• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.449-460
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• 2014

Since the emergence of domestically produced automobiles in 1964, the number of automobiles in circulation in South Korea has increased constantly. With this rapidly increasing number of automobiles, automobile-induced environmental pollution has become an issue of great concern, especially with regard to air pollution. Of the carbon composites contained in automobile exhaust gas, PAHs are known to be carcinogenic and highly deleterious to humans and thus need to be urgently mitigated. To address this issue of PAHs, this study was conducted to estimate qualitative of particulate PAHs contained in carbon composites in automobile exhaust gas, by capturing all particulate matter discharged from the latter. To allow for differentiated analyses, the automobiles investigated were divided into 4 groups: gasoline vehicle, motocycle, diesel vehicle, and LPG vehicle. Samples were analyzed using two methods. First, in-depth analysis was performed on organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) composites with analysis parameters, using the Thermal Optical Transmittance Method (NIOSH 5040). Second, for the examination of particulate PAHs, GC/MSD was used to analyze the 16 PAH species specified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The analyses yielded the findings that diesel vehicles had the highest mass concentration ($2,007{\mu}g/m^3$), followed by motocycle ($1,066{\mu}g/m^3$), LPG vehicle ($392{\mu}g/m^3$), and gasoline vehicles ($270{\mu}g/m^3$). The highest carbon concentrations in total particulate matter by vehicle weight were produced from LPG vehicle (79.8%), followed by gasoline vehicle (77.4%), motocycle (69.8%), and diesel vehicle (59.1%).

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2018

Purpose: Diabetic foot gangrene has a high morbidity rate and a great influence on the quality of life. Amputation is an appropriate treatment if conservative treatment is impossible according to the severity of gangrene and infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for the postoperative outcome. Materials and Methods: From February 2013 to April 2016, among 55 patients with diabetic foot gangrene, who require surgical treatment, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed on patients with an ankle brachial index (0.9 and stenosis) 50% on angiographic computed tomography. The study subjects were 49 patients, comprised of 37 males (75.5%) and 12 females (24.5%). The mean age of the patients was $70.0{\pm}9.6years$. The treatment results were followed up according to the position and length of the lesion and the changes during the follow-up period. Results: As a result of angiography, there were 13 cases of atherosclerotic lesions in the proximal part, 11 cases in the distal part and 25 cases in both the proximal and distal parts. As a result of the follow-up after angiography, in 13 patients, the operation was not performed and only follow-up and dressing were performed around the wound. Sixteen patients underwent debridement for severe gangrene lesions and 20 patients, in whom the gangrene could not be treated, underwent amputation (ray amputation or metatarsal amputation, below knee amputation). Conclusion: Preoperative percutaneous angioplasty in diabetic foot gangrene patients with peripheral vascular occlusive disease is simple, and 59.2% of the patients with diabetic foot gangrene could be treated by conservative treatment or debridement.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2012

Purpose: For trauma patients, an early-transport and an organized process which are not delayed in hospital stage are necessary. Our hospital developed a procedure, the trauma Critical Pathway (CP), through which a traumatic patient has the priority over other patients, which makes the diagnostic and the therapeutic processes faster than they are for other patients. Methods: The records of patients to whom Trauma CP were applied from January 1, 2011 through April 15. 2012. were reviewed. We checked several time intervals from ER visiting to decision of admission-department, to performing first CT, to applying angio-embolization, to starting emergency operation and to discharging from ER. In addition, outcomes such as duration of ICU stay, hospital stay and mortality were checked and analyzed. Results: The trauma CP was applied to a total of 143 patients, of whom, 48 patients were excluded due to pre-hospital death, ER death, transferring to other hospital and not severe injury. Thus 95 patients (male 64, 67.3%) were enrolled in this study. Fifty-nine patients(62.1%) were injured by the traffic accident. The mortality rate was 10.5% and the mean Revised Trauma Score (RTS) of the patients was $6.4{\pm}2.0$. After visiting ER, decision making for admission was completed, on average, in 3 hours 10 seconds. The mean time intervals for the first CT, angio-embolization, surgery and discharge were 1 hour 20 minutes, 5 hours 16 minutes, 7 hours 26 minutes and 6 hours 13 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: The trauma CP did not show the improvement of time interval outcome, as well as mortality rate. However, this test did show that the trauma CP might be able to reduce delays in procedures for managing trauma patients at the university-based hospitals. To find out the benefit of CP protocol, a large scaled data is required.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.911-917
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• 2004

