• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.27-37
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• 2021

An individual vacuum consolidation system has gained a popularity for a ground improvement of soft clayey soil. Finite element anaylses have been performed to simulate the individual vacuum consolidation system using a Plaxis 2D. The modelling procedures of the vacuum consolidation system are presented with the results of an unit-cell analysis. In addition, a case study was carried out to assess the applicability of the Plaxis 2D for simulating the consolidation behavior of soft ground subjected to the individual vacuum pressure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.341-358
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• 2014

Uplift response of rectangular anchor plates has been investigated in physical model tests and numerical simulation using Plaxis. The behavior of rectangular plates during uplift test was studied by experimental data and finite element analyses in cohesionless soil. Validation of the analysis model was also carried out with 200 mm and 300 mm diameter of rectangular plates in sand. Agreement between the uplift responses from the physical model tests and finite element modeling using PLAXIS 2D, based on 200 mm and 300 mm computed maximum displacements were excellent for rectangular anchor plates. Numerical analysis using rectangular anchor plates was conducted based on hardening soil model (HSM). The research has showed that the finite element results gives higher than the experimental findings in dense and loose packing of cohesionless soil.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.321-340
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• 2014

Uplift response of symmetrical circular anchor plates has been evaluated in physical model tests and numerical simulation using Plaxis. The behavior of circular anchor plates during uplift test was studied by experimental data and finite element analyses in loose sand. Validation of the analysis model was also carried out with 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm diameter of circular plates in loose sand. Agreement between the uplift responses from the physical model tests and finite element modeling using PLAXIS 2D, based on 100 mm computed maximum displacements was excellent for circular anchor plates. Numerical analysis using circular anchor plates was conducted based on hardening soil model (HSM). The research has showed that the finite element results gives higher than the experimental findings in the loose sand.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.593-612
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• 2014

The uplift response of symmetrical square anchor plates has been evaluated in physical model tests and numerical simulations using Plaxis. The behavior of square anchor plates during uplift test was studied by experimental data and finite element analyses in loose sand. Validation of the analysis model was also carried out with 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Length square plates in loose sand. Agreement between the uplift responses from the physical model tests and finite element modeling using PLAXIS 2D, based on 100 mm computed maximum displacements was excellent for square anchor plates. Numerical analysis using square anchor plates was conducted based on the hardening soil model (HSM). The research has shown that the finite element results are higher than the experimental findings in loose sand.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.225-237
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• 2022

Settlement evaluation is important for shallow tunnels in big cities to estimate the settlement that occurs due to the excavation of twin tunnels. The majority of earlier research on analytical solutions, on the other hand, concentrated on calculating the settlement for a single tunnel. This research introduces a procedure to evaluate the settlement induced by the excavation of twin tunnels (two parallel tunnels). In this study, a series of numerical analysis were performed to validate the analytical solution results. Two geological conditions were considered to derive the settlement depending on each case. The analytical and numerical methods were compared, which involved considering many sections and conducting a parametric study; the results have good agreement. Moreover, a comparison of the 3D flat model and 2D (FEM) with the analytical solution shows that in the fill soil, the maximum settlement values were obtained by the analytical solution. In contrast, the values obtained by the analytical solution in the rock is more conservative than those in the fill. Finally, this method was shown to be appropriate for twin tunnels dug side by side by utilizing finite element analysis 3D and 2D (PLAXIS 3D and PLAXIS 2D) to verify the analytical equations. Eventually, it will be possible to use this approach to predict settlement troughs over twin tunnels.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2022

In this research, a series of dynamic numerical analysis were carried out for deep underground building structures under the various earthquake conditions. Dynamic numerical analysis model was developed based on the PLAXIS2D and calibrated with centrifuge test data from Kim et al. (2016). The hardening soil model with small strain stiffness (HSSMALL) was adopted for soil constitutive model, and interface elements was employed at the interface between plate and soil elements to simulate dynamic interaction effect. In addition, parametric study was performed for fixed condition and embedded depth. Finally, the dynamic behavior of underground building structure was thoroughly analyzed and evaluated.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.451-456
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• 2012

