• 농업과학연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2007

본 연구는 돼지 난포란의 체외배양액과 배발달배양액에 성장인자인 EGF와 IGF-I을 각각 0, 1, 5 및 10 ng/ml 첨가배양함으로서 돼지 난포란의 체외성숙과 체외배발달에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 돼지 난포란을 체외성숙배양액인 NCSU-23 배양액에 EGF와 IGF-I을 각각 0, 1, 5 및 10 ng/ml 첨가배양하여 성숙을 유기한 다음, 체외수정을 실시한 결과, 모든 처리구에서 핵성숙률, 정자침투율, 웅성전핵형성률, 다정자 침입률 및 평균침입정자수에서 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 2. 체외수정을 실시한 후, 배발달배양액인 NCSU-23에 7일간 배양한 결과, 배반포형성률은 EGF첨가군이 각각 $11.2{\pm}1.5%$, $15.0{\pm}0.8%$, $16.8{\pm}2.8%$ 및 $21.4{\pm}2.0%$로서 10 ng/ml의 첨가군이 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높은 결과를 나타냈으며, IGF-I첨가군도 $10.7{\pm}1.4%$, $12.8{\pm}2.0%$, $16.0{\pm}2.5%$ 및 $21.9{\pm}2.4%$로서 10 ng/ml의 첨가군이 유의적으로 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 또한, 총세포수에 있어서도 EGF첨가군이 $22.8{\pm}3.7$개, $25.7{\pm}5.5$개, $26.0{\pm}4.2$개 및 $35.1{\pm}4.7$개, IGF-I첨가군은 $21.5{\pm}3.7$개, $25.2{\pm}2.8$개, $26.2{\pm}2.9$개 및 $33.2{\pm}3.6$개로서 각각 10 ng/ml 첨가군이 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 3. 돼지 난포란을 체외성숙 기본배양액인 함유된 NCSU-23 배양액에 44시간동안 체외성숙을 유기한 다음, 체외 수정용배양액인 mTBM에 정자와 같이 6시간동안 공배양함으로서 체외수정을 유기한 후, 배발달배양액인 NCSU-23에 EGF와 IGF-I을 각각 0, 1, 5 및 10 ng/ml 첨가하여 7일간 배양한 결과, 배반포기 도달률은 EGF첨가군에서 각각 $14.0{\pm}1.7$개, $16.2{\pm}1.4$개, $16.9{\pm}1.2$, $23.1{\pm}1.6$개로서 10 ng/ml 첨가군이 유의적으로 높은 결과를 나타냈고, IGF-I첨가군도 각각 $13.6{\pm}1.7$개, $15.7{\pm}4.5$개, $16.0{\pm}0.2$개 및 $25.0{\pm}0.8$개로 10 ng/ml군이 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높은 결과를 나타냈으며, 총세포수에 있어서는 EGF첨가군이 각각 $21.8{\pm}2.9$개, $25.2{\pm}2.8$개, $39.7{\pm}2.7$개 및 $46.2{\pm}3.6$개로 10 ng/ml첨가군이 유의적으로 높은 결과를 나타냈고, IGF-I첨가군도 $20.7{\pm}2.9$개, $26.2{\pm}2.9$개, $24.6{\pm}2.4$개 및 $46.1{\pm}3.5$개로 10 ng/ml 첨가군이 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, EGF와 IGF-I은 돼지 난포란의 체외성숙과 배발달과정에 영향을 미치며 특히, 10 ng/ml의 농도에서 효과적인 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2019

Objectives: Subway is one of the most common transportation modes in Seoul, Korea. The objectives of this study were to determine characteristics of in-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in Seoul Metro Line Number 2 and to identify factors of the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration. Methods: In-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in Seoul Metro Line Number 2 were measured using real-time monitors and the factors affecting $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in cabin were observed. Linear regression analysis of in-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio were performed. Results: In-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was associated with the in-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in previous station. In-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was correlated with ambient $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and associated with underground station with control of the in-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in previous station. I/O ratio increased as the number of passengers increased and when passing through the underground station with control of I/O ratio in previous station. Conclusion: In-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was affected by ambient $PM_{2.5}$ concentration. Therefore, management of in-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations should be based on outdoor air quality.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.925-931
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• 2018

