• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 1994

Polygalacturonase (PG) produced by Botrytis cinerea in the culture broth containing citrus pectin as a carbon source was partially purified and characterized. PG was produced on a range of carbon sources such as starch, glycerol, cellobiose, and Na+-PAG with total activities of 34.8, 32.0, 29.2, 27.8 units, respectively. The specific activity was highest with 2316.7 units on Na+-PGA. Proteins of culture filtrate were concentrated with polyethylene glycol and acetone and applied to a hydroxyapatite column. Among three active fractions collected from the column, the reaction containing the highest PG activity was resolved by a Q-sepharose column. The active fraction from the Q-sepharose column was further purified by HPLC Mono Q column. The partially purified enzyme was analyzed by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Among a few protein bands revealed, the amount of the protein of which molecular weight estimated to be 43 kDa coincided with the PG activity. The partially purified PG had optimal temperatures between 35~55$^{\circ}C$ and pH between 4.5~5.5.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

The main purpose of the current study was to obtain nuclear DNA content data among the representatives of the families and subfamilies of 31 endemic fishes that inhabit river of Korea. DNA contents of 31 endemic species were observed to rang from 1.5 to 4.8 pg DNA/nucleus. In Cyprinidae, DNA content of Abbottina springeri (1.5±0.03 pg DNA/nucleus) was the lowest value and DNA content of Carassius cuvieri (4.5±0.32 pg DNA/nucleus) was the highest value in all experimental groups. In Cobitidae, DNA content of Iksookimia longicorpa (3.9±0.17 pg DNA/nucleus) was the highest value and DNA content of Orthrias toni (1.5±0.18 pg DNA/nucleus) was the lowest value in all experimental groups. This study provides new information for a better understanding of the process of genomic evolution in 31 endemic species in river of Korea.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.564-568
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• 2003

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of gliclazide were studied after an oral administration of gliclazide tablets in healthy volunteers. After an overnight fasting, gliclazide tablet was orally administered to 11 volunteers; Additional 10 volunteers were used as a control group (i.e., no gliclazide administration). Blood samples were collected, and the concentration determined for gliclazide and glucose up to 24 after the administration. Standard pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out for gliclazide. Pharmacodynamic activity of the drug was expressed by increase of glucose concentration ($\Delta$PG), by area under the increase of glucose concentration-time curve ($AUC_{$\Delta$PG}$) or by the difference in increase of glucose concentration ($D_{$\Delta$PG}$) at each time between groups with and without gliclazide administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that $C_{max}, T_{max}$, CL/F (apparent clearance), V/F (apparent volume of distribution) and half-life of gliclazide were $4.69\pm1.38 mg/L, 3.45\pm1.11 h, 1.26\pm0.35 L/h, 17.78\pm5.27 L, and 9.99\pm2.15 h$, respectively. When compared with the no drug administration group, gliclazide decreased significantly the $AUC_{$\Delta$PG}$ s at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 4 h (p＜0.05). The $\Delta$PGs were positively correlated with $AUC_{gliclazide}$ at 1 and 1.5 h (p＜0.05), and the correlation coefficient was maximum at 1 h (r = 0.642) and gradually decreased at 4 h after the administration. The $AUC_{$\Delta$PG}$s were positively correlated with $AUC_{gliclazide}$ at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h (p＜0.05), and the maximum correlation coefficient was obtained at 2 h (r=0.642) after the administration. The $D_{$\Delta$PG}$ reached the maximum at 1 h, remained constant from 1 h to 3 h, and decreased afterwards. Therefore, these observations indicated that maximum hypoglycemic effect of gliclazide was reached at approximately at 1.5 h after the administration and the effect decreased, probably because of the homeostasis mechanism, in health volunteers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