In this study, a numerical analysis to evaluate the reduction of seismic load due to pile group was performed and compared the peak ground acceleration(PGA) measured at free-field and foundation. The special attention was given to the amplification of seismic acceleration on the foundation due to the pile effects. The analysis considering pile effects was carried out for 4, 8 and 12 piles with same condition by PLAXIS 2D Dynamics. Based on the analysis results, it is found that the overall reduction in seismic load due to foundation and reduction rates are similar irrespective of pile numbers. This study gives a possibility for effective design of piled foundation by reducing seismic load about 20~25%.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.387-396
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• 2023

Ground subsidence, which is a current concern that affects piled raft foundations, has occurred at a high rate in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, due primarily to groundwater pumping for water supply. In this study, the groundwater level (GWL) change affect on a piled raft foundation was investigated based on the three-dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM) using the PLAXIS 3D software. The GWL change due to global groundwater pumping and dewatering were simulated in PLAXIS 3D based on the GWL reduction and consolidation. Settlement and the pile axial force of the piled raft foundation in Ho Chi Minh subsoil were investigated based on the actual design and the proposed optimal case. The actual design used the piled foundation concept, while the optimal case applied a pile spacing of 6D using a piled raft concept to reduce the number of piles, with little increased settlement. The results indicated that the settlement increased with the GWL reduction, caused by groundwater pumping and dewatering. The subsidence started to affect the piled raft foundation 2.5 years after construction for the actual design and after 3.4 years for the optimal case due to global groundwater pumping. The pile's axial force, which was affected by negative skin friction, increased during that time.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.629-641
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• 2024

The presence of excavations or cavities beneath the foundations of a building can have a significant impact on their stability and cause extensive damage. Traditional methods for calculating the bearing capacity and subsidence of foundations over cavities can be complex and time-consuming, particularly when dealing with conditions that vary. In such situations, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques provide effective alternatives. This study concentrates on constructing a prediction model based on the performance of ML and DL algorithms that can be applied in real-world settings. The efficacy of eight algorithms, including Regression Analysis, k-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Multivariate Regression Spline, Artificial Neural Network, and Deep Neural Network, was evaluated. Using a Python-assisted automation technique integrated with the PLAXIS 2D platform, a dataset containing 272 cases with eight input parameters and one target variable was generated. In general, the DL model performed better than the ML models, and all models, except the regression models, attained outstanding results with an R² greater than 0.90. These models can also be used as surrogate models in reliability analysis to evaluate failure risks and probabilities.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.455-466
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• 2020

This paper presents analysis of the interaction between tunnel and Qanat with a particular interest for the optimization of Qanat shape using the discrete element code, PFC2D, and the results will be compared with the FEM results of PLAXIS2D. For these concerns, using software PFC2D based on Discrete Element Method (DEM), a model with dimension of 100m ^⁎ 100 m was prepared. A circular tunnel with dimension of 9 m was situated 20 m below the ground surface. Also one Qanat was situated perpendicularly above the tunnel roof. Distance between Qanat center and ground surface was 8 m. Five different shapes for Qanat were selected i.e., square, semi-circular, vertical ellipse, circular and horizontal ellipse. Confining pressure of 5 MPa was applied to the model. The vertical displacement of balls situated in ground surface was picked up to measure the ground subsidence. Also two measuring circles were situated at the tunnel roof and at the Qanat roof to check the vertical displacements. The properties of the alluvial soil of Tehran city are: γ_dry=19 (KN/㎥), E= 750 (kg/㎠), ν=0.35, c=0.3(kg/㎠), φ=34°. In order to validate the DEM results, a comparison between the numerical results (obtained in this study) and analytical and field monitoring have been done. The PFC2D results are compared with the FEM results. The results shows that when Qanat has rectangular shape, the tensile stress concentration at the Qanat corners has maximum value while it has minimum value for vertical ellipse shape. The ground subsidence for Qanat rectangular shape has maximum value while it has minimum value for ellipse shape of Qanat. The vertical displacements at the tunnel roof for Qanat rectangular shape has maximum value while it has minimum value for ellipse shape of Qanat. Historical shape of Qante approved the finding of this research.