The characteristics of $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and Ratio($PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$) of 11 urban air monitoring stations in Gyeongnam were analyzed for the last 3 years('15~'17). The average of the all stations was $PM_{10}\;45{\mu}g/m^3$, $PM_{2.5}\;24{\mu}g/m^3$ and Ratio 0.54, and annual reduction rates were $PM_{10}-2.9%$, $PM_{2.5}-2.7%$ and Ratio -1.2%, respectively. The seasonal characteristics of $PM_{10}$ were spring $54{\mu}g/m^3$ > winter $48{\mu}g/m^3$ > summer/autumn $40{\mu}g/m^3$, $PM_{2.5}$ were spring/winter $26{\mu}g/m^3$ > summer 23 > autumn $22{\mu}g/m^3$ and Ratio were summer 0.56 > winter 0.55 > autumn 0.54 > spring 0.51, respectively. The hourly characteristics of $PM_{10}$ were $11{\mu}g/m^3$ higher than 09:00~12:00 at 03:00~06:00, $PM_{2.5}$ were $6{\mu}g/m^3$ higher than 09:00~12:00 at 17:00~18:00 and Ratio were 0.07 higher than 04:00~06:00 at 19:00. By site, the highest concentration of $PM_{10}$ was YJ site $53{\mu}g/m^3$ and $PM_{2.5}$ was HW site $28{\mu}g/m^3$. And Ratio at HD site showed the largest reduction from '15 0.62 to '17 0.52.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.469-485
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• 2003

본 연구는 최근 선진국에서 기존의 미세먼지 규제대상인 PM10의 대안으로서 부각되고 있는 PM2.5의 국내 실측자료를 대상으로 미세먼지의 호흡기질환 영향을 투입반응함수를 통해 추정한 것이다. 총 3차에 걸친 110여 일의 조사기간 동안 일별 PM10, PM2.5, 온도, 습도 등을 측정하였으며, 동시에 해당 지역에 거주하는 80여명의 노인들을 대상으로 일별 역학조사 및 설문조사를 통한 각종 호흡기질환 여부를 확인하였다. 미세먼지에 따른 호흡기 반응을 나타내는 최대호기유속량(PEFR)에 대한 투입반응함수 추정 결과 미세먼지인 PM2.5에 대한 계수는 음의 값을 갖는 것으로 추정되어 미세먼지의 증가는 호흡기능의 저하를 통해 호흡기질환을 유발할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 10여 가지 항목에 대한 호흡기질환 증세 유무를 대상으로 이산적 선택모형인 probit모형 추정 결과 PM10은 유의한 추정치를 보이지 않은 반면, PM2.5의 증가는 각종 호흡기질환의 증가를 가져오는 것으로 추정되었다. 이는 PM2.5가 정부의 대기정책에 있어 보다 바람직한 미세먼지 규제대상이 될 수 있음을 시사하는 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1013-1023
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of spacio-temporal variation for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in Busan. $PM_{10}$ concentration has been reduced for the past three year and exceeded $50\;{\mu}g/m^3$ of the national standard for $PM_{10}$. $PM_{2.5}$ concentration showed gradual decrease or stagnant trends and exceeded the U.S. EPA standard. Seasonal analysis of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ suggested spring>winter>fall>summer(by Asian dust) and winter>spring>summerenlifall(by anthropogenic effect) in the order of high concentration, respectively. Characterization of diurnal variations suggests that $PM_{10}$ levels at all the three sites consistently exhibited a peak at 1000LST and $PM_{2.5}$ at Jangrimdong experienced the typical $PM_{2.5}$ diurnal trends such that a peak was observed in the morning and the lowest level at 1400LST. In the case of seasonal trends, the $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratio was in the order of summer>winter>fall>spring at all the study sites, with a note that spring bears the lowest concentration. During AD events, $PM_{10}$ concentration exhibited the highest level at Jangrimdong and the lowest level at Joadong. And $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratio in AD was 0.16~0.28.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.717-726
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• 2018

