 극소 저출생 체중아에서 총정맥영양에 의한 담즙정체는 중요한 합병증 중 하나이다. 총정맥영양에 의한 담즙정체에 영양을 미치는 인자들은 여러 가지가 있으며, 그중 아미노산의 조성이 총정맥영양을 시행 받은 극소 저출생 체중아의 담즙정체 발생에 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 1월부터 2004년 12월까지 동아대학교의료원 신생아 중환자실에 입원한 극소 저출생 체중아 중에서 일주일이상 총정맥영양을 시행 받은 환아 63명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 2000년 1월부터 2002년 6월까지의 연구 대상을 제1군으로, 2002년 7월부터 2004년 12월까지의 연구대상은 제1군과는 cysteine, tyrosine, taurine, glutamate 등의 성분이 차이가 있는 아미노산 제제를 사용하여 제2군으로 분류하였다. 제1군과 제2군의 임상적 특징과 총정맥영양에 의한 담즙정체의 빈도를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 제1군(n=32)과 제2군(n=31)의 재태연령($29.7{\pm}2.7$주, $29.5{\pm}2.8$주), 출생체중($1,195.6{\pm}200.4g$, $1,177.0{\pm}224.0g$) 및 총정맥영양 시작시기($16.1{\pm}8.5$일, $14.8{\pm}7.7$일), 총정맥영양의 기간($25.7{\pm}13.5$일, $25.4{\pm}12.1$일), 제공된 아미노산의 양($1.45{\pm}0.49$g/kg/일, $1.65{\pm}0.89$ g/kg/일), 완전장관영양 도달시기($59.9{\pm}23.2$일, $61.0{\pm}18.0$ 일)에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 총정맥영양과 관련된 담즙정체의 빈도는 제1군은 7례(21.9%), 제2군은 2례(6.5 %)로 제2군에서 감소되는 경향을 보였으나 통계학적 의미는 없었다(P=0.148). 두 군 간의 최고 직접 빌리루빈 수치($1.62{\pm}1.18mg/dL$, $1.04{\pm}1.05mg/dL$, P=0.046)와 평균 직접 빌리루빈 수치($0.78{\pm}0.46mg/dL$, $0.52{\pm}0.29mg/dL$, P=0.012)는 각각 제2군에서 의미 있게 낮았다. 결 론 : 총정맥영양을 시행 받은 극소 저출생 체중아에서 생기는 총정맥영양에 관련된 담즙정체를 비교한 결과, 아미노산 조성의 차이에 따라 담즙정체의 발생 빈도에 차이가 있었으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었고, 직접 빌리루빈 수치는 의미 있게 감소하였다. 그러나 좀 더 많은 연구 대상을 통한 연구가 필요하리라 생각한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.694-700
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• 2010

Purpose: To assess the validity of individual and combined prognostic effects of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), brain injury, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis(PNAC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 80 extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Severance Children's Hospital, and who survived to a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks. We analyzed the relationship between 4 neonatal morbidities (severe BPD, severe brain injury, severe ROP, and severe PNAC) and poor outcome. Poor outcome indicated death after a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks or survival with neurosensory impairment (cerebral palsy, delayed development, hearing loss, or blindness) between 18 and 24 months of corrected age. Results: Each neonatal morbidity correlated with poor outcome on univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratios (OR) were 4.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-22.6; $P$=0.044) for severe BPD, 13.2 (3.0-57.3; $P$<.001) for severe brain injury, 5.3 (1.6-18.1; $P$=0.007) for severe ROP, and 3.4 (0.5-22.7; $P$=0.215) for severe PNAC. Severe BPD, brain injury, and ROP were significantly correlated with poor outcome, but not severe PNAC. By increasing the morbidity count, the rate of poor outcome was significantly increased (OR 5.2; 95% CI, 2.2-11.9; $P$<.001). In infants free of the above-mentioned morbidities, the rate of poor outcome was 9%, while the corresponding rates in infants with 1, 2, and more than 3 neonatal morbidities were 46%, 69%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: In ELBW infants 3 common neonatal mornidifies, severe BPD, brain injury and ROP, strongly predicts the risk of poor outcome.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.270-281
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• 2010

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is necessary to neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for survival and growth because of impossible of enteral feeding. Long-term TPN can be associated with a broad spectrum of hepatobiliary disorder, ranging from mild hepatic dysfunction to severe end-stage liver disease. Cholestasis developed most commonly in neonate, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is widely used in adult with cholestatic and non-cholestatic liver diseases but there have been limited data on the effects in neonate with PNAC. This study was performed retrospectively to review all medical histories of the total 30 neonates with was administrated UDCA for treatment to parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC) at Chungbuk National University Hospital NICU from April 2002 to December 2008. UDCA was administrated at bilirubin is over 2 mg/dl. The criterias for drug evaluation were included hepatic biochemical marker such as direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT, TPN therapy period, cholestasis development period, UDCA treatment period, UDCA dosage and adverse effect. In the results, Post-UDCA treatment significant was decreased direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, AST and ALP (p<0.05), and was decreased GGT (p>0.05) and slightly was increased ALT (p>0.05). Reffective timect biDCA was appear at mean $10.5{\pm}1.3$ days, iDCA administration period was mean $64.4{\pm}5.9$ days, cholestasis period was mean $71.9{\pm}6.4$ days and UDCA dosage was mean $22.9{\pm}0.9$ mg/kg/day. Common adverse effects is diarrhea, 5 patients arised mild diarrhea but it possible also related with increased enteral feeding. In conclusion, iDCA can decrease direct bilirubin that major parameter t bcholestasis and oher hepatic biochemical makers. UDCA is effective on PNAC without any serious side effect and cost-effective. Although no greatly shortening cholestasis period, but can protect to develop into severe liver disease and other complication or death. Based on these result, UDCA is recommended for treatment of cholestasis at direct bilirubin is over 2 mg/dl.