• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2019

The recent climate change is exacerbating the external thermal environment and increasing the amount of energy used in building. Energy Plus was used to evaluate low energy technology performance of buildings responding to climate change. The test types of basic building(control) and evaporative mist system + basic building(EMS), and the analysis results of each type are compared. Energy performance evaluation result, Cooling peak load were EMS reduction compared to control is about 9%. Annual cooling load per unit area were EMS reduction compared to control is about 17%. Annual energy use per unit area were EMS reduction compared to control is about 10%. Therefore, the effect of the evaporative cooling system is considered to be good through energy reduction technology of building, according to the amount and distance of the evaporative mist system in the future research on building energy performance evaluation should be carried out.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

In this paper, we developed the web content of statistical analysis using statistical package and Active Server Page (ASP). A statistical package is very difficult to learn and use for non-statisticians, however, non-statisticians want to do analyze the data without learning statistical packages such as SAS, S-plus, and R. Therefore, we developed the web based statistical analysis contents using S-plus which is the popular statistical package and ASP. In real application, we developed the web content for various statistical analyses such as exploratory data analysis, analysis of variance, and time series on the web using water quality data. The developed statistical analysis web content is very useful for non-statisticians such as public service person and researcher. Consequently, combining a web based contents with a statistical package, the users can access the site quickly and analyze data easily.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2024

In light of the rapid development of the space industry, there has been increased attention on small satellites. These satellites rely on components that are considered to have lower reliability compared to larger-scale satellites. As a result, predicting reliability becomes even more crucial in this context. Therefore, this study aims to compare three reliability prediction techniques: MIL-HDBK-217F, RiAC-HDBK-217Plus, and FIDES. The goal is to determine a suitable reliability standard specifically for nano-satellites. Furthermore, we have refined the quality assurance factors of the manufacturing company. These factors have been adjusted to be applicable across various industrial sectors, with a particular focus on the selected FIDES prediction standard. This approach ensures that the scoring system accurately reflects the suitability for the aerospace industry. Finally, by implementing this refined system, we confirm the impact of the manufacturer's quality assurance level on the total failure rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.705-713
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• 2024

This article discusses studies and real-world experiences related to the clinical application of artificial intelligence-based computer-aided detection (AI-CAD) software (LuCAS-plus, Monitor Corporation) in detecting pulmonary nodules. During clinical trials for lung cancer screening, AI-CAD exhibited performance comparable to that of medical professionals in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Studies revealed that applying AI-CAD for diagnosing pulmonary metastases led to high detection rates. The use of a nodule matching algorithm in diagnosing pulmonary metastases significantly reduced false non-metastasis results. In clinical settings, implementing AI-CAD enhanced the efficiency of pulmonary nodule detection, saving time and effort during CT reading. Overall, AI-CAD is expected to offer substantial support for lung cancer screening and the interpretation of chest CT scans for malignant tumor surveillance.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2004

Proper finishing/polishing of dental restorations are critical clinical procedures that enhance both esthetics and longevity of restored teeth. This study was to compare the effects of immediate and delayed finishing/polishing procedures on the surface roughness and surface hardness of tooth-colored restoratives including two microfilled composite resins, such as Filtek A110 and Silux Plus, two hybrid composite resins, such as Revolution formular2 and Palfique Estelite. A total of 48 specimens were made for each material. The first 16 specimens served as the control group and the remaining 32 specimens were randomly divided into two equal groups. The control group was stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 week after light polymerization against the Mylar sheet. The first experimental group was finished/polished immediately after light polymerization and stored for 1 week in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$, whereas the while the second group was finished/polished 1 week after light polymerization and stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$. The results were as follows: 1. The smoothest surface was produced by Mylar sheet and finishing/polishing procedure increased the surface roughness. However, the surface roughness of composite resins were not influenced by the finishing/polishing timing. 2. There were significant differences about surface roughness between Revolution formular 2 and Silux Plus, regarding immediate finishing/polishing, and between Palfique Estelite and Silux Plus regarding delayed finishing/polishing(p<0.05). 3. The sequence of the surface hardness was ascending order by Revolution formular 2, Silux Plus, Filtek A110 and Palfique Estelite. However there were no significant differences about hardness among the control group and two finishing/polishing timing groups. 4. The effects of finishing/polishing time on surface roughness and hardness appeared to be material-dependent.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2002

