• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2010

Recently, as the function of largest supplier of biomass for "low carbon green growth", the necessity for systematic management of afforestation areas is emphasizing. The forestation of seedling, besides the afforestation cost itself, is required some additional follow-up management costs, like mowing and fertilizing of forestation area, and removal of bindweed. The mulching mat for afforestation seedlings is available for rooting of little seedlings as well as initial forestation expenses. Mulching technique is also used to control soil temperature and moisture by covering the surface of ground. In this study, the paper based-mulching film coated with biodegradable polymer and functional additive was specially produced using laboratory bar coater, and analyzed for its degradable behavior. Coating colors were prepared by dissolving PE (polyester) 80 % and PLA(polylactic acid) 20 % in chloroform and finally applied to handsheet prepared by preceding study conditions. Base paper and polymer-coated paper were artificially aged by 2 kinds of degradation methods, which are soil degradation by microorganism and light degradation by 257 nm UV wavelengths. Strength property, oxidation index and morphological property were evaluated by reduction rates of tensile strength, FTIR spectra ratio of carboxyl and carbonyl group and SEM micrograph. As these results, polymer coated-paper was superior to base paper in degradation behaviors, having results with lower reduction rate of strength properties.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2015

Interest in three-dimensional (3D) printing processes has grown significantly, and several types have been developed. These 3D printing processes are classified as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Stereo-Lithography Apparatus (SLA), and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). SLS can be applied to many materials, but because it uses a laser-based material removal process, it is expensive. SLA enables fast and precise manufacturing, but available materials are limited. FDM printing's benefits are its reasonable price and easy accessibility. However, metal printing using FDM can involve technical problems, such as suitable component supply or the thermal expansion of the heating part. Thus, FDM printing primarily uses materials with low melting points, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polylactic acid (PLA) resin. In this study, an FDM process for enabling metal printing is suggested. Particularly, the nozzle and heatsink for this process are focused for stable printing. To design the nozzle and heatsink, multi-physical phenomena, including thermal expansion and heat transfer, had to be considered. Therefore, COMSOL Multiphysics, an FEM analysis program, was used to analyze the maximum temperature, thermal expansion, and principal stress. Finally, its performance was confirmed through an experiment.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2020

In this paper, the performances of the electrical characteristics of the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D-printed flexible resistance sensor was evaluated. The FDM 3D printing flexible resistive sensor is composed of flexible-material thermoplastic polyurethane and a conductive PLA (carbon black conductive polylactic acid) polymer. While 3D printing, polymer filaments heat up quickly before being extruded and cooled down quickly. Polymers have poor thermal conductivity so the heating and cooling causes unevenness, which then results in internal stress on the printed parts due to the rapidity of the heating and cooling. Electrical resistance measurements show that the 3D-printed flexible sensor is unstable due to internal stress, so the 3D-printed flexible sensor resistance curve does not match the increases and decreases in the displacement curve. Therefore, annealing was performed to eliminate the mismatch between electrical resistance and displacement. Annealing eliminates residual stress on the sensor, so the electrical resistance of the sensor increases and decreases in proportion to displacement. Additionally, the resistance is lowered in comparison to before annealing. The results of this study will be very useful for the fabrication of various devices that employ 3D-printed flexible sensor that have multiple degrees of freedom and are not limited by size and shape.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop an assist device that could correct and support patient position during biopsy on computed tomography (CT) using 3D printing technology. The development method was conducted in the order of 3D design, 3D output, intermediate evaluation for product, final assist device evaluation. The 3D design method was conducted in the order of prior research data survey, measurement, primary modeling, 3D printing, output evaluation, and supplementary modeling. The 3D output was the 3D printer (3DWOX 2X, Sindoh, Korea) with additive manufacturing technology and the polylactic acid (PLA) materials. At this time, the optimal strength was evaluated to infill degree of product as the 3D printing factors into 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The intermediate evaluation and supplementation was measured noise in the region of interest (ROI) around the beam hardening artifact on the CT images. We used 128-channel MDCT (Discovery 75 HD, GE, USA) to scan with a slice thickness of 100 kVp, 150 mA, and 2.5 mm on the 3D printing product. We compared the surrounding noise of the final 3D printing product with the beginning of it. and then the strength of it according to the degree of infill was evaluated. As a result, the surrounding noise of the final and the early devices were measured at an average of 3.3 ± 0.5 HU and 7.1 ± 0.1 HU, respectively, which significantly reduced the noise of the final 3D printing product (p<0.001). We found that the percentage of infill according to the optimal strength was found to be 60%. Finally, development of assist devices for CT biopsy will be able to minimize artifacts and provide convenience to medical staff and patients.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2023

