• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.368-377
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• 2017

This study investigated the possibility of application of the recently introduced cylindrical paper pot seedlings in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivation. The seedling growth, initial rooting after planting and accumulated fruit yield were investigated with the treatments of tray type (paper pot and plug) as a main factor, tray cell number (40 cell and 50 cell) as a sub-factor, and fertigation method (continuous fertigation and fertigation after 35 days sowing) as a sub-sub factor, respectively. The growth of pepper seedlings was significantly affected by tray type and fertigation method showing the highest value at 50 cell plug tray with continuous fertigation, and the effect of fertigation was greater than that of trays. 'Cheongyang', 'Daekwonseoneon' and 'Longgreenmat' cultivar showed all the same pattern in seedling growth. These three-cultivar seedlings were planted in plastic house and in open field in Jeonju area, respectively, and another 'Daekwonseoneon' seedlings raised Yeongyang local area was also planted at the same area. There was no difference in the rooting of 'Cheongyang' pepper at 2 weeks after planting in plastic house. The accumulated fruit weight was not significantly different between paper pot seedlings and plug seedlings in three cultivar grown in plastic house. However, that of 'Cheongyang' pepper showed higher at paper pot seedlings than plug seedlings and the other two cultivar were higher at plug seedlings in open field. 'Daekwonseoneon' pepper yield grown in open field in 'Yeongyang' area was not significant between paper pot seedlings and plug seedlings. In conclusion, the pattern of seedlings growth grown in the cylindrical paper pot was the same as those of the conventional plug seedlings and also fruit yield was similar between paper pot seedlings and plug seedlings even though minute difference among cultivars. These results suggest that pepper seedlings grown in paper pot should be highly applicable to pepper cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 1992

A cultivar of taro(Colocasia antiquorum var. esculenta Engl.), Tosutoran was cultivated with planting density 60×30 cm at the field of Kwang-ju located in Kyeong-ki province in 1989. The purpose of this experiment was to attain the basic information about the pattern of weed occurrence and the effect of weed control on yield by various treatments in taro field. Ethalfluralin(35 EC), Clomazone(47.1 EC), Paraquat(24.5 Lq.) fb Ethalfluralin and Paraquat fb Clomazone were treated except for untreated plot and hand weeding plot. Weeds occurred were 15 species in 12 families, the dominant weed species were Echinochloa crus-galli, Potulaca oleracea, Acalypha australis in taro field. Weed control effects were higher in combination treatments than in single treatments so the yield was higher in combination treatment than in single treatment. Yield of untreated plot was reduced to 91.8% by comparison with that of hand-weeding plot.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.96-109
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the role and the use of landscape architects as a core strategy in urban regeneration projects by project type. This study attempted to find ways to promote landscape architects' participation patterns and characteristics in promoting urban regeneration and revitalization plans. Among the New Deal projects, from 2017 to 2019, when the urban regeneration projects were promoted, a total of 822 projects with terms such as park, garden, landscaping, rest space, forest, greening, planting, and flowers were included, In this study, an integrated approach was applied, considering the status of landscape architects participation, a literature survey by project entity, analysis of prior research, revitalization plan reports, and interviews by project entity, and aspects and characteristics of landscape architects participation according to project type. The results were classified. In the urban regeneration projects, the landscape characteristics were analyzed in terms of hardware or software participation methods according to the project type, and the participation patterns and promotion measures of landscape architecture and ways to promote them identified in the course of the project are as follows. First, the role and participation pattern of landscape architects in urban regeneration projects differed depending on the type of project. As the prerequisites for each type of project, the subject of the project, the direction, the differentiation of the regeneration strategy for each project, and the level of participation of residents interacted in a complex way. The participation of landscape architects has changed and expanded its meaning and role. Second, the change and value of the expanded the participation method of landscape architects in the urban regeneration project and appeared as a multi-purpose and complex role in the process of a project, indicating that the value of landscape in the classical sense is changing and its substantive aspect depends on the type of project. Third, this study confirmed the importance of recognizing the role and value of 'landscape architecture' as a strategic and practical means of regeneration that can be utilized. Therefore, in order to promote the participation of landscape architects, diversification is required through changes in participation methods according to urban regeneration strategies for each project, rather than participation focused on hardware projects, such as park creation in terms of form and place. In addition, it was confirmed that the participation of landscape architects, which play an important role in fostering a sense of community among residents as an experience and activity program, should be further activated in terms of the process of the ideal way of existence. This study is meaningful in that it substantially grasps that the role of landscape architects is expanding as the subject of urban regeneration projects, and presents the direction for its promotion. Participation and research should be continued.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2014

