• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

Korea has made the rapid economical development under the condition with the high population density and low available land. In this context, conservation of land environment, connected directly with living quality of human, has mostly ignored. Prior Environment Review System(PERS) is the one to investigate the locational validity, environmental impacts, harmony with surrounding environment, from the early stage of administrative plan or development project. PERS was amended to include SEA(Strategic Environment Assessment) system on June 1, 2006. But, several problems, including the loss of administrative ability, cost, and time, have been appeared, since the system is applied to all administrative plans without any distinction and plans or projects are delayed generally. In this study, the weaknesses of PERS were indicated through the comprehensive analysis including literature survey, study of legal and internet database, and the recently published PERS reports. Based on that, the improvement schemes were suggested to be harmonized with the nature of SEA. This study was mainly focused on a PERS for the designation of conservational area of hot-spring wells, conducted by authors.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 1985

Two-hundred fifty specimens of Discomycetes were collected, for the most part, at Gwangneung, Mt. Deokyu, Mt. Seulak, Mt. Sungsu, Mt. Paldal, from March, 1982 to July, 1984. These Discomycetes were identified and classified into 2 orders, 9 families, 18 genera and 23 species. Among them, Helvella pezizoides Afz. ex Fr., Peziza celtica (Boud.) Moser, Humaria hemisphaerica (Wiggers ex Fr.) Fuckel, Trichophaea gregaria (Rehm) Boud., Trichoglossum walteri(Berk.) Durand, Spathularia flavida Pers. ex Fr., Arachnopeziza aurelia (Pers. ex Fr.) Fuckel, Rutstroemia americana (Durand) White, Rutstroemia macrospora (Peck) Kanouse apud Wehmeyer forma gigaspora Korf, Ascocoryne cylichnium (Tul.) Korf, Bisporella citrina (Batsch. ex Fr.) Korf et Carpenter, Chlorosplenium chlora (Schw. ex Fr.) Curtis, Chlorociboria aeruginascens (Nyl.) Kanouse ex Ramamurthi, Korf et Batra subsp. aeruginascens, Hymenoscyphus scutula (Pers. ex Fr.) Phillips, Cyathicula cyathoidea (Bull. ex Fr.) de Thumen were new records in Korea. These species are described and their Korean names are designated.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-101
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• 2007

Health and disease related characteristics of 226 selected by systematic sampling from 452 personal emergency response system(PERS) beneficiaries and actual conditions of using PERS by them are as follows. Over 86% of PERS beneficiaries have not good health conditions and 70.7% of them have chronic diseases. On social supports family was highest as 52.2% and cases having social workers' assistance were 15.2%, but 53 as 23.7% had not visit or call from anyone and showed very low social supports. 86.2% was given PERS within 3years and 79.1% had it by the recommendation from related agencies and 4.0% was by their demand. On wearing it, 78.3% didn't bring it with them and 92% of them answered they were not sick and then it was found that they didn't use it because they had not special emergency. On satisfaction with paging system's operation, 81.3% answered they were satisfied with it, 48.8% used it for 'acute and emergency diseases' and 29.3% called ambulance for 'appointed medical treatment'. Time required for ambulance to arrive at the field was within 10 min. in 87.8% and after 10 min. in 12.2% and emergency service for beneficiaries by fire service was very good. On satisfaction with use of PERS, 85.4% were satisfied with it, 81.9% who requested repair or replacement of radio paging got it back after one or two days of their request and they answered they were satisfied with A/S. 45.5% answered they powered off it because 'they didn't use it' and 12.1% had 'economical reason of phone charge'.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.9
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• pp.23-44
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• 2004

