• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1990

PIXE(Proton Induced X-ray Emission)법을 수도물, 적포도주, 소변 및 흑분시료의 미량원소분석에 적용하여 보았다. SNU 1.5-MV 탄뎀 반데 그라프 가속기에서 얻은 1.202 MeV 양성자빔을 시료에 조사시켰으며 X-선 스펙트럼은 Si(Li) 스펙트로미터로 측정하였다. 분석의 감도를 높이기 위해 수도물은 증발법을 사용하여 농축하였다. 표준시료로서 흑분에는 Ni가루를 섞었고 다추 시료에는 yttrium용액을 첨가하였다. PIXE 스펙트럼은 AXIL(Analytical X-ray Analysis by Iterative Least-squares) 컴퓨터 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였는데, 최소자승법은 Marquardt 알고리즘에 기초하고 있다. 수도물에서는 Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Fe, Zn등과 같은 원소들이 ppm이하의 함량으로 분석되었다 농축을 하지 않은 적포도주 시료에서는 Ti 원소가 3 ppm의 함량으로 검출되었다. 결론적으로 표준시료를 쓴 상대측정법에 의한 수용액시료분석에 PIXE법이 적합함을 입증할 수 있었으며, 정확한 X-선 발생단면적을 사용하고 시료준비기술을 개발하면 이 분석법을 향상시킬 수 있으리라 기대한다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.327-328
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• 2007

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the chemical characteristics of Asian dust (hereafter called "AD") particles with the aid of the most advanced micro-PIXE (Particle-induced X-ray emission) analytical technique. To this end, size-selected particles were sampled on a rural peninsula of Korea (Byunsan, 35.37N; 126.27E) during AD and non-AD periods in 2004. The coarse particle (> $2{\mu}m$) number density during an AD event were 170 times higher than those of the non-AD counterpart. The average net-count of silica in individual particles collected on AD event was roughly 11 times higher than that of non-AD counterpart. The X-ray net-counts of trace elements (Zn, Co, Mn, and V) were also considerably high in AD relative to the non-AD day. Particle classification based on the inter ratio analysis of elemental net-count suggests that a large portion of the coarse particles collected during AD event underwent chemical transformation to a certain degree. The visual interpretation of micro-PIXE elemental maps and elemental localization data in and/or on individual AD particles clarified the internal mixture of AD particles with sea-salt and artificial metallic particles.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제17권E1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2001

For the purpose of collecting fog droplets as a function of size a new sampling method was developed in this study. Formation of 100$\pm$10㎛ thickness of polymeric water absorbent film (PWAF) on a nuclepore filter could be successfully realized. Also applicability of particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method to the chemical analysis of size-segregated fog droplets collected on PWAF was examined experimentally with synthetic fog droplets generated from a nebulizer. Absorption capacity of S-PAAS polymeric water absorbent shows marked decreases in the range less than 1 wt% and slight decrease between 1 and 3.5 wt% of every salt concentration. Dependency of absorption capacity on pH shows the maximum at pH 7. No apparent peak which can influence the quantitative analysis of elements dissolved and suspended in fog droplets was found at PIXE spectrum of PWAF blank. PWAF kept the original shape without rupture under the PIXE analytical conditions of beam intensity for 10 to 60 nA and irradiation time of 4∼5 min. It should be said that the proposed new technique in the work is helpful to get more detailed information of fog droplets, to clarify the fog formation processes, and to develop a model of acid deposition process.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2017

Quantifying the trace elements in infinitesimal ambient liquid samples (e.g., single raindrop, cloud/fog water, and the soluble fraction extracted from the particles collected for a short time) is an important task for understanding formation processes, heating/cooling rates, and their health hazards. The purpose of this study is to employ an in-air micro PIXE system for quantitative analysis of the trace elements in a thimbleful of reference liquid sample. The bag type liquid sample holder originally designed with $10{\mu}m$ thick $Mylar^{(R)}$ film retained the original shape without any film perforation and apparent peaks of film blank by the end of the analysis. As one of tasks to be solved, the homogeneity of the elemental distribution in liquid reference species was verified by the X-ray line profiles for several references. It was possible to resolve the significant peaks for whole target elements corresponding to the channel number of micro-PIXE spectrum. The calibration curves for the six target elements (Si, S, Cl, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in standard solutions were successfully plotted by concentration (ppm) and ROI of interest net counts/dose (nC).