배경: 하지심부정맥 혈전증의 원인으로 알려져 있는 May-Thurner증후군(혹은 장골정맥 눌림증후군)의 임상 증상, 진단 및 혈관내 치료에 대해 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 3월부터 2003년 7월까지 May-Thurner증후군으로 진단 받은 12명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였으며 진단방법으로는 정맥조영술, 정맥초음파, 혈관조영 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 이용하였고 혈관내 시술은 혈전용해술, 혈전제거술, 혈관성형술, 혈관내 스텐트삽입 등을 시행하였다. 결과: 임상양상으로는 하지부종이 4예, 하지의 통증이 1예에서 보였으며 5예에서는 하지부종과 통증이 동반되었고 하지부종과 통증과 압통이 동반된 경우도 1예였다. 1예에서는 부종이나 통증은 없었으며 하지정맥류로 인해 시행한 정맥조영술에서 May-Thurner증후군이 발견되었다 진단방법으로는 임상양상과 더불어 1예를 제외하고는 모든 환자들이 정맥 조영술과 혈관조영 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 시행하였고 이중 4예에서는 정맥 초음파를 시행하였다. 혈관성형술을 11예에서 시행하였고, 혈관내 스텐트 삽입은 10예, 혈전 제거술은 9예, 혈전용해술은 7예에서 시행되었다. 9예에서 추적관찰을 하였고 이중 7예에서 혈관내 원활한 혈류의 흐름을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결론: 하지의 심부정맥 혈전증 환자에 있어서 May-Thurner증후군의 가능성을 충분히 인식하여야 하며 이의 진단을 위하여 다양한 방법이 필요하며 치료 방법으로는 혈관내 시술이 안전하면서 효과적이라고 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.465-472
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• 1994

저온에서 볍씨종자의 발아증진을 도모하기 위하여 파종 전 종자를 PEG용액에 삼투처리 하였다. 발아율을 높이기 위한 가장 적절한 PEG-6000의 농도는 20%였으며, 침지하는 동안 온도는 20${\pm}1^{\circ}C$ 를 유지하였다. 본 실험에서 사용된 종자는 신운봉벼(조생종), 간척벼(중생종), 동진벼(중만생종)종자였는데 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. PEG 용액에 60시간 침지한 후 종자의 수분함량은 증류수에 24시간 침지한 후의 수분함량과 거의 같았다. 2. PEG용액에 침지한 종자의 발아능은 증류수에 침지한 종자의 발아능에 비해 특히 저온에서 현저히 높았다. 3. PEG 용액에 침지했던 종자 침출물의 전기전도도는 증류수에 침지했던 종자나 대조구보다 그 값이 낮았고, 총 탈수소효소 활성은 증류수에 침지했던 종자나 대조구보다 그 값이 높았다. 4. 배의 단백질 함량을 보기 위해 전기영동한 결과, PEG 용액에 침지한 종자는 68KD부근 band에서 증류수에 침지한 종자나 대조구보다 약간 진한색을 보였다. 5. 전기영동에 의한 배의 동위효소 조성을 본 결과 peroxidase는 신운봉벼와 간척벼에서 공통적으로 Rf 0.94에서 PEG용액에 침지한 종자가 증류수에 침지한 종자나 대조구보다 진한색을 보였고, esterase는 세 품종 공통적으로 Rf 0.87에서 peroxidase와 비슷한 양상을 보였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1989