흑색 색소를 형성하는 그람음성 혐기성 세균은 급성 임상 증상을 가진 환자의 근관에서 자주 발견되는 세균으로서 세균 및 세균의 성분과 산물이 치근단 병소의 생성과 밀접하게 연관된 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 흑색 색소를 형성하는 그람음성 혐기성 세균 중 가장 발현율이 높은 Prevotella nigrescens가 배양된 세포에 미치는 세포 독성을 연구하고자 하였다. 두 가지 세포주 및 사람의 치은섬유모세포를 일차배양하여 사용하였으며, 세포주에 따른 독성 발현에 차이가 있는지를 비교하였다. P. nigrescens ATCC 33563 표준 균주 및 임상 균주로는 환자의 감염된 근관으로부터 165 rRNA primer를 사용한 중합효소 연쇄반응으로 P. nigrescens 6 균주를 동정하여 사용하였다. 세균배양액, 세균의 초음파 추출단백질 및 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)를 MC3T3-El 조골세포, NIH3T3 섬유모세포 및 치은섬유모세포에 첨가한 후 MTT분석법으로 세포의 활성을 측정하였으며, 세포의 형태학적 변화를 도립현미경으로 관찰하였다. 세균배양액을 100$\mu\textrm{l}$ 첨가한 경우는 세가지 세포주 모두에서 통계적으로 유의하게 세포의 활성을 억제하였다. 세균의 초음파 추출단백질 12.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 와 25$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 는 NIH3T3세포에 통계적으로 유의한 세포독성을 보였다. 세 가지 세포주에 대한 LPS의 세포 독성 효과는 첨가된 LPS의 농도 및 균주에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. 심하게 손상된 세포는 세포의 단일층이 수축되고 세포가 응집되었으며 세포가 배양용기의 바닥에서 떨어지는 양상이 도립 현미경하에서 관찰되었다. 본 연구의 결과 P. nigrescens가 숙주 반응을 조절하여 치수 및 치근단 병소의 유발 및 악화에 기여하는 세균으로 작용할 수 있음을 시사한다. 조직과 함께 제거하고 포르말린에서 48시간 고정시킨 후 파라핀에 포매한 다음에 micro-tome을 사용하여 6$\mu\textrm{m}$로 serial section을 시행하였다. 정중선 부위의 시편에 Hematoxylin-Eosin staining을 시행한 후 Olsson, Orstavik 그리고 Mjor 등의 방법에 따라 조직학적 변화를 관찰한 후 slight(1), moderate(2), severe inflammation(3)의 단계로 분류하였다. 얻어진 결과를 통계처리 프로그램인 Jandel사의 Sigmastat을 이용하여 Kruskal Wallis Test로 통계처리를 하였다. 결과 : (Table omitted) 결론 : 1) Pulp Canal Sealer를 제외한 모든 군에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의성 있게 염증이 감소되는 양상을 보였다(p<0.05). 2) Pulp Canal Sealer는 1주, 2주, 12주에서 강한 염증반응을 보였다. 3) AH 26과 AH Plus에서는 1주, 2주에서 강한 염증반응을 보였으나 12주에서는 염증반응이 감소하였다. 4) 새로 개발된 봉함제 Adseal-1,2는 1주, 2주에서는 가장 약한 염증반응을 보이나 4주, 12주 후에는 AH Plus와 비슷한 수준의 염증 반응을 보였다. 5) Pulp Canal Sealer를 제외한 모든 군에서 인정할 만한 생체친화성을 보였다. 6) Adseal-2가 Adseal-1에 비하여 전반적으로 낮은 염증반응을 보였다. 7) 각 군간 결과의 차이에 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05).mmunity. Then, a hierarchical language is to defeat its own purpose.중 행정부가 북한에 대해 실시한 포용정책이 어떠한 성과를 거두고 어떠한 문제점을 간과하고 있는가에 대해 논의하고, 대북 정책의 새로운 지평을 논의하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 1) 포용 정책은 세계의