입원환자의 초기 영양관리를 위해 개발한 영양검색 도구의 타당성을 평가 하고자 입원 후 48시간 이내에 동일한 대상자에게 KNNRS, PG-SGA, NRS-2002를 수행하였으며 그 결과를 비교 평가하였다. 1) KNNRS, PG-SGA, NRS-2002를 이용한 영양검색결과 영양상태 불량 및 영양불량 위험도가 높은 환자의 비율은 각각 28.7%, 51.3%, 48.5%로 나타났다. 2) 각 영양검색 도구에 따라 영양상태 불량 및 영양불량 위험도가 높은 것으로 나타난 환자는 영양상태 양호 및 영양불량 위험도가 낮은 환자에 비해 공통적으로 평균연령이 높고 BMI, 혈중 헤모글로빈, 총 임파구수, 알부민 수치가 유의적으로 낮았다. 3) KNNRS와 PG-SGA에 의한 영양상태 분류를 비교하였을 때 KNNRS에서 영양상태가 양호한 환자 545명 중 PG-SGA에 의해 영양상태가 양호한 환자는 331명이었다. KNNRS에서 영양상태가 불량한 환자 219명 중 PG-SGA에서도 영양상태가 불량한 환자는 178명이었다. 민감도와 특이도는 각각 60.7% (95%CI 54.2-67.0), 81.2% (95% CI 75.3-85.2)로 영양불량 상태를 판정하는데 두 도구가 임상적 관련성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 두 도구 간 유사성 kappa 지수는 0.34로 KNNRS는 PG-SGA를 기준으로 타당한 검색도구로 검증되었다. 4) KNNRS와 NRS-2002에 의한 영양상태 분류를 비교하였을 때 KNNRS에서 영양상태가 양호한 환자 540명 중 NRS-2002에 의해 영양불량 위험도가 낮은 환자는 312명 이었다. KNNRS에서 영양상태가 불량한 환자 216명 중 NRS-2002에서 영양불량 위험도가 높은 환자는 139명이었다. 민감도와 특이도는 각각 57.8% (95%CI 53.4-60.9), 64.4% (95%CI 60.2-69.8)로 영양불량 상태를 판정하는 데 두 도구가 임상적 관련성이 적은 것으로 사료된다. 두 도구 간 유사성은 kappa 지수 0.18로 낮게 나타났다. 5) KNNRS가 PG-SGA 결과와 비교 시 타당성이 검증되었으나 영양불량환자의 비율은 28.7%로 PG-SGA와 NRS-2002의 51.3%, 48.5%에 비해 낮았다. 보다 효과적이고 적극적인 초기 영양관리 중재를 위하여 영양불량 판정 기준의 수정 보완이 필요하다. 6) 영양검색 도구의 유효성과 영양관리의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 재원일수, 합병증 여부, 질병 예후, 사망여부와의 연계연구가 필요하다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제1권1_2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1989

돔류의 유연관계를 밝히기 위한 연구의 일환으로 우선 참돔 Pagrus major, 돌돔 Oplegnathus fasciatus 및 감성돔 Acanthopagrus schlegeli의 3종에 대하여 genome size, 핵의 부피 및 핵형을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 돔류 3종의 genome size는 매우 유사하여 참돔은 $1.287{\pm}0.092\;pg$, 돌돔은 $1.274{\pm}0.050\;pg$ 그리고 감성돔은 $1.237{\pm}0.051\;pg$이었다. 2. 상기 3종의 핵의 부피를 구한 결과, 참돔은 $20.78{\pm}1.27\;{\mu}m^3$으로 3종 중 가장 컸으며, 돌돔은 $20.63{\pm}2.11\;{\mu}m^3$ 그리고 감성돔은 $20.56{\pm}1.92\;{\mu}m^3$으로 가장 작았으나 종간에 그리 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 3. 본 연구에 사용된 3종의 어류 모두 염색체 수는 2n=48이었으나 핵형은 서로 달라 참돔은 acrocentric 염색체로만 구성되어 있었고 돌돔은 1쌍의 submetacentric과 23쌍의 acrocentric 염색체로, 그리고 감성돔은 4쌍의 submetacentric 및 20쌍의 acrocentric chromosome으로 구성되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 상기 3종 간에는 진화과정중 pericentric inversion 등의 염색체 변이가 일어났을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2017