Das Forschungsziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, den linguistischen Begriff der Analogie zu definieren, und die auftretenden analogischen Ausgleichsprozesse vom Mittelhochdeutschen zum Neuhochdeutschen und auch im Neuhochdeutschen selbst insbesondere im System der starken Verben vorzuzeigen und zu $erkl\"{a}ren$. Und diese Forschungsergebnisse sind wie folgt. $Au{\ss}er$ dem Phonemwandel, der immer das Phonemsystem tangiert, gibt es M$Lautver\"{a}nderungen$, die auf assoziativer Ubertragung von Lautungen aus konkurrierenden sprachlichen Formen beruhen, die sog. Analogiebildungen. $N\"{a}mlich$ in der sprachlichen Entwicklung vom Mittelhochdeutschen zum Neuhochdeutschen zeigt sich eine sehr starke innere Tendenz der Sprache, diese durch $gesetzm\"{a}{\ss}igen$ Lautwandel entstandene Formenvielfalt innerhalb eines Paradigmas zu vereinheitlichen. Das $hei{\ss}t$; Analogischer Ausgleich ist als universaller sprachlicher Simplifizierungsprozess zu werten. Diese sprachlichen Ausgleichsprozesse werden als analogischer Ausgleich bzw. paradigmatischer Ausgleich bezeichnet. $Gem\"{a}{\ss}$ der Klassifikation von Frey teile ich auch analogischen Ausgleich Bereichen ein: a) im Stammsilbenvokalismus b) im Stammsilbenkonsonantismus c) in den Konjugationsendungen. (equation omitted) (c) Analogischer AusgIeich der Konjugationsendungen: Die Endung der 1. Pers. P1. $Pr\"{a}s$. Ind. im Althochdeutschen, -ames wird durch die Endung der 1. Pers. P1. $Pr\"{a}s$. Konj., -em ersetzt. $fr\"{h}ahd$. wir nem-ames > ahd. wir nem-em > mhd. wir nem-en > nhd. wir nehm-en Die Endung der 3. Pers. P1. $Pr\"{a}s$. Ind. im Mittelhochdeutschen, -ent wird durch die Endung der 1. Pers. P1. $Pr\"{a}s$. Ind., -en ersetzt. ahd. sie nem-ant > fruhmhd. sie nem-ent > mhd. sie nem-en > nhd. sie nehm-en Als Markierung der 2. Pers. Sg. war -st urprunglich nur in der 2. Pers. Sg. $Pr\"{a}s$. Ind. vorhanden: ahd. nim-ist > mhd. nim-est > nhd. nimm-st Von hier aus breitet es sich aus in die 2. Pers. Sg. Pras. Konj. ahd. nem-es > mhd. nem-est > nhd. nehm-est Vom $Pr\"{a}s$. Ind/Konj. breitet sich -st in das $Pr\"{a}t$. Ind. aus; ahd. nam-i > fruhmhd. naem-e > mhd. naem-est > nhd nahm-st Und $schlie{\ss}lich$ greift es vom $Pr\"{a}t$. Ind. auch auf den Konj. $\"{u}ber$. ahd. nam-is > mhd. nem-est > nhd. $n\"{a}hm-st$

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

Urban streams have been severely degraded with wastewater and concrete structure over a prolonged period. The Chonggyecheon Restoration Project recovered a stream in the downtown Seoul with landscaping, plantings and bridges after the cover concrete and elevated asphalt road were removed. The project has been criticized partly because it is not an ecological restoration but rather the development of an urban park with an unnaturally straight flowing stream, artificial building structures, and artificial water pumping from the Han River. Nevertheless, the public have praised the project and almost 100,000 visitors per day come to see the reeds, catfish, and ducks. The stream restoration project is attractive to central and regional government decision makers because it increases the public concern of landscape amenity. Several projects such as Sanjichon and Kaeumjungchon are on going and proposed. These projects have a common and different respect in scope and procedure. The Chonggyecheon project in the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and prior environmental review system (PERS) reviewed the environmental impacts before development. Kaeumjungchon in the PERS and Sanjichon without EIA and PERS are reviewed. EIA and PERS systems contribute to checking the ecological sustainability of the restoration projects. A stream restoration project is a very complex task, so an integrated approach from plan to project is needed for ecologically sound restoration. Ecological stream restoration requires 1) an assessment of the entire stream ecosystem 2) establishing an ecologically sound management system of the stream reflecting not only benefits for people but also flora and fauna; 3) developing the site-specific design criteria and construction techniques including habitat restoration, flood plains conservation, and fluvial management; 4) considering the stream watershed in land use plan, EIA, PERS, and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). Additionally the process needs to develop the methodologies to enhance stakeholder's participation during planning, construction, and monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.531-537
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• 2008