We analyzed drainage water from coir substrate in which cucumber plants were grown in winter and elucidated changes in pH, EC, and major nutrients according to the growth stages to recommend nutrient solution management appropriate to each growth stage. From the analysis of drainage solution the growth stages of cucumber were desirable to be divided into two, planting to fruit setting and fruit setting to harvest in case of nutrient solution management. The time required was about 3 weeks from planting to the first fruit setting and thereafter 7~10 days more until the first harvest. Approximately every 3~4 days were needed until the upper flowers bloomed. The time required from fruit setting to harvest was not different much among flowers as cucumber plants grew. From the experimental results, EC of supplied solution was recommended to maintain a little high to $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ until before fruit setting and lower a little to $2.0{\sim}2.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ after that. Of course, the amount of solution supply should be increased as plants grew. In case of each nutrients, the recommendation of concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium were 700, 60, and $110mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ each until before fruit setting, and then 660, 50, and $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ each after fruit setting. The concentrations of potassium and magnesium are recommended to start from 400 and $80mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ until fruit setting and lower a little after that.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2016

Occurrence of oriental corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, and yield in a paddy-upland rotation field for 8 maize (Eolrukchal 1, Heugjeom 2, Miheukchal, Ilmichal, Heukjinjuchal, Chalok 4, Mibaek 2, Daehakchal) and 7 sorghum (Hwanggeumchal, Anzunbaengisusu, Moktaksusu, Sodamchal, DS-202, Nampungchal, Donganme) varieties has been surveyed. In a monitoring study using a pheromone trap carried out from 15 May to 10 September, the density of O. furnacalis adults increased rapidly from about 2 weeks after maize planting and reached the highest density at mid June. After that, their density was fluctuated a little at earlier September. The number of the damaged maize and invasive pores on the stem of 2 maizes and sorghum varieties was examined. The mean number of the damaged maize per 20 plants was 19 and 18 plants, and the number of invasive pores was 1.8 and 1.4 per maize stem in Daehakchal and Mibaek 2, respectively. In a survey carried out at harvest period using 8 maize varieties, the damaged ratio was 94%, 92%, 71%, 64%, 54%, 52%, and 45% in Daehakchal, Mibaek 2, Ilmichal, Eolrukchal 1, Chalok 4, Miheukchal, and Heugjeom 2, respectively. The number of invasive pore per Ilmichal stem was 1.4 and that of the others was less than 1.0 per stem. In addition, the damaged ratio of maize ears was 50% in Ilmichal, 40% in Heukjinjuchal, 37% in Daehakchal, etc. The damage pattern of 2 sorghum varieties, Nampungchal and Donganme, by O. furnacalis larvae was steeply increased from planting to 2 months and the trend was continued up to earlier August. At this time, the mean number of damaged sorghum was 13 and 9.2 plants for Nampungchal and Donganme, and the number of invasive stem pores was 1.06 and 0.46, respectively. In another survey carried out at harvest period for 7 sorghum varieties, their damaged ratio was 95% in DS-202, 76% in Moktaksusu, 75% in Sodamchal, 67% in Nampungchal, 57% in Anzunbaengisusu, 46% in Donganme, and 34% in Hwanggeumchal. The damage of sorghum varieties was much higher and severer than that of maizes by O. furnacalis larvae. The number of invasive pores on a sorghum stem was 1.7 in DS-202, 1.4 in Moktaksusu, 1.3 in Sodamchal, 1.1 in Nampungchal, 1.0 in Anzunbaengisusu, 0.5 in Donganme, and 0.4 in Hwanggeumchal. Meanwhile, there was no distinct connection between damaging results and yields of maizes and sorghums by O. furnacalis larvae in a paddy-upland rotation field. These results from this study can be applicable for the establishment of a management strategy to control Oriental corn borer in paddy-upland rotation fields for maize and sorghum.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.923-928
