• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.61-65
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• 1998

미국 워싱턴주 Vancouver 시에 있는 Bonneville 전력 송전소내 1987년 11월과 1988년 4월 2회의 PCP 유출사고로 약 91톤 PCP 오염토양을 55 gallon 드럼에 보관 후 효과적인 처리 기술개발을 유타주립대학과 미전력연구소 (EPRI)와 1991년부터 공동 연구 착수하여 1995년에 PCP 오염토양을 heme과 과산화수소 촉매 반응 기작을 이용하여 오염토양을 복원하였다. Heme과 과산화수소 촉매반응에 의한 PCP 오염토양 처리시 8 시간내 85% PCP가 분해 되고, 33일후 95% PCP가 분해되었다. 또한 오염토양내 PCP 이외 존재하고 있는 염소화합물도 간접적으로 분해가 이루어지고 있음을 확인하였다. 그러므로 heme에 의한 처리 기술은 전 세계적으로 광범위하게 분산된 PCP 오염토양, PCP 유출사고로 오염된 토양 복원 기술로 제시 할 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.330-335
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• 1999

Pentachlorophenol(PCP), which is very persistent in soil and water environment, was tried to detoxify with oxidoreductive catalysts(peroxidase, laccase, tyrosinase and birnessite). To find out detoxification of PCP, the transformation of PCP through oxidative coupling was investigated in the presence of various oxidoreductive catalysts. PCP incubated with peroxidase was significantly transformed, however, in case of tyrosinase, the transformation was negligible. Using peroxidase, the optimal reaction condition was pH 5.6 and $16^{\circ}C$. The transformation of PCP was very fast in initiation step until 30 min but, that was not observed after 180 min. The transformation of PCP was increased by increasing peroacidase amount. When the effect of humic monomer was investigated as co-substrate on the transformation of PCP, the transformation of PCP was mostly decreased in the incubation with peroxidase, laccase, and birnessite. The transformation of PCP, however, was slightly increased by the incubation with tyrosinase in the presence of humic monomers as co-substrate, except catechol. On the basis of the results obtained, it may be suggested that PCP is able to be effectively detoxified through oxidative coupling mediated with oxidoreductive catalysts.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 1993

A series of laboratory tests was performed with soil-columns which were compacted with sands and different amount of silt collected from the mid-stream of Gumgang, Korea. A known degree of concentration of PCP(Pentachlorophenol) was poured into the soil-columns and concentration of PCP was monitored and analyzed with time and depth. The results of the study are summarized as follows : 1. PCP was transported into soil along with the movement of moisture under gravitational force. The amount of PCP transported through soil or absorbed by soil varied with soil types. 2. The great amount of PCP was remained at 4~8cm section for the specimen No.2 and at 0~4cm section for the specimen Nos. 3 and 4. Based upon this result it is said that the amount of silt between 30 and 40% may be a threshold value for PCP transported through soil. 3. The amount of PCP remained in the specimen Nos. 2, 3 and 4 is greater than that in the specimen No.1 due to high specific surface of silt and high attraction force between PCP and silt particles in the specimen Nos. 2, 3 and 4. 4. It is said that groundwater under highly permeable soil layer such as specimen No.1 is easily polluted by PCP. That is because the PCP is basically migrated with water under the gravitational force.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5 s.133
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• pp.76-85
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• 2005

The degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by lignin degrading fungi was performed. Several fungi, Abortiporus biennis, Cerrena unicolor and Trametes versicolor, were tested to evaluate the inhibitory effect of PCP on their growth. At the extremal concentration of PCP $(500\;{\mu}M)$, only C. unicolor showed relatively fast growth (60% within 14 days) in the comparison to the control culture. In the case of A. biennis and C. unicolor, when initial PCP concentration was $50\;{\mu}M$, about 88.2% and 79.5% of PCP degradation were achieved within 3 days, respectively. When 2,5-xylidine (0.2 mM) was added to the C. unicolor culture, as high as 98% of PCP degradation was achieved within just an hour after its addition. A. biennis removed 44% of PCP at the same condition. PCP was completely disappeared when laccase activities reached to maximum.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.138-141
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• 2004

Seven soil samples were collected from paddy fields located nearby Nagoya city in Japan. All the soils were subjected to flooded condition and incubated with PCP at $30^{\circ}C$ for two months, and their anaerobic PCP degradation have been monitored by checking the PCP concentration of the soils at regular intervals. The degradation of PCP did not occur in the soils autoclaved two times before pre-incubation. On the other hand, all the soils showed significant PCP degradation in non-sterilized condition after 30 days of incubation, except far one soil sample (Yatomi), in which PCP was rarely degraded until 30 days of incubation. This result showed PCP disappearance in the pad(rf soils was mainly caused by microbiological activity, and depended upon the physicochemical characteristics of the soils.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 1997