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2001

FeMr에 의해 교환 바이어스된 synthetic antiferromagnet(CoFe/Ru/CoFe)을 가진 Top Ta/NiFe/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/Ru/CoFe/FeMn/Ta 스핀 밸브 구조를 마그네트론 스퍼터링법에 의해 증착하였다. 이러한 스핀 밸브에서는 자유층, 구속층등의 두께 및 조성이 층간 결합력의 세기를 비롯한 자성특성에 영향을 미치게 된다 후방산란법은 두께 및 조성에 대한 절대정량이 가능하며 비파괴 분석법이라는 장점을 지니고 있으나, 원자번호가 20번 이상인 주기율표상의 인접원소로 이루어진 자성박막을 분석하는데 있어서 신호의 중첩현상으로 인해 분석이 불가능하였다 본 연구에서는 element-specific 한 분석기술인 양성자 여기 X선 검출법과, 절대 정량이 가능하고 깊이분해능을 현저히 향상시킨 grazing-exit 후방산란법 (RBS : Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry)을 동시에 사용하여 상호 보완적인 분석을 함으로써 스핀밸브에 대한 성분 및 두께에 대한 정량분석을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 spin valve 구조에서 자성층인 NiFe, CoFe, FeMn 단일층이 증착된 시료에 대한 표준화를 수행함으로써 spin valve 구조에서 grazing-exit 후방산란 스펙트럼 상의 중첩된 신호를 Simulation을 통하여 분리가 가능하였으며, 특히 Ru층의 두께는 단위의 정확도로 측정이 가능 하였다

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제16권E호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2000

Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Elemental Analysis Syztem (EAS) were applied to the investiga-tion of the Characteristics and sources of wintertime atmospheric aerosols in Seoul. Atmospheric aerosols were collected by both fine and coarse fractions using a two-stage filter pack sampler from Kon-Kuk university during the winter season of 1999. PIXE was applied to the analysis of the middle and heavy elements with atomic numbers greater than 14(Si) and EAS was applied to the measurement of the light elements such as H, C and N. The fact that 64.2% of mass of fine particles in Seoul consists of the light elements (N, C , and H) suggests that the measurement of light elements is extremely important. The average mass concentration is Seoul was 38.6$\mu\textrm{g}$m(sup)-3. Elements such as Ca, Fe, Mg, and Ti appeared to have very low Fine/Coarse ratios(0.1∼0.4), whereas che-mical components related to anthropogenic sources such as Br, V, Pb, and Zn were observed to accumulate in the fine fraction. In the Asian Dust Storm(ADS) event, the concentation of soil components increased dramatically. Reconstruction of the fine mass concentrations estimated by a newly revised simple model was fairly in good agreement with the measured ones. Source identification was attempted using the enrichment factor and Pearsons coefficient of correlation. The typical elements derived from each source could be classified by this method.

• 분석과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.471-476
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• 1994

PIXE(양성자 유발 X-선 발생) 분석법을 이용한 박막 두께 측정의 가능성을 알아보기 위하여, 구리판 위에 코팅된 금 박막 시료들을 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 두 가지 실험방법을 사용하여 분석을 하였으며, 결과를 비교하여 보았다. 또한 분석 결과의 정확성을 확인하기 위하여 무게측정 방법과 양성자 RBS 분석법에 의한 결과들과 비교하여 보았다. 이 분석 방법은 고고학 시료나 거대시료와 같이 진공 표적함에 집어 넣을 수 없는 경우에도 비파괴적으로 박막의 두께를 측정할 수 있는 장점을 갖고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제22권E2호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2006

In order to study the characteristics of cloud, a real-scale experiment for cloud generation was carried out using an extinct vertical mine (430 m height) located in the northeastern Honshu, Japan. The dry particles generated from the three-step concentrations of NaCl solutions were used for cloud generation. The number size distributions of initial dry particles and cloud droplets were monitored by Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) at bottom and upper sites of pit, respectively. The polymeric water absorbent film (PWAF) method was employed to measure liquid water content ($W_L$) as a function of droplet size. Moreover the chemical properties of individual droplet replicas were determined by micro-PIXE. The CCN number concentration shows the lognormal form in dependence of the particle size, while the number size distributions of droplets are bimodal showing the peaks around $9{\mu}m$ and $20{\mu}m$ for every case. In comparison to background mineral particles, right shifting of size distribution line for NaCl particles was occurred. When NaCl solutions with three-step different concentrations were neulized, $W_L$ shows the strong droplet size dependence. It varied from $10.0mg\;m^{-3}$ up to $13.6mg\;m^{-3}$ with average $11.6mg\;m^{-3}$. A good relationship between $W_L$ and cloud droplet number concentration was obtained. Both chemical inhomogeneities (mixed components with mineral and C1) and homogeneities (only mineral components or C1) in individual droplet replicas were obviously observed from micro-PIXE elemental images.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제16권E호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2000

For the detailed characterization of atmospheric aerosol, the analysis of single particle is highly valuable. In this study, to investigate the characteristics of single Asian dust storm particles, scanning electron microscope(SEM) coupled with and energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer(EDX) and micro-PIXE were applied. Sampling was performed at Kyoto University located in Kyoto, Japan, in spring of 1999. Mass concentration during Asian dust storm events was higher roughly 3∼5 times than measured in the season of the highest concentration. Single particles were generally sharp-edged and irregular in shape and contained mostly crustal elements. Significant amount of S in coarse fraction was detected in individual particles. A large particles in coarse fraction existed as the mixture of soil components and S. A good agreement between the result of SEM-EDX analysis and that iof micro-PIXE analysis was obtained in this study.