This study was carried out to study influence of antioxidants on serum and tissue of rats fed with thermally oxidized oil. The experimental animals used 30male rats of sprague-dawley weighting $150{\pm}25g$. They are divided into 5 groups and fed to experimental diets which are composed of 15％ thermally oxidized oil in addition to ascorbic acid, Vitamin E, Ethylendintrioteraaceticacid(EDTA) and none added oxidized oil by heat and fresh soybean oil group. Thermally oxidized oil was prepared from the soybean oil by heating at $180^{\circ}C$ for 30 hours. After feeding for 4 weeks, the result are as follows; 1. Body weight gain were lower B diet group than A diet group. 2. Total cholesterol levels in serum of all experimental diet groups except B diet group were higher than that of A diet group. 3. HDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental diet groups except E diet group were lower than that of A diet group. 4. The activities of GOT, GPT in serum of all experimental diet groups except B diet group and D diet group were higher than that of A diet group. 5. Vitamin E levels in serum of E diet group were highest than that of all experimental diet groups, and Vitamin E levels in liver of A diet group were highest than that of all experimental diet groups. 6. Lipid peroxide in Serum were highest B diet group than that of all experimental diet groups and the other experimental diet group significantly lower than that of the A diet group. 7. Lipid peroxide in liver of all experimental diet group except E diet group were significantly higher than that A diet group and lipid peroxide in kidney of all experimental diet group except B diet group were lower than that of A diet group. Four these results, as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and EDTA added diets have effect of thermally oil by antioxidants, it could be suggested that thermally soybean oil diet has required to add antioxidant because it has not sufficient Vitamin E for antioxidant and intake and overtake level of thermally soybean oil diet should be studied to go ahead.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2005

Genomic DNA samples isolated from Fenneropenaeus chinensis (fleshy prawn; FP) and Palaemon gravieri (Chinese ditch prawn; CDP) collected in the West Sea, off the Korean Peninsula, at Buan, were PCR-amplified repeatedly. The sizes of the DNA fragments generated by seven different primers varied from 50 bp to 1,600 bp. We identified 358 fragments for the FP species and 301 fragments for the CDP species. There were 18 polymorphic fragments (5.03$\%$) for the FP species and 12 (3.99$\%$) for the CDP species. In total, 66 common fragments (average of 9.4 fragments per primer) were observed for the FP species and 44 fragments (average of 6.3 fragments per primer) were observed for the CDP species. The numbers of specific fragments seen for the FP species and CDP species were 38 and 47, respectively. The complexity of the banding patterns varied dramatically between the primers and the two species. In the FP species, a specific fragment of approximately 1,200 bp generated by primer OPB-04 exhibited inter-individual-specific characteristics that were indicative of DNA polymorphisms. Moreover, in the CDP species, a major fragment of approximately 550 bp generated by primer OPB-20 was found to be specific for the CDP. The average bandsharing value between the two prawn species was 0.421$\pm$0.006, and ranged from 0.230 to 0.611. The dendrogram obtained using the data from the seven primers indicated seven genetic clusters: cluster 1, FLESHY 01, 02, 03, and 04; cluster 2, FLESHY 05, 06, and 07; cluster 3, FLESHY 08, 09, 10, and 11; cluster 4, DITCH 13, 14, 16, and 18; cluster 5, DITCH 12, 15, and 17; cluster 6, DITCH 19, 20, and 21; and cluster 7, DITCH 22. The genetic distance between the two prawn species ranged from 0.071 to 0.642. Thus, RAPD-PCR analysis revealed a significant genetic distance between the two prawn species. Using various arbitrary primers, RAPD-PCR may be applied to identify specific/polymorphic markers that are particular to a species and geographic population, and to define genetic diversity, polymorphisms, and similarities among shrimp species.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2005