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties of different types of topsoil in forest ecosystems by damage pattern and analyse the possibility of using the topsoil as a planting ground construction material. There were 72 samples from 36 sites of 12 damaged areas and 36 sites of 12 non-damaged areas. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of topsoil from non-damaged areas of forest ecosystems were on an average clay loam~sandy loam in soil texture, showing $0.95{\sim}1.10Mg/m^3$ in soil bulk density, $35.7{\sim}44.0m^3/m^3$ in solid phase, 56.0~64.3 in soil porosity, 8.4~35.8% in aggregate stability, 5~13 mm in soil hardness, 5.3~6.1 in pH, 0.14~0.65 dS/m in EC, 0.28~0.42% in T-N, $14{\sim}22cmol^+/kg$ in CEC, $0.15{\sim}0.31cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $K^+$, $2.07{\sim}2.84cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Ca^{2+}$, $0.45{\sim}1.97cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Mg^{2+}$, 17~96 mg/kg in Av. $P_2O_5$ and 3.2~5.6% in OM. On the other hand, damaged areas were on an average clay loam~loamy sand in soil texture, showing $1.54{\sim}1.75Mg/m^3$ in soil bulk density, $52.8{\sim}58.0m^3/m^3$ in solid phase, 42.0~47.2 in soil porosity, 4.2~22.5% in aggregate stability, 13~25 mm in soil hardness, 4.8~5.5 in pH, 0.13~0.62 dS/m in EC, 0.02~0.12% in T-N, $5{\sim}15cmol^+/kg$ in CEC, $0.11{\sim}0.18cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $K^+$, $0.45{\sim}2.36cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Ca^{2+}$, $0.39{\sim}0.96cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Mg^{2+}$, 15~257 mg/kg in Av. $P_2O_5$ and 0.4~2.2% in OM. After conducting a comparison of physicochemical characteristics of non-damaged forest area and damaged areas, it was found that the physicochemical characteristics of damaged areas were more deteriorated compared to that of non-damaged areas. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to establish countermeasures for the conservation and management of the damaged areas for topsoil recycling in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect wildbirds in Chuwangsan National Park. The survey was carried out over two survey sections by the line transect method in spring, summer and autumn in 1994. Total number of observed birds were 42 species(33 species in spring, 32 species in summer, and 26 species in autumn), and the result was the same with the typical pattern of temperate bird communities. Total number of natural monument and rare birds were 7 species, which included Golden Eagle(Aquila chrysaetos), Chinese Sparrow Hawk(Accipter soloensis), Eagle Owl(Bubo bubo), etc. In breeding season, species richness was high in canopy nesting guild, and density(ea/ha) was high in hole nesting guild. Canopy foraging guild was dominated in spring and summer, ratio of bush(or ground) foraging guild was increased in autumn. Since the habitats of observed natural monuments and rare species were roughly overlapped with the nature preservation area, it is necessary to preserve the area completely and to investigate and protect these species continuously. For the protection of the bush(or ground) foraging guild, it needs to plant bushes around trails and to control users. Food plants, artificial food planting of bushs, and artificial nest are needed for the habituation of wildbirds, and as the damage of wild cats is increasing lately, it needs to control these cats.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.258-265
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• 2009