Pentachlorophenol(PCP) which ks widely used in wood preservation, pulp and paper mills, has led to a substantial envirortmental contamination. To get the reliable data for the effective health risk assessment with PCP, covalent binding potential of PCP to cellular macromolecules and glutathione(GSH) was investigated after intraperitoneal administration of $^{14}C-PCP$ to rats. PCP metabolites were able to bind covalently to serum albumin and hepatic protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Hepatic protein adducts of PCP metabolites were increased as a function of cytochrome P-450 activities, whereas, albumin adducts significantly decreased. Covalent binding of PCP metabolites with DNA or hemoglobin was not observed. GSH levels in liver tissue decreased over 12hrs, however, the level was recovered after 48hrs. Tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-TCBQ), one of the most reactive PCP metabolites, conjugated with GSH very rapidly. Base on our results, we could conclude that PCP metabolized to reactive electrophilic metabolites by cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes and conjugated rapidly with neighboring protein or nonprotein sulfhydryl before reacting with DNA or hemoglobin. We propose that albumin adducts and mercapturic acids of PCP metabolites can be used good biomarker of recent PCP exposure.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) and to evaluate the influence of PCP prophylaxis in pediatric patients. Methods: From January 2002 to April 2015, patients aged <18 years with a diagnosis of confirmed PCP at our institute were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared according to the groups with or without PCP prophylaxis. Risk factors associated with PCP-related death were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results: During study period, a total of 24 patients were diagnosed with PCP by immunofluorescence assay and/or PCR. The median age of the patients was 5 years (range, 3 months-18 years) and 23 (96%) had immunocompromised conditions including hematologic disorders with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n=15), solid organ transplantation (n=4), and primary immune deficiency (n=4). Most common presenting symptoms were tachypnea and cough (92%, each). At the time of diagnosis, 79% (19/24) and 25% (6/24) suffered from respiratory failure and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), respectively. Mechanical ventilation was required in 8 (33%) patients and 5 (21%) patients died of PCP. Multivariate analysis showed that MODS at initial presentation was an indicator of poor prognosis (OR, 17.1 [95% CI 1.13-257.67]; P=0.04). Compared to the patients without PCP prophylaxis, the frequency of MODS at diagnosis, need for mechanical ventilation and length of hospital days were significantly less common in the children who received PCP prophylaxis. Conclusions: MODS at presentation was a significant predictor for poor outcome and PCP prophylaxis could alleviate the clinical courses of pediatric PCP. Prospective study will be mandatory to determine the risk factors for development and deterioration of PCP in children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1997

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH and salt level on the soil sorption equilibrium of pentachlorophenol (PCP) which is hydrophobic and ionogenic. Experimental results indicated that the sorption equilibrium constant (Kp) of PCP increased with decreasing pH. A quantitative sorption model involving linear isotherms was estabilished to predict the pH effect on the PCP sorption equilibrium over the pH range from 3 to 8. The model prediction was in good agreement with the experimental data. Also, the Kp increased with salt concentration over the entire pH range. At added salt levels less than 0.1M, increase in Kp was larger than when the added levels were higher than 0.1M. Salt might increase the PCP sorption by inducing 'salting out-effect' or by forming deprotonated PCP-cation ion pairs such as PCP$\^$-/K$\^$＋/. Taking the pH range (5-8) and the salt content (up to 50 g/L) in the groundwater of Metropolitan landfill sites into consideration, the results indicated that the retardation factor of PCP in this area might range from 3 to 550 depending upon pH and salt content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1981

Four-day bioassay method was used in this study to find out toxicity levels of DDT and PCP. From this study it was found that M. chrysophekadion was the most sensitive to DDT with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.0044 mg/l followed by P. Sutchi with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.0056 mg/l, and the most resistant was C. Siamensis with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.0133 mg/l. In the case of PCP, it was also found that M. Chrysophekadion and P. Sutchi were the first and second most sensitive to PCP with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.065mg/l PCP and 0.125mg/l PCP respectively, as in the case of DDT study. T. Nilotica was found to be the most resistant to PCP with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.264mg/l PCP. The resistant power of fish to pollution varies with the species of fish and the types of pollutants. In order of decreasing sensitivity of fish to DDT based on TL sub(m), the following sequence is obtained M. Chrysophekadion, P. Sutchi, T Nilotica, P. Gonionotus, K. Bicirrhis, L. Bicolor, C. Carpio, R. Heteromorpha, C. Siamensis while in the case of PCP, M. Chrysophekadion, P. sutchi, L. Bicolor, K. Bicirrhis, P. Gonionotus (R. Heteromorpha, R. Trilineata), C. Siamensis, C. Carpio, T. Nilotica.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.197-200
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• 1974

PCP adsorption experiment was carried out with six soils various in clay mineral and organic matter content and soil pH. The results were as follows; 1. The major factor governing the PCP adsorption is pH 2. The adsorption was increased with organic matter content at a certain pH 3. The adsorption was less related to crystalline clay mineral species.