새롭게 개발되어진 소프트 스위칭 3상 PM 정류기는 간단한 회로 구성과 고효율을 가지고 있다. 제안한 회로는 ARCP 컨버터의 한 종류이다. 기존의 ARCP 컨버터는 3상 보조 리액터와 소프트 스위칭 보조 회로를 6개의 보조 스위치, 각 스위치의 게이트 구동 회로, 제어회로가 필수적이나 결과적으로 이 회로는 높은 손실을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 주 회로는 두 개의 보조 리액터와 두 개의 스위치와 각각의 다이오드로 구성되는 보조 소프트 스위칭 회로이다. 부가적으로 두 개의 주 스위치와 간단한 보조 스위치의 제어회로는 PWM 제어 회로로 만들어지며, 공통으로 사용하였다. 소프트 스위칭 보조 회로의 작용을 의미하며, 주 스위치는 WS로 동작되고, 보조스위치는 ZCS로 동작된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 회로의 구성과 동작 원리를 설명하였으며, 실험결과에 의해서 증명하였다 용랑5[kW]의 시작품을 사용하여 변환효율은 최대$98.8[\%]$과 역률$99[\%]$를 얻었다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

목 적: 본 연구는 정신분열병의 결핍증후군과 비결핍증후군이 다른 생물학적 동등성을 가진 독립된 질환일 수 있다는 가설 아래 quantitative EEG와 standardized LORETA (sLORETA)를 이용한 전기생리학적인 방법을 통하여 생물학적 병인을 파악하고자 시도되었다. 방 법: 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 42명의 뇌파를 비교 분석하였으며 그 중 결핍증후군 환자군은 남자 10명과 여자 11명이었고 비결핍증후군 환자군은 남자 12명, 여자 9명이었다. 주파수 대역은 delta(1.5~4 Hz), theta(4~8 Hz), alpha(8~12 Hz), low beta(12~15 Hz), high beta(15~30 Hz)의 5가지로 분할하였고 EEG LAB을 이용한 파워스펙트럼 분석 및 standardized sLORETA software package를 이용하여 신호원을 국소화 하였다. 결 과: 파워 스펙트럼 분석에서 결핍증후군 집단은 비결핍증후군과 비교하였을 때 전두엽, 두정엽 및 측두엽 영역에서 delta파와 theta파의 유의한 활성도 증가를 보였으며 뇌파 스펙트럼은 간편 정신상태 평정 척도 중 철퇴/지연과 적대/의심 항목의 임상적인 특징과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. sLORETA분석 결과에서는 배측 전대상피질에서 결핍증후군에서 유의하게 delta파의 활성도가 증가되었다. 결 론: 결핍증후군은 비결핍증후군과는 연관된 뇌 영역이 다를 수 있으며 특히 전두엽 영역의 신경회로 이상이 일차적 음성증상에 영향을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the fermentative characteristics of wheat bran inoculated with a starter culture of direct-fed microbes as a microbial wheat bran (DMWB) feed additive. Wheat bran was prepared with 1% (w/w, 0.5% Lactobacillus plantarum and 0.5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae) starter culture treatment (TW) or without starter culture as a control (CW). Those were fermented under anaerobic conditions at $30^{\circ}C$ incubation for 3 days. Samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days to analyze chemical composition, microbial growth, pH, and organic acid content. Chemical composition was not significantly different between CW and TW (p > 0.05). In TW, the number of lactic acid bacteria and yeast increased during the 3 days of fermentation (p < 0.05) and the population of lactic acid bacteria was significantly higher than in CW (p < 0.05). After 3 days, the number of yeast in TW was $7.50{\pm}0.07log\;CFU/g$, however, no yeast was detected in CW (p < 0.05). The pH values of both wheat bran samples decreased during the 3 days of fermentation (p < 0.05), and TW showed significantly lower pH than CW after 3 days of fermentation (p < 0.05). Contents of lactic acid and acetic acid increased significantly at 3rd day of fermentation in TW. However, no organic acids were generated in CW during testing period. These results suggest that 3 days of fermentation at $37^{\circ}C$ incubation after the inoculation wheat bran with starter culture makes it possible to produce a direct-feed with a high population of lactic acid bacteria at more than $10^{11}CFU/g$.