We report an unrecorded species of Corydalis sect. Corydalis (Fumariaceae), C. caudata (Lam.) Pers., that have been found in the central part of Korea. This species is easily recognized by its bearded calyx, upwardly curved spur, and multi-branched characteristics. We named it 'Soo-yeom-hyeon-ho-saek' as korean common name.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2018

Comparative drought resistances of 11 perennial warm-season turfgrasses were evaluated in the field after withholding irrigation for 48 days in summer I and 57 days in summer II. There were significant variations among the grasses in their drought resistances. From two years study of field shoot recovery from drought stress, the relative rankings among the 11 warm-season turfgrasses was as follows. 'Arizona Common' and 'Texturf 10' bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], 'Tifgreen' hybrid bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. ${\times}$ C. transvaalensis Davy], and 'Georgia Common' centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Mack.] possessed good drought resistances, whereas 'Texas Common' St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] and 'Tifway' hybrid bermudagrass [Cyndon dactylon (L.) Pers ${\times}$ C. transvaalensis Davy] possessed poor drought resistances. 'Texas Common' buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge.), and 'Adalayd' seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), 'Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), 'Emerald' zoysiagrass (Z. japonica Steud. ${\times}$ Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin.) were found to rank intermediate. Visual leaf firing showed the highest correlation (r=-0.84) to shoot recovery from drought stress. Visual leaf rolling (r=-0.59) and canopy-air temperature differential (r=-0.64) also showed very significant correlations, whereas leaf water potential (r=0.54) showed relatively lower correlation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.132-139
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• 2015

In order to use the symbiotic bacteria from ethomophatogenic nematodes as a biological control agent for agriculture, the cultural condition for maintaining phase I and antifungal activity was investigated. Symbiotic bacteria (SB) 1 stain from nematodes were selected from the three strains isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes. The growth of the SB 1 strain in NB, TSB, TY and YS medium was higher than that of the SB 2 and SB 3 strain. The packed cell volume of the SB 1 strain was reduced in NB medium which showed radical pH change. Phase I of the SB 1 strain was maintained in TSB medium after being stored for 2 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$. Culture broth with the SB 1 strain in TSB medium for 6 days and 7 days showed antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani KACC 40142, Botrytis cinerea Pers. KACC 40854, and Botrytis cinerea Pers. KACC 41008. Culture broth with the SB 1 strain in TSB medium containing 100 mM L-proline for 5 days showed antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani KACC 40142, and Botrytis cinerea Pers. KACC 40854.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-155
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• 2006

The introduction of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has strengthened and extended the value of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as a fundamental tool for sustainable development. In particular, SEA helps to overcome the limitation of project EIA as a stand alone approach that is applied relatively late in the decision making cycle. SEA is applied to proposals of policy, plan, and/or programme when major alternatives are open. In Korea, similar to SEA, the Prior Environmental Review System (PERS) was introduced to overcome the limitations of the EIA, by checking the environmental impacts on major policy and administrative actions in the early stage of decision making process. SEA appears in various national, regional and international laws. SEA is addressed specifically in the UNECE SEA protocol to the Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a transboundary context, as well as the European Commission SEA Directive (2001/42/EC). SEA is a valuable tool for integrating sustainability decisions into country's policies, plans and programmes. This paper reviews the policy direction for implementation of the SEA and efficient Environmental Assessment (EA) through integration of the PERS and the EIA.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2020

In this study, we aimed to study carnation italian ringspot virus (CIRV) in Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. in Bonghwa County, Korea. The collected samples showed mosaic and malformation symptoms. To identify the virus species, we performed high-throughput sequencing, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and cloning. The virus was confirmed to be an unreported species, and therefore we performed genome sequencing of the samples. The complete genome was 4,746 nucleotides in length. The CIRV contained five open reading frames (ORFs), and it showed the typical features of members of the genus Tombusvirus. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that ClRV isolates had the highest nucleotide identities with the CZ isolate (95.89%) from Korea. In recent years, these viruses have sporadically been reported in floral scent and medicinal plants. This research found the first natural host infected with CIRV, and provides baseline information to determine the correlation between weeds and crops.