목적. 이 연구의 목적은 치의학 교육을 위한 프로토타입 로봇 시뮬레이터를 제작하고, 하악운동을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있는지 여부를 테스트하며, 치과실습 중 자극에 대한 시뮬레이터의 반응 가능성을 평가하는 것이었다. 재료 및 방법. 가상 시뮬레이터 모델은 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) 데이터를 사용하여 경조직을 구획화한 후 제작되었다. 시뮬레이터의 프레임은 polylactic acid (PLA) 소재를 사용하여 3D 프린팅 되었으며, 덴티폼과 실리콘 얼굴 스킨을 장착하여 모델을 형성하였다. 서보 액추에이터는 시뮬레이터의 움직임을 제어하는데 사용되었고, 다양한 센서들로 시뮬레이터의 반응을 생성하였다. 수위 센서가 반응하는 물의 양을 측정하기 위해 수위테스트가 수행되었다. 또한, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션과 실제 모델을 통해 시뮬레이터의 하악운동과 하악운동 범위를 테스트하였다. 결과. 프로토타입 로봇 시뮬레이터는 작동 장치, 전기 장치가 있는 상반신, 턱관절을 포함하는 머리 및 덴티폼으로 구성되었다. 시뮬레이터의 턱관절은 회전 및 병진 운동을 구현하면서 2자유도를 구동할 수 있었다. 수위 테스트에서 수위 센서의 특정 임계값은 10.35 ml였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션과 실제 모델 모두에서 인간의 움직임을 모방하였고, 시뮬레이터의 하악운동 시 개구범위는 50 mm였다. 결론. 효율성과 안정성을 개선하기 위해서는 더 많은 발전이 필요하지만, 본 상반신 프로토타입의 시뮬레이터는 향후 치과실습 교육에 잠재적으로 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2023

기존의 상용 플라스틱으로 인한 환경 오염에 대한 우려가 높아지면서 대체 재료로서 생분해성 고분자에 대한 연구가 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 생분해성 열가소성 수지인 폴리 젖산에 유기 핵제의 도입으로 물성 강화 및 100% 생분해 가능한 나노복합재 개발을 목표로 한다. 그에 따라 무기 핵제의 대체재로 친환경 소재인 셀룰로오스 나노섬유를 채택하였다. 폴리 젖산 내 셀룰로오스 나노섬유의 균일한 분산을 위해 동결 건조 방식으로 나노화된 섬유 형상을 유지시켰으며, 이축압출기로 1차 교반을 진행하고, 사출 성형을 통해 이중 교반된 물성 시험용 시편을 제작하였다. 보강된 결정성을 확인하기 위해 시차주사 열량분석법을 사용하였고 1 wt%의 셀룰로오스 나노섬유가 보강재 및 핵제로서 작용하여 냉결정화온도가 약 14℃ 가량 감소하며, 결정화되는 정도 또한 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 기존 생분해성 고분자의 무기 핵제를 유기 나노소재로 대체함으로써 100% 생분해 가능한 친환경 나노복합재 개발하여 강화된 물성의 플라스틱 소재 개발을 위한 친환경적 대안을 제시한다.