Purpose: Epitope spreading is a phenomenon in which distinct subdominant epitopes become major targets of the immune response. Heat shock protein (HSP) 60 from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgHSP60) and peptide 19 from PgHSP60 (Pep19) are immunodominant epitopes in autoimmune disease patients, including those with periodontitis. It remains unclear whether Pep19 is a dominant epitope in subjects without periodontitis or autoimmune disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the epitope spreading pattern and verify Pep19 as an immunodominant epitope in healthy teenagers using dot immunoblot analysis. The patterns of epitope spreading in age-matched patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) and healthy 20- to 29-year old subjects were compared with those of healthy teenagers. Methods: Peptide from PgHSP60, Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP60 (MtHSP60), and Chlamydia pneumoniae HSP60 (CpHSP60) was synthesized for comparative recognition by sera from healthy subjects and patients with autoimmune disease (type 1 DM). Dot immunoblot analysis against a panel of peptides of PgHSP60 and human HSP60 (HuHSP60) was performed to identify epitope spreading, and a densitometric image analysis was conducted. Results: Of the peptide from PgHSP60, MtHSP60, and CpHSP60, PgHSP60 was the predominant epitope and was most consistently recognized by the serum samples of healthy teenagers. Most sera from healthy subjects and patients with type 1 DM reacted more strongly with PgHSP60 and Pep19 than the other peptides. The relative intensity of antibody reactivity to Pep19 was higher in the type 1 DM group than in the healthy groups. Conclusions: Pep19 is an immunodominant epitope, not only in autoimmune disease patients, but also in healthy young subjects, as evidenced by their robust immunoreactivity. This result suggests that the Pep19-specific immune response may be an initiator that triggers autoimmune diseases.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.324-332
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• 1985

각종(各種) 시료(試料)로부터 1,573주(株)의 균주(菌株)를 분리(分離)하고 그 중에서 endo-polygalacturonase (Endo-PG) 활성이 강한 Aspergillus niger B-15를 선발하였다. 이어서 선정균주(選定菌株)에 자외선을 연차적(連次的)으로 조사(照射)하여 변이주(變異株) U-46을 얻었으며 친주(親株)와 변이주(變異株)의 균학적성질(菌學的性質)을 조사(調査)하고 변이주(變異株)의 효소생산조건(酵素生産條件)과 반응조건(反應條件)을 검토(檢討)하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 변이주(變異株) U-46은 친주(親株)보다 분생자두(分生子頭)의 크기가 작아지고 분생자병(分生子柄)의 길이가 짧아졌다. 2. 밀기울배지에서의 배양(培養)에 있어서 Endo-PG생산(生産)을 위한 최적조건(最適條件)은 친주(親株) B-15의 경우 밀기울에 대한 첨수량(添水量) 40%, 배양온도(培養溫度) $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$였으나 변이주(變異株) U-46의 경우는 밀기울에 대한 첨수량(添水量) 60~70%, 배양온도(培養溫度) $35^{\circ}C$였다. 배양일수는 어느 것이나 2~3일간이 적당하였다. 3. 친주(親株)와 변이주(變異株)를 각각의 최적조건(最適條件)에서 배양(培養)할 경우 친주(親株) B-15의 Endo-PG에 비하여 변이주 U-46의 효소활성은 약 20배 높았다. 4. 밀기울배지(밀기울에 대한 첨수량(添水量) 60%)에 $35^{\circ}C$, 3일간 배양할 경우 변이주 U-46 은 친주(親株)에 비하여 Endo-PG 활성이 약 47배(倍)로, Exo-PG 활성은 약 18배로 증가되었으며 cellulase, ${\alpha}$-amylase 및 glucoamylase 활성도 증가되었다. 5. 밀기울에 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$을 1.2~1.5% 첨가(添加)한 배지에서 변이주(變異株) U-46의 Endo-PG 활성(活性)은 약 20% 증가되었다. 6. 변이주(變異株) U-46의 조효소액(粗酵素液)의 Endo-PG 반응(反應) 최적조건은 pH 4.0~4.5, $50^{\circ}C$이었다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1995