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2006

Purpose The aims of this study were to evaluate micro-tensile bond strength of composite resin bonded to dentin following high-speed rotary handpiece preparation or Er:YAG laser preparation with two different adhesive systems and to assess the influence of different Er:YAG laser energies on the micro-tensile bond strength. Materials and Methods In this study, 40 third morlars were used. Flat dentin specimans were obtained and randomly assigned to eight groups. Dentin surfaces were prepared with one of four cutting types: carbide bur, Er:YAG laser (2 W, 3 W and 4 W) and conditioned with two bonding systems, Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (SM), Clearfil SE bond (SE) and composite resin-build ups were created. After storage for 24 hours, each specimen was serially sectioned perpendicular to the bonded surface to produce more than thirty slabs in each group. Micro-tensile bond strength test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Micro-tensile bond strengths (${\mu}TBS$) were expressed as means$\pm$SD. Data were submitted to statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls' multiple comparison test and t-test. Results and Conclusion 1. Regardless of bonding systems, the ${\mu}TBS$ according to cutting types were from highest to lowest : 3 W, 2 W, Bur, and 4 W. In addition, there was no significant difference between Bur and 4 W (p<0.001). 2. Regardless of cutting types, SM showed significantly higher ${\mu}TBS$ than SE (p<0.001). 3. Bonding to dentin conditioned with SM resulted in higher ${\mu}TBS$ for 3 W compared to Bur, 2 W, and 4 W. There was no significant difference between 2 W and Bur (p<0.001). 4. Bonding to dentin conditioned with SE resulted in higher ${\mu}TBS$ for 3 W compared to 2 W, 4 W, and Bur. Bur exhibited significant lower ${\mu}TBS$ than all other cutting types. There were no significant differences between 3 W, 2 W and between 4 W and Bur (p<0.001). 5. The ${\mu}TBS$ of laser cutting groups were shown in order from highest to lowest: 3 W, 2 W and 4 W in two bonding systems. There was no significant difference between 2 W and 3 W in SE (p<0.001). : The ${\mu}TBS$ of composite resin bonded dentin was significantly affected by interaction between the cutting type and bonding system. In the range of 2 W-3 W, cavity preparation of the Er:YAG laser seems to supply good adhesion of composite resin restoration no less than bur preparation. In particular, if you want to use the self-etching system, including Clearfil SE bond for the purpose of a simplification of the bonding procedures and prevention of adverse effects by excessive etching, an Er:YAG laser may offer better adhesion than a bur.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.496-523
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to evaluate the economic feasibility of two fast pyrolysis and biooil upgrading (FPBU) plants including feed drying, fast pyrolysis by fluidized-bed, biooil recovery, hydro-processing for biooil upgrading, electricity generation, and wastewater treatment. The two FPBU plants are Case 1 of an FPBU plant with steam methane reforming (SMR) for $H_2$ generation (FPBU-HG, 20% yield), and Case 2 of an FPBU with external $H_2$ supply (FPBUEH, 25% yield). The process flow diagrams (PFDs) for the two plants were constructed, and the mass and energy balances were calculated, using a commercial process simulator (ASPEN Plus). A four-level economic potential approach (4-level EP) was used for techno-economic analysis (TEA) under the assumption of sawdust 100 t//d containing 40% water, 30% equity, capital expenditure equal to the equity, $H_2$ price of $1050/ton, and hydrocarbon yield from dried sawdust equal to 20 and 25 % for Case 1 and 2, respectively. TCI (total capital investment), TPC (total production cost), ASR (annual sales revenue), and MFSP (minimum fuel selling price) of Case 1 were $22.2 million, $3.98 million/yr, $4.64 million/yr, and $1.56/l, respectively. Those of Case 2 were $16.1 million, $5.20 million/yr, $5.55 million/yr, and $1.18/l, respectively. Both ROI (return on investment) and PBP (payback period) of Case 1(FPBU-HG) and Case 2(FPBU-EH) were the almost same. If the plant capacity increases into 1,500 t/d for Case 1 and Case 2, ROI would be improved into 15%/yr.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.120-120
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• 2003

고능력 젖소와 보통능력 젖소의 번식능력을 비교하기 위하여 progesterone을 분석하여 분만후 초발정일을 추정하였고, 번식자료를 통하여 분만 후 번식성적을 조사하였으며, 또한 비유능력 및 Body condition score(BCS) 에 따른 $PGF_2a + PGF_2a+CIDR$ program 투입 효과를 구명하기 위하여 분만 후 40일째에 $PGF_2a$를 1차 처리한 후 발정이 발현되지 않은 개체에 대하여 1 차 처리후 14일째에 다시 2차 $PGF_2a$를 처리하였고 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리후에도 발정이 발현되지 않은 개체에 대하여 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리후 5일째에 CIDR plus를 처리하여 발정유기율을 조사분석하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만후 progesterone peak를 나타내는 일수는 각각 $38.8 \pm 11.1$ 및 $39.6 \pm 9.7$일로 거의 비슷한 경향을 나타내었음 나. 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만후 발정재귀일수는 각각 $99.4 \pm 71.6$ 및 $117 7 \pm 78.6$일로 고능력우에서 18.3일 늦어지는 경향이었음 다 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만후 수태일수에 있어서 각각 $145.9 \pm 102.8$및 $165.9 \pm 100.8$일로 고능력우에서 20일 늦어지는 경향이었음 라. 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만간격에 있어서 각각 421.5 \pm 107.2$ 및 $448.4 \pm 108.7$일로 고능력우에서 26.9일 늦어지는 경향을 나타내었음 마 보통능력우와 고능력우에 있어서 1차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 39.1% 및 60.0%, 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 42.9% 및 70.0%, CIDR plus 처리시 50.0% 및 66.7%의 발정 유기율을 나타내었음 바. BCS에 따라 $PGF_2a + PGF_2a+CIDR$ plus program을 투입한 결과 BCS 2.5 이하와 BCS 2.75-3.50에 있어서 1차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 47.4% 및 48.3%, 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 40.0% 및 66.7%, CIDR plus 처리시 각 각 50.0% 및 80.0%의 발정 유기율을 나타내었음

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.54-59
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• 2020

Coarse aggregate is produced in various ways depending on the location and production method. Currently, the construction industry is in need of a stable supply of coarse aggregate and a way to secure standard quality. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the use of coarse aggregate in 3D printing can help solve this problem. ABS filament was selected for use in 3D printing. CATIA was used for the design of the coarse aggregate, and CUBICON Single Plus was used for the production. Six specimens were produced and cured in water for 28 days. Three of them were made with AE agent, and three were made without it. A compressive strength test confirmed that when the AE agent was used, the compressive strength was greater than the lightweight concrete design criterion specified in the concrete standard specification. This suggests that coarse aggregate produced by a 3D printer may be used for lightweight concrete. A mass production system using this method could help to solve the problems facing the construction industry, such as stable supply and demand for coarse aggregate and securing standard quality.