미세먼지는 대기오염 중 심각한 질병을 야기할 수 있는 대기오염 원인물질이다. 이에 대부분의 연구는 위성영상을 활용하거나 모델링 기법을 이용하여 지역적 미세먼지 분포경향을 분석하였다. 하지만 측정소값을 기준으로 공간보간기법을 적용하여 분석하는 방법은 국내에서 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 서울시 39개의 미세먼지 측정망을 기준으로 2018년도 서울시의 1월, 2월, 3월, 4월 $PM_{10}$과 $PM_{2.5}$의 월별 공간적인 분포 변이를 분석하였다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 분포도를 기반으로 $PM_{10}$과 $PM_{2.5}$의 차이값을 보여주는 분포도를 제작하였으며, $PM_{10}$의 배출량이 많은 지역과 $PM_{2.5}$의 배출량이 많은 지역을 선정하였다. 또한 $PM_{10}$과 $PM_{2.5}$의 분포를 비율로 계산하여 분포지도를 제작함으로 각 지역별 $PM_{10}$과 $PM_{2.5}$의 상호관계를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 공간분석 기법을 통하여 서울시 $PM_{10}$과 $PM_{2.5}$를 분석하는 공간적 분포변이 결과를 해석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 $PM_{10}$은 도로변 측정소에 높은 측정값을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.603-612
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to estimate the emission characteristics for PM, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ in the various stationary sources. The particulate matters collected in the various stationary sources such as power plants (Coal and B-C oil), incinerators(municipal and industrial waste), and glass furnaces. The PM and $PM_{10}$, PM and $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected using the cyclone type $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ samplers and 30 species(19 inorganic species, 9 ionic species, OC and EC) were analyzed by ICP, IC, and TOR/IMPROVE methods. The mass concentrations of PM, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ from nine stationary sources ranged $0.63{\sim}9.58mg/Sm^3$, $0.26{\sim}7.47mg/Sm^3$ and $0.13{\sim}6.34mg/Sm^3$, respectively. The level of $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ portion in PM calculated 0.63~0.99, 0.38~0.94, respectively. In the case of emission trend for species, power plant showed high concentrations for Al, Mg, Na, Si, V and $SO_4{^{2-}}$, respectively. Also, Ca, Fe, K, Si, $Cl^-$, and $K^+$ showed high in incinerator. In the case of glass furnace, Na, Pb, K, Si, $Na^+$ and $SO_4{^{2-}}$ represented high concentrations. Power plant showed higher EC/OC concentrations than other sampling sites. These results suggest the possible role for complement establishment process of emission inventory and emission management for PM.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

The public's concern on ambient $PM_{2.5}$ has been increasing in Korea. We have estimated (1) the annual and monthly mean $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, (2) the frequency by the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration interval, and (3) the high concentration occurrence duration time between 2015 and 2018 at 16 administration regions. We found that there have been differences in all three above parameters' trends among the studied 16 regions in Korea. Still, Jeonbuk showed the highest rank in all three parameters' trends. In Jeonbuk, the average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and the sum of the frequency fraction when the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration being over $75{\mu}g/m^3$ between 2016 and 2018 was $28.4{\mu}g/m^3$ and 9.0%, respectively. And the days when the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration is over $50{\mu}g/m^3$ between 2015 and 2018 were 149. Chungbuk was the only region with the increasing trend of $PM_{2.5}$ concentration between 2016 and 2018. And in Seoul and Gyeonggi, the average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations decreased whereas the high concentration frequency fraction increased between 2016 and 2018. Also, it is found that there have been differences in the trends of the frequency by the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration interval and the high concentration occurrence duration time between $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between fine dust(PM10.5, PM2.5) and the number of acute/chronic sinusitis patients. Methods : A simple regression analysis was performed based on the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 as independent variables and the number of acute/chronic sinusitis patients as dependent variables. Results : As a result of simple regression analysis, if PM10 increases by $1{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of acute sinusitis patients increases by 7,000.291(P<.001, 95%CI :4,951.983-9,048.600). If PM2.5 increases by $1{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of acute sinusitis patients increases by 17,524.476.(P<.001, 95%CI:9,728.725-25,320.228) In addition, PM10 increases by $1{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of acute sinusitis patients increases by 3,163.471 (P<.001, 95% CI:2,268.642-4,058.301). If PM2.5 increases by $1{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of chronic sinusitis patients increases by 8,651.644.(P<.001, 95%CI:5,115.697-12,187.592) Conclusions : Both PM10 and PM2.5 are correlated with changes in the number of sinusitis patients. PM2.5 has effect on the number of patients than PM10. PM10 is the highest correlation in their 50s, PM2.5 in their 60s and 70s.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.327-340
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• 2007

The $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ aerosols were collected at Busan from March to May, 2005, and the concentrations of some metallic elements were analysed to study their characteristics. The mean concentration of $PM_{10}$ was $66.5{\pm}23.0{\mu}g/m^3$ with a range of 22.2 to $118.1{\mu}g/m^3$. The mean concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was $46.1{\pm}17.2{\mu}g/m^3$ with a range of 9.7 to $83.3{\mu}g/m^3$. The ratio of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ was 0.69 at Busan. The distribution of metallic elements for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were Cd${\ldots}$ ${\ldots}$ $PM_{10}$ were $94.9{\mu}g/m^3$ and $63.7{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. And The mean mass concentrations of Asian dust and non Asian dust in $PM_{2.5}$ were $56.9{\mu}g/m^3$ and $45.1{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The mean values of crustal enrichment factors for five elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, V and Zn) were all higher than 10, possibly suggesting the influence of anthropogenic sources. The soil contribution ratios for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were 20.5% and 19.4, respectively.