Morphology, chromosome and transmission of potato virus Y(PVY) of the green peach aphid populations collected from tobacco fields were examined. Based on the morphological characteristics, especially values of linear discriminant functions and length of ultimate rostral segment, 8 green peach aphid clones with different color morphs could be divided into two groups, namely Myzus persicae and M. nicotianae, according to the proposal by Blackman in 1987. The red (RED)-, Brown (BRN)- and green-colored (GR1, GR2) aphid clones belonged to the M. nicotianae type, while the pale green (PG1, PG2, PG3) and dark brown (DBR) clones to the M. persicae type. The karyotype of the pale green-colored clone (PG1, M. persicae type) appeared normal and was 2n=12 with no indication of chromosomal translocation. On the contrary, in the green-colored aphid clone (GR1, M. nicotianae type), translocation and dissociation of autosome 3 were often found, having karyotype of 2n=13. Both of the above aphid clones transmitted PVY-VN to tabacco plants (cv. Burley 21), but the GR1 clone had higher transmissibility than the PG1 clone.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mixed pharmacopuncture of $Jungsongouhyul$ and $Cervi$ $Pantotrichum$ $Cornu$ on low back pain patients. Methods : 83 patients with Low back pain who were treated in Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibusion, Dongshin University Hospital in Suncheon from Sep. 1st, 2010 to August 31th, 2011, were divided into two groups. One group (52 patients) was treated with conservative treatments (acupuncture, herb med, cupping therapy and physical therapy) and mixed pharmacopuncture of $Jungsongouhyul$ and $Cervi$ $Pantotrichum$ $Cornu$ theraphy (PG) and the other group (31 patients) was treated with conservative treatments alone(NPG). To estimate the effects of treatments, visual analog scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI) were checked. Results : 1. In VAS, both of PG and NPG shows statistically significant improvement rate after 3rd treatment and 5th treatment. 2. In ODI, both of PG and NPG shows statistically significant improvement rate after 3rd treatment and 5th treatment. 3. In comparing VAS of PG and NPG, there was more significant improvement in PG than NPG after 3rd treatment and 5th treatment. 4. In comparing ODI of PG and NPG, there was more significant improvement in PG than NPG after 3rd treatment but no significant improvement between PG and NPG after 5th treatment. Conclusions : According to the study, it is thought that mixed pharmacopuncture of $Jungsongouhyul$ and $Cervi$ $Pantotrichum$ $Cornu$ theraphy is effective to low back pain patients, and further study is needed for the confirmation of the effect of mixed pharmacopuncture of $Jungsongouhyul$ and $Cervi$ $Pantotrichum$ $Cornu$.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.896-902
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• 2003

본 연구는 도라지 추출물의 항 비만 효과를 관찰하기 위하여 비만 흰쥐에 도라지 추출물을 투여 한 후, 비만 흰쥐의 체중 변화와 혈청 중의 지질 프로파일을 측정하였다. 그 결과 도라지 추출물의 투여는 실험 시작 후 1주부터 8주까지 대조군에 비하여 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 고지방식이로 비만을 유도하였을 때, 정상군 보다 total cholesterol, triglyceride, fatty acid, total lipid의 함량이 증가되던 것이 도라지 추출물의 투여로 total cholesterol, triglyceride, fatty acid, total lipid의 함량이 현저히 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. PG군의 total cholesterol$(77.2\pm3.3mg/dl)$은 대조군에 비해 약 7.0% 감소되었으며, PG군의 triglyceride$(103.6\pm9.0 mg/dl)$은 대조군에 비해 약 21.1% 감소되었다. 아울러 PG군의 fatty acid$(630.1\pm45.9 uEq/L)$함량은 대조군에 비해 약 19.6% 감소하였다. 또한 PC군의 경우 총 지질 함량은 $396\pm23.7mg/dl$ 이며, 이는 대조군에 비해 약 9.1% 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 도라지 추출물은 비만의 개선 효과가 있을 것으로 생각되며, 앞으로 많은 연구가 병행하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.