This research was conducted to compare drymatter production and yield pattern between commercial glasshouse (G) and plastic greenhouse (PG) in Korea. In both greenhouses sawing and plating of sweet pepper was 28 August and 27 September, 2007. Destructive measurement and yield of sweet pepper, cv. 'Derby', was obtained from January to May, 2008. Averaged light transmissivity over 20 times observed 65% in G and 51 % in PG. The averaged daily radiation sum of greenhouses during whole growing period was $9.03MJ/m^2/day$ for G and $7.37MJ/m^2/day$ for PG Leaf area index (LAI) in G crop was 36% higher than the crop in PG at the end of experiment (247days after planting: DAP), whereas there was no significantly difference for 212 DAP in both greenhouses. Total dry matter production was $1759.9g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ for G and $1308.5g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ for PG Fruit production observed $14.1kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in G and $7.8kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in PG. There was slightly difference measurement of dry matter distribution of generative or vegetative parts to total dry matter between G and PG.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

The effectiveness of rehabilitation programs for coal mining spoils in Samcheok, Jeongsun, and Mungyung were evaluated based on the physicochemical properties of soil in the rehabilitated areas. These spoils were reclaimed by introducing plants such as black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), pitch pine (Pinus rigida), birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica), alder (Alnus hirsuta), bush clover (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya), and grass (Lolium perenne) in planting beds covered with forest soil. In the surface soil, the pH, organic matter, total N, available P, and exchangeable Ca showed significant changes over the years after reclamation. The pH and exchangeable Ca content decreased exponentially over time, whereas organic matter increased linearly and total N and available P increased exponentially. Changes in the physicochemical properties of subsurface soils displayed a different pattern. There were significant changes over time in the organic matter, available P, and exchangeable Ca and Mg contents of the soil. Organic matter increased logarithmically with years since rehabilitation and available P increased exponentially. Meanwhile, exchangeable Ca decreased exponentially, and Mg decreased logarithmically. The changes in the subsurface soil were not as dramatic as those in the surface soil. This result suggests that the ameliorating effects of the establishment and growth of plants more pronounced on the surface soil layer. Stand ordination data showed different relationships with time since rehabilitation in the early and later stages of the rehabilitation process. In the early stages of rehabilitation, stands tended to be arranged in the order of reclamation age. However, in the later stages, there was not a clear relationship between reclamation age and vegetation characteristics. This result suggests that soil amelioration is required for the early stages, after which an autogenic effect becomes more prominent as the vegetation becomes better established.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.52-62
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• 2004

This research is basic research about 「the afforestation project of the Shilla Dynasty's capital forest」 which is controlled by the research institute of forest and environment of Kyungbuk province. The results of the investigation about target places and selection of major species of trees is as follows. 1. In the Shilla Dynasty's times, the peach tree was the indicator of unusual changes in weather, and was also the symbol of unsurpassed beauty. Peach trees were so prevalent that people called the forest peach-hill or peach-forest. Therefore, the main tree of Shilla Dynasty's capital forest would have to be a peach tree. 2. From several records, pine and bamboo were planted or grown together. The pattern of planting trees like this case is also historic, so should be utilized positively. 3. In order to afforest the capital forest, the bamboos have to be planted on Nam-mountain in Kyung-ju, and maple trees have to be planted on Kumgang mountain. 4. There were many big trees during the Shilla Dynasty, and the name of one of the Six Main Villages was 'Big Tree Village'. Therefore, big and long-lived trees have to be planted also. 5. The willow tree has to be considered for afforesting the capital forest even though the willow trees are misunderstood to cause allergies. They are traditional landscape architecture trees. In the traditional literature, the willow tree stands for good news. 6. Japanese cornellian cherry(Cornus officinalis), which is related with old narrative literature in the era of King Kyungmun, has to be planted for the forest, and has to be considered to be an educational tree. 7. Korean Rhododendron, which is related with Madam Suro's story, has to be planted in stone gardens.8. Lotus, Korean pulsatilla, Boxwood, Bombycis Mulberry, and Japanese Apricot have been recorded just one time, but these are also important plants which have to be reflected on afforestation of capital forest project. 9. The forests of Shilla on the old records exist in 17 places. The afforestation project has to be undertaken at these places. 10. The people of Shilla deified the forest and trees, which were the places where ancestral rites had been performed. For example, Gyerim, Sinyurim, and Wanggasu were the sacred forests of the capital forest.